V:\ 



AIX LA-CHAPEI.LE. 



teVoaly <* 



walk (Owr.) la ita town. It to not, 

 . ditrae.. wmteh have been ll W. * 



Bt- 



ar* Itaed with tree*, and outeM* 

 r Cowr* eheded by tret* of vaetaiaa. 

 The aatfceJral of rH.-.4nv*ur data* from the llth century, bat he* 



4*i eanosaJed by variously *enlptai<ed column*. The additions 

 BO.U to the cathedral give the interior the appearance of three parallel 

 MTa, of wax* the principal one was erected in the 14th century: 

 th* third eave dates from the time of Louto XIV. The principal 

 M ve to tlO feet long and 40 feet wide; it to surmounted by a inactive 

 square tower. The grand portal entrance, profusely adorned with 

 well-executed enlpturea, we* greatly injured in the flret French 

 revolution, aad he* been badly restored. The door* of the great nave 

 are of w&lnut, and decorated with beautiful carving*, which are pre- 

 served by the contrivance of a falae door that cover* the whole. The 

 ehoir. erected in 1S85, to of ton* dimensions, richly decorated, and 

 furnished with two organs. The baptistery to composed of eight 

 ancient column* of marble aad granite supporting * cupola. In the 

 men 1 11*1 r and the various chapel* are several monument*, bas-relief*, 

 aad painting. ; one of the but, representing the Virgin and Child with 

 several other figures, to ascribed, (rat falsely, to King R.'-ne. 

 The gothic church of St. Jam. founded by Raymond Beranger IV. 



.- 



rf loth* Knight, of) 



It to mil-mount.-.! 



by a u.wer and spire 816 feet high, and contain* the tomb of the 

 Count* of Provence, restored in 1818. The church of La-Madeleine 

 to a l-~*-~ modern structure, S06 feet in length, and adumed with 

 food ptaturea. There are (even other churches and chapeUi in the 

 city. The town-hall to a handsome nquare building, opened in 1688, 

 and MI*******; the taluable public library of Aix, which contain* 

 100,000 volumes of select works, and 1100 MSH. On the staircase 

 leading to the library to a One marble statue of Marshal de Villars. 

 The court-hone*, onro manned in ITS* and finished in 1831, occupies 

 the site of the old palace of the Counta of IVovence, which was of 

 great annuity, and was demolished in 1782. Other note-worthy 

 object* are the clock-tower, erected over one of the old gain in the 

 mner wall. ; the Hotel Dieu, which to outride the walla, and makes 

 mMO beds; the school of design, founded by bequest of Marshal de 

 VtOan, in 1 7 Tl. and supplied with a fine collection of cant* ; near the 

 preceding, in the building* i>1 f Kt.-Jean, the museum, 



which contain* many curious ancient remains and some fine paintings; 

 the university buildings ; the public granary, the facade of which is 

 adorned by statue* of the Rhone and SaAne ; and two large barracks. 

 The environs of the city are interesting for tho remain* of the ancient 

 Aqua? Sextiw. the rite of which aclj,.in* tho town on the north-east ; 

 for the setae of Marina's rictory before mentioned ; for the gyp*mu- 

 qaarriea of the hill of Avignon, fammw for founds of vegetables, 

 Insect*, and Bah ; and for the splendid aqueduct nf k.., ( ,i,.fuToiir, 

 5 milr. from Aix, which carries the oaaal of the Durance across the 

 TaHey of the Arc, and i 1800 feet long and 270 feet in liriRlit 1n,ve 

 the rlrar. Thto aqueduct, which forms part <>: now nearly 



eOBpteted far upivlying Marwille with .. ' - Dunince. 



reseiabtoa that of the bm<>n Pont-du-thrd. and like it to con- 

 with three rows of arches. The lowest row has 12 archen, the mi.Mlf 

 15, and the upper, which iiuppnrt* the canal, 49, ami the whole to 

 built of out stone. 



The warm springs of AU were neglected almost from Rnmnn iini.- 

 till 1000. when the pttesnt bath-hoose was erected on the ancient site, 

 about a quarter of a mile to the K.E. of the town. 'iringof 



Heitiu*. There are sereral sprlnga, but the one just mentioned is 

 the hottest, being }* Fahr. The baths are efleadow. in rhr.mic 

 rhumatkm, reeent naralyKia, and cutaneous affection*. Tho waters 

 arc aUo taken inwardly, in dmes of fire to fifteen gUases. Thepr.tit- 

 the esuhHshment are applied to the support of certain charitable 







AU tndee in olire-oU (for which It* territory is famous), com, raw 

 aflk, aad wool Almond*, dried fruits, and confectionary are exported 

 largely. The wtoes of Alx, if made with care, would be of high quality, 

 bat ai present they do not bear long transport, aad are mostly distilled 

 late brandy. The maanfacturem |imppriy m called, are confined to 

 cottne-printa, ilk and oottoa yarn, and articles of common use. The 

 book trade to active. 



has prodttotd many distinguished men ; among others Toume- 

 fort aad Adaneon, Vanloo the painter, aad Mignet the historian. 

 MX ( 



*n >if Sarny. ,. situated near the eastern shore of the Lake 

 f Bonrget, in a pleeeant and healthy valley, 821 feet above the sea-lerel, 

 T miles . from fhamWry, and has abore 8000 inbabiui, 

 oeevpiee the atte of the ancient Roman town Aqua Or; 

 *ow o* M its Itapattsaos now, as well as in anciei, u two 



k"*"f*** annually attract abt,Te 2000 ^ 



J< Ih^ri- sr nnmrriins lKrriing-houses. The tomperstiire 



e batha, but th<- !nir upring are also drank, 



<ieaeloqs in diets*** of the dlgeitive organs. The 

 by a format king of Sardinia, to a handsome and 

 bonding. There la casino also, which contains a 



reading-room, aad in which balls are given during the bathing 

 season. The Roman remains include a triumphal arch, an Ionic 

 temple, and baths. The large Cistercian monastery 

 founded in 1198, and containing the tomb* of many of the princes of 

 Savoy, is beautifully situated on the western shore of the lake opposite 

 to Ail. At the southern extremity of the lake are some remain* of 

 the ..M Castle of Bourget, a residence of the Counta of Savoy. The 

 scenery of Mont-Chat, which lies between the lake of Bovtoet and the 

 RbAne, to very attractive. The lake is fed l.y th< little river LetoM, 

 hi.i. niters it at the south end: it communicate* with the Rhone 

 at the opposite extremity by a canal. It* waters are remarkably 

 limpid and well stocked with fish. 



tUX-LA-CHAPKLLK, in Herman Aarhat, a city in Prussia 

 town of the government of AncluMi in tho llhein-l'rovinz : the seat of 

 a bishop ; situated in 50' 47' N. lat, tl 8' E. long., 89 mile* by railway 

 W. by 8. from Cologne : population above 45,000. The origin 

 town to uncertain ; but the ancient remains found in it prove that the 

 site was occupied by the Romans. The tower called Grauus-ThuYm, 

 ciose to the town-ball, to ascribed to Roman time*. The name by 

 which the place was known in the 8th century was Aquis-Qranum. 

 King I'epin had a palace here, and attached to it n cha|>el. in which 

 he to said to have heard midnight mass at Christmas of the year T'o. 

 From the mineral springs, for which the city has been always famous, 

 and from this chapel, the French name, at the head of this article, i* 

 aid to be derived. Charlemagne (who, according to some, was born 

 here; certain it i* he died here in A.D. 814) Inid the foundation of its 

 greatness, conferring upon its citizens numerous important privileges 

 .in. I iiiiintiiiitie*. He made Aix a free imperial city, the second in 

 rank in bis extensive empire, and the capital of his dominions north 

 of the Alps. He entirely rebuilt (in 796) the palace and the chapel, 

 which were united by a colonnade. The colonnade fell to ruin soon 

 after Charlemagne's time. In 882 the Northmen ravaged tl. 

 and destroyed the palace, on the ruin* of which the present town-hall 

 was afterwards erected. The chapel, whi. -h f'-rmi> I thr nucleus of the 

 present cathedral, was rebuilt by Oth III. in '.'>:'.. in th.- yitnn- f >rm 

 and in great part with the same materials as the structure raised 

 by Charlemagne. It 1s octagonal in plan, and covered over with a 

 dome, uii.l.-r which in agallcry. formerly adorno! itli .'I'J pillars of por- 

 phyry and granite, brought by Charlemagne from the Kxnrch's palace 

 at Itavenna ; but these were carried off in the last war by the French, 

 who returned only part of them. The architecture and decoration* of 

 this octagonal structure are in the Byzantine style. A mnrMii slab 

 under the centre of the dome marks the position in which the n 

 of Charlemagne reposed in tin- mult below the chapel A massive brazen 

 clmniicli i, the (lift of the emperor I irbnrogsa, hangs above 



it The vault was opened by Otho III. in I 1 '.'?, mid the imperial robes 

 an. I in e* of the great enn ^e body was seated in a 



miirl.h- chair, were removed, to be used for many centuries afterwards 

 in the coronation of tu emperors of (let-many. Theohair or tin 

 preserved in the gallery, ami in it Qkteolperorssat 1.1 



il to the eastern nide of the octagon to a beautiful gothic choir 

 114 feet high, erect, i in t! 

 massive square clock-tower wa* then bnilt,flanki 

 containing *talrcae* leading to the treasury, wh 

 many very ancient relics. Here are pre.- .1. 1 the arm- 



: the great ei 

 Vieim.'i in 17M, with . ,.,ir in 



li picture*, rtntiie*. and painted wimlov. 



pulpit, which i* oniamci: . carvings in ivn-v, and 



ted by a wooden case. Thr 

 which were pre entrd to Charlemagne by t 1 

 i.f .lonisnlcm, are shown to the people in 



once in seven year*, from thr 15th to the end of July, during Which 

 i-.iiffi-il with K vast crowd of pilgrims 



easion* to II total of uliove Hill.: 



!i nro \ery numefi.iiH. are .-hown S( 



the small h..i:.- built against the cathedral diminish the 

 11 the spectator, yet they perhaps servr 

 the richness of it* ancient d. 



In the market-square stands the rath-lmus, or town-hall, a large and 



imposing building, in an npurinient c.f whi.-h. called the 



hull, arc portrait* of the Gorman emperors, bunt* of Napoleon and 



his empress, Josephine, by ]>avid. .if old 



CJerman art. In a saloon on the second floor arc portraits of statesmen 



mid others, who aW .presses held here in 174S mi. I isis. l n 



f (lie building is a handsome fonntju' : ,1 by a gilt 



Htatue of Charlemagne. On the right of the ratli-haus is the 



ancient tower above mentioned, and on the left the market or clock- 



Aix-la-Chapelle stands in a very fertile basin sheltered i 

 the Veen Mountains and drained by the little river Win-in.' The hill 

 ..f Louslierg risen 781 feet above the plain dose to the walls 

 town: it summit nfl'onl* a Milling 



y. Aix-la-C'lmpelle Is surrounded by rampart^ and d. ' 



< have been Hied u|. i verted 



Mie walks. The eity is in general well built : tl 

 street* are w idr nnd pretty regular ; many of the houses nro han.l- 

 .ind the old gothic facades are disappearing rapidly from the 



