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And-, or Andeoavi, a Celtie tribe mentioned bv Cjesar and Tacitus. 

 A bishopric was founded ben befon A.D. Ma In the reign of Vatan- 

 ttesU ill. the city changed it* name to Andejavia, whence it is 

 fjtamliil h- the name* Anjou and Angen an derived. The Romans 

 wen obliged to surrender the town to Odoacer in 404. Childeric I. 

 drove out Odoacer, and pillaged and burnt part of the town, but 

 Odoacer soon after recovered possession of it, and made peace with 

 Childeric, whom he joined in an invasion of Italy. Clovis made himself 

 master of Angen and of the whole of Anjou. Childebert built near 

 UM city the famous abbey of St-Aubin. In the earliest invasion* of 

 UM northmen in the 9th century, Hastings took the city several times, 

 and about A.D. 860 fortified it and made it his head-quarters. He was 

 allowed to march out of it after a aiege by Charles the Bald and the 

 Duke of Britanny. In the wan between the French, the Bretons, and 

 the English, Angen wa* frequently besieged and taken. The city 

 wa* surrounded for the third time with walls by 81 Louis, who also 

 the castle, which was begun by Philippe Auguste. The 

 _i seised in 1585 by the Huguenots, the only time it was ever 

 The city wa* unsuccessfully attacked by the Vendean army 

 hi 1799. 



The city of Angers, properly so called, is built on the top and slope 

 of a hill above the left bank of the Mayenne ; a small island in the 

 river is also built upon ; and on the right bank is a quarter of the 

 town called La-Doutre. These three parts are united by bridge*. 

 Host of the streets are narrow, and some of them so steep as to be 

 inaccessible for carriages. The house* in the greater part of the city 

 an built of wood, coated with slate; in some instances they are 

 constructed of blocks of slate, and on the whole the street* so built 

 have a very dismal appearance, and justify the name of Black Angers, 

 so often applied to the city. Great improvement* however are taking 

 place ; these houses are being gradually removed, and regular streets 

 are being built in the modern style. The ramparts of the town have 

 been levelled, and replaced by boulevards, which are lined with good 

 houses and planted, and by mean* of two bridge* form a handsome 

 circular promenade round the city. 



The cathedral, dedicated to St Maurice, wa* rebuilt in 1225, in the 

 form of a Latin croc*, and consists of only a nave 'and transepts. The 

 nave, one of the widest in France, is 298 feet long, 54 feet broad, and 

 110 high. The transepts an each 49 feet in length and breadth, and 

 lighted through large painted-glass rose-window* of elegant construc- 

 tion. Most of the window* of the nave are also filled with painted 

 glass of the richest colours, and dating from the 13th century. The 

 stone vault* of the roof are supported on massive piers, rising on the 

 outside of the walls between each pair of windows to the height of 

 85 feet. The portal entrance of the west front is adorned with well- 

 executed sculpture* in the Byzantine ityle. Higher up in niche* are 

 statue* of eight duke* of Anjou ; and above the whole rise two towers 

 with spires, which are separated by a third tower surmounted by a 

 dome. The grand altar is composed of different kinds of marble, and 

 the baldaquin over the tabernacle is supported by six Corinthian 

 columns of red marble. The organ, supported on four caryatides, 

 and of beautiful workmanship, i* laid to be one of the finest instru- 

 ment* in France. From the organ-loft a balustraded gallery runs all 

 round the interior of the building. Margaret of Anjou, queen of the 

 English Henry VI., was buried in this cathedral ; her tomb wa* 

 destroyed during the first French revolution. 



The castle of Angen stands on a lofty rook above the Mayenne. 

 It is surrounded by high wall* flanked by eighteen massive towers, 

 and is constructed of blocks of slate, with white stone dressings ; on 

 the land aide it U farther girt by a wide fcese cut in the rock, and 

 U feet deep. The fortress U entered by a single gate reached by a 

 draw-bridge. The castle was at once the fortress and the residence of 

 the duke* of Anjou ; it U now used partly a* a prison and partly as a 

 powder-magazine. On an open space in front of the castle is a hand- 

 some structure, now a riding-school, but formerly occupied by the 

 military college, in which Mr. Pitt, afterwards Lord Chatham,, and 

 the late Duke of Wellington received part of their education. 



The Hotel Dieu, or hospital, which was founded by the English 

 H.-nry 1 1. in 1155, i* a building of vast extent, on the right bank of 

 the Mayenne, between the river and the church of St-Laurent The 

 pert of the building destined for the sick is a long rectangle, divided 

 into three halls by rows of Corinthian pillars, which support the 

 "gival vaults of the roof. The interior of the chapel is built in the 

 same style. The cellars, which have groined roofs, support large 

 granaries, which are divided into three parts by two row* of arches, 

 CSM supported on coupled Corinthian columns, and the other on 

 n*n pillars, substituted not long ago for the decayed columns. 

 IBM rod. exterior of the structure, constructed as it is of undressed 

 tone, contrasts strangely with the finished decorations of the int. -ri.>r, 

 and give* some foundation for the opinion that some of the column* 

 of the interior at all events once formed part of an ancient Roman 



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part of i 



other remarkable structures of Angen are the 

 - -httrch of La Trinito, a beautiful building in the form of 

 UM letter T, which date* from 1062, and now contains the depart- 

 MOU1 museum : UM church of 8t-8rge at the north en<l 

 own, mnarkabU for its choir, which ha* a pointed roof supported by 

 j. -i . ,1^. -_, ., ( UU. pert of the building dates from about 



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sit etefant light 



1050 ; the nave date* only from the 15th century ) ; at the east end of 

 the choir is a Lady-chapel of square form : the buildings of the abbey 

 of St-Nichola*. at the end of Uue St-Jaoques: UM gothio house, 

 known as the Hotel of the Counts of Aujoii : the theatre : the convent 

 of the Good Shepherd, a vast building in the suburb of La-Doutre, 

 near the suspension-bridge : the theological seminary, which is near 

 the botanical garden, and not far from the church of Si-Serge : and 

 the residence of the prefect, which occupies the site and comprises 

 part of the buildings of the abbey of St-Aubin. Angen has also an 

 institution for deaf mutes, a public library containing 37,000 volumes, 

 a museum of natural history, a large collection of paintings of the 

 French school, and an agricultural and scientific society. 



The manufactures of Angen are sail-cloth, camlet, serge, cotton 

 prints, laces, hosiery, linen and woollen stuffs, Ac. ; and there are 

 establishment* for bleaching wax, and refining migar. Beside* the 

 articles from their own factories, the inhabitants carry on a trade in 

 the agricultural produce of the surrounding district corn, wine, 

 brandy, oil, flax, hemp, wax, honey, and dried fruits. The neighbour- 

 hood is famous for its nursery-gardens, of which there are above 

 80 ; and especially for its extensive lUto-quarries, worked by about 

 3000 men and 3 steam-engines, and furnishing an export value of one 

 million and a half of francs annually. Small steamers ply to Nantes, 

 Tours, Orleans, and Never*, on the Loire, and to Moulin* on the Allier. 



ANGLES, or ANGLI. The earliest record of this people we find 

 in Tacitus' s book on the Germans (chap. xL) ; but this author only 

 mentions their name, states a few particulars relative to their religions, 

 an<l intimate* that they were a branch of the Suevi Having spoken 

 of the Semnone* as the most ancient and illustrious tribe of the Suevi, 

 he thus continues : " But the Langobards are ennobled by their small 

 number ; being surrounded by a multitude of the most valiant nations, 

 they live in a state of security, not by submitting to them, but 1 > y 

 fighting battle* and braving dangers. After them follow [in thiu 

 description he is proceeding north-westward] the Reudigni, 

 the Angli, the Varini, the Eudoses, the Suordones, and the Nuithoncx; 

 all these are protected by wood* and rivers. Singly, these nations 

 present nothing that is remarkable, except that they in common 

 worship Hertha, that is, Mother Earth, believe that she int. 

 with human affairs, and journeys in a chariot among the lit 

 In an island in the ocean there is a holly grove where a consecrated 

 vehicle is kept, covered with a vest : nobody but the priest ia 

 permitted to touch it He knows when the goddess is present in 

 this sanctuary, and putting cows to the vehicle he honours her with 

 great devotion. These are days of rejoicing, and festivals are kept in 

 whatever place the goddess visits and honours with her presence. 

 During these days they do not go to war, nor take arms in hand ; 

 hostile weapons are laid aside : peace and quietness only prevail, and 

 are cultivated till the priest brings back to her temple the goddess 

 satiated with the converse of mortals; immediately thereafter the 

 chariot and the vests, and if we choose to believe it the goddess 

 herself, are washed in a secret lake. Slaves perform this service, who 

 are instantly swallowed up by the lake. From this a mysterious fear 

 arises, and a holy wonderment at what that can be which is beheld 

 only by men who must lose their lives. This portion of the Suevi 

 extends into those parts of Germany which are less known." This 

 description at all events will convince most readers that Tacitux knew 

 very little about these nations. Lindenbrog and Leibnitz C ,S -ri|,t..r. 

 Rerum Brunsuicens.' i. 81) have preserved fragments of the ancient 

 law* used in common by the Angli and the Varini. D'Anville has in 

 his map assigned to them the same district which they occupied in 

 the 5th century before their emigration to England, and parts of 

 which the modern Angles still occupy. He allots to them the greatest 

 portion of modern Schleswig and some parts of Holstein, making the 

 German Ocean their western boundary, the Saxons their nearest 

 neighbours on the south, the Varini on the south-east, and the Jutes 

 on the north. It is impossible to fix with accuracy any boundaries 

 for the Angli from the account given by Tacitus, but his statement 

 appears perfectly reooncileable with D'Anville's map and the Saxon 

 chronicle ; and it is remarkable that D'Anville in every respect agrees 

 with the last-mentioned record, although it may be doubted whether 

 he knew it, or paid any attention to it [SAXONS.] 



ANGLESKV n .n i-land in the Irish Sea, on tho 



north-west coast of Wale*, of which principality it forms a county. 

 It lies between 53 5' and 53 23 N. Int., and 4 2' and 4 4 a' \V. long., 

 and is separated from the mainland by the narrow strait (or as it is 

 .-..in. linifK though incorrectly termed river), Menal This strait has 

 a direction very nearly north-east and south-west, with little vm 

 throughout its course. It is thought that Anglesey was once united 

 with the main by an isthmus, at a place called Pwll Ceris, where may 

 still be traced a line of small rocks crossing the channel. It appear* 

 also that the Menai is wider than formerly, lines of stones having been 

 observed below the present high-water mark, which seem to have been 

 once boundaries or fence* between the sea and the land. (Rowlands'* 

 ' Mona Restaurata.') From the south-west end of this channel, the 

 coast runs in a north-west direction to the farthest point of Holyhead 

 Island, which is separated from the rest of Anglesey by a sandy strait, 

 across which the Holyhead road and the Chester and Holyhead 

 railway are carried by long embankment* or causeways, in the centra 

 of which are arched openings for the passage. of the wnk>r. Tlio 



