ANGOLA 



ar* separately d*erib*d. the other* we notice briefly here. 

 Mtf on th* road to Amlweh, from which it U miles 

 . had unee the most consider**!* mark.-t in AnuU-rr, M it 

 ha* (emit IT declined smee the opening of tht at Llngftii. The only 

 manufacture is that of the ' high dried Welsh snuff,' of which a large 

 is mde here : in 1841 the popuUtion wu 4. Umgtf*\ > 

 the centre of Anglesey , and is * pUoe of growing 

 The market* are extensive, and at the fain great 

 of cattle are sold for the English market ; a county court i* 

 JMld here : in 1851 the population of the borough was 1M3. 



Abtrfrav, on the tonth-west coaat of Anglesey, is chiefly famous a* 

 having been the reaideaoe for a eendderable time of the native prince* 

 of Wales. Only a few fragment* of walls mark the rite of their 

 dwelling-place. Many British and Roman remains hare been found 

 here. Aberffraw was selected as the theatre for holding in 1649 the 

 EMeddvod, or great national festival, which u held annually in aome 

 eld Welsh town : the population in 1861 was 1382. Newkonmgh, 

 about 7 miles 8.E. from AberflVaw, is a decayed borough and market- 

 town, which for a while returned two members to the English 

 parliament. It had in 1841 a popuUtion of 896. 



Horyhead, Amlwch, and Llangefni with Ucauioaris return a member 

 IB the Imperial Parliament ; and the county returns one member. 

 The county election and that for the united boroughs are both held 

 at BeaumarU. 



The chief gentlemen's seats are Ptas Newydd, on the Men*!, the 

 eat of the Marquis of Anglesey ; and Baron Hill, near Beaumaris, 

 the seat of Sir R. B. Williams Bulkeley, Bart There are few anti- 

 quities except Drnidicnl. the chief of which have been noticed above. 

 There are the remains of a priory at Llanvae*, and of another at 

 Pmimon, both in the same neighbourhood. The conventual church 

 of Penmon Priory b used as the pariah church. The ecclesiastical 

 biiiMings are generally small anil plain, though a few of them 

 are interesting to the nrchieologwt There are in all 74 parish 

 churches in Anglesey. BeaumarU Castle U noticed under HKADI.MIIS. 



According to the census of 1841 the number of persons in the 

 county engaged in trade, commerce, and manufacture was 8-1, and 

 in agriculture 15*2 per oent. of th* whole population. The mines 

 employed 839 poisons, of whom 257 were returned as copper-miners, 

 114 as coal -miners, and 826 simply as miners. The quarries employed 

 M persona. In 1851 the county possessed one tarings bank at 

 Beanmaris : the amount owing to depositors on November 20, 

 1851, was 57.150J. 15. Id. 



(Pennant's and Bingley's Touri in .Vor/A Wnl'i : Parry's Cambrian 

 Mirror. For the antiquities of Anglesey sec Rowianda'n Monn Amii/nn 

 Rrttnttratn ; and papers by the Rev. H. Lmigueville Jones, in vuL iii. 

 of the Arrkfrotogieaf Journal.) 



AKOO'LA, a country on the west coast of Africa, partially subject 

 to Portugal The name is often used to comprehend the whole 

 extent of coast from Cape Lopez Oonmlvo in (at 0* 44' 8. to San 

 Felipe de Bengnela, in 12* 14' 8. The whole of th ', .-ars to 



be considered as one country by the natives ; but by them it is called, 

 not Angola, but Congo, and Is divided into the separate district* of 

 Loango, Congo Proper, Angola, and Bengucla. The country properly 

 called Angola commences about 8* 20' 8. lat, wheiv it i< divided by 

 the river Dseda from Congo, and is bounded on the south by the 

 river Coansa, in ;!<' S. lat. The country immediately to the south 

 of the Coansa is commonly considered to be part of Benguela, although 

 that name appear* to be sometimes used at applicable only to the 

 country to the south of the river Catumbela, immediately above San 

 Felipe de BengueU. Formerly Benguela, which afterwards became 

 a separate kingdom, U said to have formed one of the provinces of 

 Angola, and to have extended as far south as to Capo Negro, in 16 

 8. lat. The proper name of Angola is said to be Dongo- Angola ; and 

 Dongo it the abbreviation most in use among the natives. 



The coast of Angola was first discovered by the Portuguese navigator 

 Diego Cam, in 1484. Very toon after this the Portuguese began to 

 form teUjrmenU both along the banks of the Zaire, and at various 

 point* of the coaat to the south of that river. It was not howevor 

 till 1 578 that the town of Loanda, or San Paolo de Loauda, the capital 

 of Angola, was begun to be built Since then the Portuguese g< 

 has mided here, and ban been called governor of Angola, instead of 

 ruieiiim of Congo as formerly. In 1040 the Portuguose were driven 

 from Ban Paolo by the Dutch, who retained possession of the place 

 till 1648, when ft was recovered by Hi former masters. 



The Portuguese, settlement* extend into the interior for about 700 

 mil** from th* coast. It is not to be understood however that the 

 whoU of this territory is under the dominion of the crown of Portugal. 

 It only possesses a few forte, and tome commercial establishments 



*B*d Fein* or Fain, at great distances from each other. '' 

 th* Mrs air TOO mile* inland, and are under the superintendence of 

 aPortugn*** r**M*at Th* Portuguese colonist* and the native* 

 nc*t at th*** tvaiiuus far the purpo*** of exchange. Cahenda, on* of 

 ttw** fair*, i* sHosted Mar 19' E. long., on the south bank of the 

 ttvw ManibrfU, which appear* to be the head-stream of the Bcnga. 

 Tb*r* i* a Capuchin mktion here. r i. Bongo* 



fttHimba. 17' K. long., where a cinrlit mission is established. 

 fart* In MM interior of Angola are- Fort Hatsangano, at UM 

 ion of th* rhfr Lncala with th* Coania, abontl*l6' K. long. ; 



ANGOLA. tn 



Fort Cambambe, higher up th* Coanaa ; - Pungo Aadongo, at the 

 junction of the Oango, or Hooonga, which flow* from th* south, with 

 th* Coanca, a littl* beyond th* 18th meridian; Port Pedras, in the 

 same vicinity, but not on the river ; and Kort Ambaca on the Lucala, 

 about 17* 86' K. long. At Hasnngano there is a garrison of 100 

 infantry, and on* of at each of the other forte, formed of natives, 

 but commanded by Portugae** oAeer*. A considerable garrison U 

 also kept at Loanda. Th* city of /xxmaX aituatod in 8* 46' 8. lat., 

 is built partly on th* mainland, and partly on th* island of Loanda, 

 which lies about a mil* from the shon, and is 10 leagues in length 

 and about a mil* broad. It was formerly celebrated for the magnin- 

 o*noe of iu. churches and other ecclesiastical buildings. Ixwuda give* 

 title to a bishop. Besides a cathedral it contained in former times a 

 convent, an hospital, and a Jesuit's college of great extent The 

 present town is described at situated considerably to th* north of the 

 old town and port, the former of which is in ruins, and th* latter 

 Mocked up. Th* principal part of th* city stands on an eminence, 

 which jute out towards the island, and on the extremity of win. 

 largest citadel is placed. There are two other batteries besides this. 

 The low-lying part of th* town however is the most crowded 

 inhabited for the most part by th* negroes of the country, and consist* 

 merely of a crowd of mean hovels : population about 6000. The 

 town extends about a mile and three-quarters along the shore. The 

 new harbour is 8J miles long, and deep and commodious. '!'!. 

 market is well supplied with fruit and vegetables, and bullocks and 

 goats arc also in great plenty. The country around is described as 

 dusty and parched ; bnt the town is well supplied with excellent 

 water brought daily in tank-boats from the Benga, which flows into 

 the ma some miles to the north of Loanda. The old accounts nay 

 that plenty of good water is found by digging in the Isle of Loanda. 

 This vicinity is said to be the only part of the went coast of Africa, 

 f the Gambia, where horse* will thrive. 



Angola is now divided into the following seven provinces : 1 

 in which the capital is situated; Danda, adjacent t<> the river 

 same name, described a* al>oiiii<liii in com, fniit, anil \.m-n : Benga, 

 nks of the Benga (otherwise called the Zeuza), mid altogether 

 inland ; Moseohe, between the Lucala and the Coanm, being the pro- 

 11 which the two forte of Massangano and Cambambe are 

 situated ; Illamba, between the Danda and the Benga, divi.l. 

 the lower province next the en, and the higher, c died otlv 

 Luinbo, farther inland ; Oarii, to the east of tli> i Kmbaooa, 



or Membacca, comprehending the upper region "f the I .': ala, 

 the province in which the fort A 1 Kiiila-ca i* -limited. 



Nearly 500 miles beyond the most distant Portuguese fair is Casaange, 

 to the north of which aretheCachingas,nnd to th* en i-o the 



, with whom they are always at war, and who ore said to 

 maintain a trading connection with the 1'ortuguese 

 Mombaca, on the M> v. iiuKi^m- cox- 1. The nativos say, that il>. 

 and the Coanza have both their sources in a great lake which 

 the eastern limit* of Caasange ; and also, that there is in that 

 a third river larger than either of these, which they call the Ciuati. 

 The Coanza. it appears, has been actually trao I' the 



country to Uiu .li.-uiuce of fifteen days' journey donga 



Tjl **ri*. in 20* 80' E. long., tl < ie< of the MugougucloH 



and Somghos, two dependencies of Casaange. '!'!. 

 these islands lie U called Mattemba, and is to the east of Upper 

 llhuuba, already mentioned. In this neighbourhood resided the 

 Giagaa or .lagan, whose atrocities made a great figure in all the old 

 account* of the country. To the north of il 

 from it liy the l.iinini, u branch of the Congo, is the disti 

 the ancient capital of which, Cabasa, near 8* 8. lat., is reported by 

 the natives to be four days' journey north of the Coanza, and three 

 days' journey south of the Congo. 



The language spoken throughout the whole of Angola Proper i 

 the Bunda, which appenni to be merely a di.d. .-t f the Congoon. 

 It is reported by tradition to have originated in Casaange, and to have 

 been introduced into the parts nearer the coast by conquest. A 

 Grammar and Dictionary of this tongue have been compi! 

 Father Cannecattini. The most important peculiarities are, that tho 

 aingular and plural of th,- n ,UIIH. and the voices, tense*, and persons 

 of the verbs are distinguished by prefixes, and the article varies in case 

 and number with the noun. A language nearly the tame appears 

 to be spoken at Hoolooa, in . aid 32 E. long. 



The government, law.- >n prevailing among the natives of 



Angola arc in their ^i-m-nil features the same with those o 

 .".TO tribes of Africa. The supreme authority in each <1 : 

 in in the hands of a single ruler, who is subject to no regnl. r control. 

 A tax is levied by the Portuguese from the inhahitants of Loanda, 

 and of the . tricts i\l>. i. th. y have erected forte. In 



th* course of the l'-th century various missions were sent o 

 successive pope* with tho object of diffusing the knowledge of ' 

 tiaoity among the inhabitants of this port of Africa ; and a good 

 converts were made, but the great bulk of the natives still adli 

 the gross sup f Feticism. 



It appears that the country though hilly is not so much so as a 

 great part of Bengucla. The frontier next Congo is hiji 



'ins and sandy desert*. There are considerable mountain* also 

 in tho province of tho higher lUamba. The hills there rise 1 



