377 



ANHOLT. 



ANNECY. 



373 



and the duchies are traversed also by the railways to Leipsic, Berliu, 

 and Magdeburg, which meet at the Kb'then junction. 



ANHOLT is a small Danish island in the Kattegat, with a light- 

 house, in 56 44' N. lat., 11 39' E. long. It is 6 miles long and about 

 4 miles broad. The coast is surrounded by dangerous shoals. From 

 March to December a light ship is stationed off the south-east coast. 

 Its inhabitants do not exceed 200 in number, and subsist by catching 

 seals and fish. Anholt is also the name of a small town on the Alt- 

 Yssel, in Prussian Westphalia, 9 miles N.E. from Nimeguen, with a 

 handsome palace, the residence of the prince of Salni-Salm : popula- 

 tion, 2000. 



AXIO. [PAPAL STATES.] 



ANISY-LE-CHATEAU. [AisxE.] 



ANJAR, a small district in the province of Cutch, in Hindustan, 

 held by the Rao of Cutch, under British protection. The soil of 

 Anjar is extremely arid, and suffers much from scarcity of water ; but 

 the Bombay government having an interest in the prosperity of the 

 cultivators has caused several tanks to be constructed, in consequence 

 of which tillage has been extended and the district much impVoved. 



ANJAR, the capital of the district of the same name, is situated in 

 23 10' N. lat, 70 11' E. long. It is built on the side of a hill about 

 10 miles from the gulf of Cutch. The fortifications are not strong, 

 the walls being only six feet in thickness and without a ditch. Anjar 

 was besieged and taken in 1816 by a British corps. In 1819 it 

 experienced the shock of an earthquake, by which nearly one half of 

 the houses were thrown down and about 200 persons were killed. 

 The population in 1820 was estimated at 10,000. 



ANJOU, one of the provinces or military governments into which 

 France was formerly divided. It now forms the department of 

 M.U.VE-I i-LoiRE and portions of SARTHE, MAYENNE, and INDRE-ET- 

 LOIRE. It was bounded N. by Maine, E. by Touraine, S. by Poitou, 

 ami W. by Bretagne. Its capital was Angers. The territory of Anjou 

 was in ancient times occupied by the Celtic tribes called Andes and 

 Andecavi. Anjou was erected into a duchy by Philippe the Fair in 

 1297, but wag united to the crown of France in 1581 ; the title 

 however was afterwards several times renewed 



ANKLAM, a town in Prussia in the province of Pomerania, govern- 

 ment of Stettin, is situated on the river Peene, at a distance of about 

 8 miles from its mouth in the Stettiner-haff, 45 miles N.W. from 

 Stettin and 91 miles N. from Berlin : population, 8300, including its 

 two suburbs. Its port enables it to carry on a brisk trade in corn and 

 timber, and it possesses considerable manufactures of woollens, linens, 

 leather, and tobacco. 



AXKOBAR. [ABYSSINIA.] 



ANNABERG, a town in the Erzgebirge (circle or mining district of 

 Saxony), is situated 19 miles S. from Chemnitz and 46 miles S.W. 

 from Dresden, at an elevation of 2800 feet above the level of the sea, 

 and contains 6800 inhabitants. It has considerable manufactures of 

 cotton-lace, bobbinet, and ribbons ; and trades in silver, tin, cobalt. 

 nd marble, which it receives from the neighbouring mines and 

 works. Annaberg has a handsome church, an orphan asylum, and a 

 high school. 



ANNAGOONDEY. [BIJN-AGHUR.] 



ANNAH, a town of Turkey in Asia, situated on the right bank of 

 the Euphrates, in 34 15' N. lat., 41 SO' E. long., about 65 miles 

 N.W. from Bagdad. Opposite the town is a line of cultivated islands 

 which yield rice, cotton, corn, and wine. The town consists of a long, 

 narrow, winding street on the bank of the river, and at the base of 

 the hilln which here line the Euphrates. Numerous date-groves over- 

 hang the clay buildings. The town contains several mills, some for 

 irrigating the grounds and others for grinding wheat. It contains the 

 remains of four ancient castles, one of which is on the largest island ; 

 there are two mosques, and a beautiful minaret, 80 feet high. There 

 in a manufactory of coarse cloth for .Arab cloaks ; much wool is 

 prepared, and some cotton. The number of houses is about 1800. 

 Opposite to the largest of the islands the town terminates, and the 

 remains of old Annah, or the Anatho of Isidore, commence, covering 

 the island and extending eastward for 2 miles farther along the left 

 bank. Nitre is procured at Annah. Annah serves as a resting-place 

 between Bagdad and Aleppo, and between Bosrah and Aleppo. 



A NNAMABOE, or ANNAMABOO. a town with a fort belonging 

 to the English on the Gold Coast in West Africa, in 5 5' N. lat., 1 6' 

 W. long., 10 miles E. from Cape Coast Castle. The fort of Annamaboe 

 is considered to be the strongest on the coast, is quadrangular in 

 form, and is built on a low site close to the shore, the town surround- 

 ing it in the form of a crescent, and extending to the sea on both sides 

 of the fort. In 1807 the inhabitants, who considered themselves as 

 belonging by their position to the nation of the Fantees, took part 

 with them against the Ashantees ; in consequence of which both the 

 town and fort were attacked by a vast body of the latter. About 

 10,000 of the inhabitants of Annamaboe, according to Mr. Meredith, 

 being two-thirds of the whole, were slain on this occasion ; and about 

 2000 more of them took refuge in the fort. A few details relating 

 to Aanamaboe and the neighbouring English forts of Cape Coast, 

 Dexcove, and Accra will be found under GOLD COAST COLONY. By an 

 order in council of January, 1850, the Gold Coast settlements have 

 been erected into a distinct colony, independent of Sierra Leone. A 

 magistrate is resident at Annamaboe. 



ANNAN, a small river of Scotland, which rising in the mountain" 

 range on the north boundary of Dumfriesshire has a general southern 

 course in a long narrow valley, and falls into the Solway Frith. The 

 Moffat Water, the chief branch of the river, rises in Loch Skene, at an 

 elevation of 1300 feet. The whole course of the Annan is calculated 

 at about 40 miles. 



ANNAN, a port-town, a royal and a parliamentary burgh, in the 

 former stewartry of Aunaudale, Dumfriesshire, Scotland ; 79 miles S. 

 from Edinburgh, 154 miles E. by S. from Dumfries, and 20 miles 

 W. by N. from Carlisle, in 54 59' N. lat., 3 15' W. long : the popu- 

 lation of the burgh in 1851 was 4558. The burgh is governed by 3 

 bailies and 12 councillors, one of whom is provost, and iu conjunction 

 w,ith Dumfries, Sauquhar, Kirkcudbright, and Lochmaben, returns 

 one member to the Imperial Parliament. By means of the Dumfries 

 and Carlisle railway, which passes the town, Annan has direct com- 

 munication with all parts of England and Scotlaud. 



The town is situated on the river Annan, not far from its fall into 

 the Solway Frith. The river, over which there is a modem bridge of 

 three arches, is navigable for vessels of 300 tons to within half a mile 

 of the town, and for vessels of 60 tons up to the bridge, where it 

 forms a good natural harbour. The road from Carlisle to Dumfries 

 runs along the principal street of the town, and there are small lanes 

 or closes leading off to the right and left. Of late some new streets 

 have been built. The houses are in general good ; the town is paved, 

 and has a neat and improving appearance. There are some small 

 manufactures of cotton and -leather. The trade is chiefly coasting, 

 there being little foreign commerce except the annual importation of 

 a cargo or two of British American timber. There is direct commu- 

 nication between Annan and Liverpool by sea every four or five days. 

 The exports are grain, malt, potatoes, bacon, freestone, and Scotch 

 timber ; the imports are coal, lime, slate, timber, herrings, salt, colonial 

 produce, and general merchandise from Liverpool and Whitehaven. 

 A freestone quay enables vessels to take in or discharge their lading. 

 Salmon is caught in the river, and the sea yields cod, turbot, and a 

 variety of small fish. The rise of the tide on the coast is 21 feet. 



Annan was created a royal burgh in 1538. Besides the parish 

 church there are chapels of ease in the town, and at Bridekirk and 

 Kirtle in the neighbourhood. In the town are also Free Church, 

 United Presbyterian, Independent, and Episcopal chapels, and a 

 school established and endowed by the heritors and burgh co.uncil. 



Annan is by some thought to have been a Roman station. It was 

 held with the whole of Auuandale by the ancestors of Robert Bruce, 

 and the family hail here a stately castle, of which the ruins may still 

 be seen. (New Statistical Account of Scotland.) 



ANNANDALE (Stewartry of), the middle division of the county of 

 Dumfries, and one of the three jurisdictions into which that shire 

 was once divided, the others being Nithsdale and Eskdale. A 

 stewartry is only distinguishable from a sheriffdom as being a district 

 governed by a steward instead of a sheriff. 



ANNA'POLIS, a county of Nova Scotia, in the north-western part 

 of the province, bordering on the Bay of Fundy. It contains six 

 townships, and returns five members to the provincial parliament. 

 The town of Annapolis, then Port Royal, was the capital of the 

 French colony of Acadia ; and when this colony was ceded to England 

 in 1713, and its name changed to Nova Scotia, Annapolis so named 

 in honour of Queen Anne still remained the chief town, which it 

 continued to be until superseded by Halifax in 1750. 



The town of Annapolis, situated in 44 40' N. lat., 65 37' W. long., 

 is built on a peninsula formed where the two rivers Annapolis and 

 Allen discharge themselves into Annapolis Bay. Since the building 

 of Halifax it has lost much of its importance. The government 

 buildings and fortifications have fallen to decay, and the trade of the 

 place is much diminished iu amount. A little revival has however 

 taken place. Steam-boats ply between Annapolis, Windsor, and St. 

 John's, and stage-coaches thrice a week between Annapolis and 

 Halifax. [HALIFAX; NOVA SCOTIA.] 



ANNA'POLIS, a city and port of entry, the capital of the state of 

 Maryland in the United States, is situated on the left shore of the 

 actuary of the Severn in Chesapeake Bay, in 38 58' 50" N. lat., 76 

 29' 26" W. long., 37 miles E.N.E. from Washington : population 

 about 3000. It has been the seat of government for Maryland since 

 1699. A railroad 21 miles in length connects the town with the 

 Elk-Ridge Landing junction at the head of the tide-waters of the 

 Patapscohiva, where it meets the Baltimore and Ohio line, and the 

 branch railway to Washington. The chief building is the state-house, 

 which stands nearly in the centre of the town. The city contains an 

 Episcopal church, a Methodist chapel, a naval academy, and a 

 theatre. St. John's College, a branch of the University of Maryland 

 established here, had 6 instructors, 43 students, and a library of 3292 

 volumes in 1852. The tonnage of the port in 1840 was 4519. 



ANNECY, a lake and city of Savoy in the province of Genevese. 

 The lake is 9 miles long, 3 miles wide, and 190 feet deep ; its surface 

 is 1352 feet above the sea level, and 210 feet above the surface of the 

 lake of Geneva. A small outlet formed by a canal runs north-west- 

 ward from the northern extremity of the lake, and throws itself 

 after a course of about a mile into the Fier, which joins the Rhone 

 opposite Seyssel. The lake is surrounded by beautiful upland and 

 mountain scenery except on its northern side, where it touches an 



