ANXI. 



ANSTRUTHER. 



_ naive plain. Near the middle of the lake is the island of Doing, 

 which is joined to the mainland on the west shore by a causeway, 

 sad contain* a ehatasu and pretty gardens much resorted to by 

 tourists in their excursions to the delightful scenery of the neigh- 

 bourhood. The lake is said to abound in fish, some of which are 

 peculiar to it 



The city of Annecy stands in a plain at the north-western extremity 

 of the lake, SI miles N.N.E. from Chambery and 21 miles a from 

 Geneva : population about 000. It U the capital of the province 

 of OeneTBsc, and a place of very considerable industrial activity. 

 Several of the street* are lined with low arcades and crossed by canals 

 from the lake. The principal building* are th* bishop's palace, the 

 hospital, and the cathedral, in th* sanctuary of which the remains of 

 8V Francis de Sales, one of the bishops of Anneoy, are preserved An 

 old rained castle, formerly the residence of the counts of Geneva, 

 stand* on an eminence above the town. The bishopric of Geneva was 

 liasjsfei i ml in 1585 to Annecy, united to the archdiocese of Chambery 

 m 1801, and restored to Anneoy in 1823. The industrial products of 

 Annecy are giaas, printed cottons, bleached linen, ootton yarn, steel 

 , chemical product*, Ac. In the neighbourhood a valuable coal- 

 is worked. On the Fier are numerous corn, oil, paper, and 

 t mills. The town is ancient : in the 12th oentury it was dis- 

 I by the epithet or, or new, from the place now called 



r-le-Vieux, a village situated on a beautiful hill to the north- 

 the town. The projected railroad from Turin to the French 

 r, by a tunnel under Mount Cenis, is to pass through Chambery 

 ..-. i alM>] 



ANNI, a ruined city in the Kan district of Turkish-Armenia, is 

 situated on the right bank of the Arpa, a feeder of the Araxes, in 40 

 M' N. lat, 48" 84' K. long., at a distance of about 65 miles N.W. 

 from Kri van. It was founded in th* 6th oentury, and became the 

 inslilsiinn of the Armenian kings from the 8th oentury till the year 

 10*4, when it was taken and ravaged by Alp Arslan. The Armenian 

 patriarchs alao resided in Anni from W3 to 1064. The town stood 

 upon an area terminating on two sides in abrupt and rocky declivities ; 

 on the south is a deep ravine, in the bottom of which the Arpa flows ; 

 the area is open towards the north, on which side it is defended by a 

 massive wall flanked with numerous towers. The towers are remark- 

 able for the gigantic nroann formed by huge blocks of red sandttone 

 let into the masonry. The walls, towers, and churches are in good 

 preservation ; so much so, that at a distance the city does not seem 

 illsMtnil Besides the buildings named there are several baths, a 

 mosque, and a palace. AH the public buildings display much 

 splendour and architectural beauty, and the fretwork of the arches is 

 very rich. Some of the churches are decorated with rude wall- 

 paintings representing scriptural and legendary subjects. There are 

 inscriptions on most of the buildings chiefly in Armenian, but some 

 are Turkish. The private houses of Anni are supposed to have been 

 of an humble description, as none of them are left standing, and the 

 whole area on which they stood is covered merely with mounds of 

 loose stones. The city continued to be inhabited till A.D. 1819, when 

 it* rum was completed by an earthquake. 



'<raham's Trnrtlt in Ikt Traiu-C'atuafiaa Pnnnett of Rmtia.) 

 ANNO BOM, or ANNABON, an island in the southern part of the 

 Onlf of Guinea, about 1 W miles W. from Cape Lopes, situated in 1 * 24' 

 8. 1st, 5 SS' K. long., is about 4 miles long and 2 miles broad. It 

 is mountainous, sad rises abruptly from an unfathomable depth to the 

 elevation of nearly 8000 feet ; but with the exception of one precipitous 

 maw the height* are of a rounded form. At the foot of this peak is 

 a small (hallow lake about three-quarten of a mile round, with n 

 bottom of stiff bluish clay. 



The regular winds are from the south-west; the rainy season is 

 confined to April and May, and October and November. The island 

 is chiefly visited for supplies of sheep, goat*, pigs, fish, cocoa-nuts, 

 hails nas, lemons, Seville oranges, Ac. Fowls are scarce. There is 

 plenty of water on the island, but the heavy surf on the shore makes 

 It difficult to procure. The population is about 8000, who live rhictly 

 in a large village near the north-east point of the island, oft' which i's 

 the only tolerably safe roadstead for shipping round it. The houses 

 of the native inhabitant* are small and rudely constructed of rough 

 boards, iaos, mud, and the foot-stalks of the cocoa-nut tree. The 

 Wand was discovered by the Portuguese in 1478, and ceded to Spain 

 in 1778, but the Spaniards never took possession. It is now governed 

 by a native of the island, who is independent of the Portuguese. 



VON AY, the chief town of a canton in the north of the depart- 

 ment of Ardeebe in France ; the seat of a tribunal of commerce, a 

 eommlutive chamber of manufactures, and a statistical society ; is 

 Moated in the fork between the Candle and the Dfome, whi. 1, throw 

 their itnlted waters into the Rhone about 7 miles east of the town ; 

 85 miles & by W. from Lyon : population, ;o.:'.M. The t..u is well 

 fltbat very irregularly, owing to the site which it occupies ; for it 

 ' top* of several small hills as well as the little 

 them. Many of the private house* are very 

 , J public buildings are the g,,tli!.- church ! 

 a structnreof th* 14th oentury j the oollef 

 7th oantwry by Bishop do Raaava; and the towm-hall, in which are 

 boat* of the brethen Mootgolner, to whom also a monument*! obelisk 

 has boon onotod on the square In front of the ooUege. The Mont- 



golden were wealthy paper-manufacturers of the town, and also 

 inventor* of the balloon in which they made the first ascent from 

 Annonay, June 6, 1788. The town possesses a public library of 

 10,000 volume* and collections of natural history and mineralogy. 

 Hut it in chiefly remarkable for its industrial activity, which turns out 

 among it* products woollen cloth, blanket*, woollen hosiery, gloves, 

 silk and ootton yarn, shoe and glove leather, bleached wax, and paper. 

 Paper of every description is manufactured, and the value of the 

 quantity annually exported is stated to be 8,000,000 francs. The 

 preparation of glove-leather is even still more important, giving 

 employment to about 1200 workmen, and yielding NT > \|->rttion 

 annually to the amount of between 7,000,000 and 8,000,000 franca. 

 Annonay has also several flour-mills and breweries, and a good corn- 

 market. The environs are almost entirely laid out in mulberry planta- 

 tions and are famous for the production of the beautiful white silk of 

 which blonde is manufactured. The Canche is spanned at Air 

 by a wire suspension-bridge, the flnt erected in France. The town 

 formerly gave the title of marquis to the house of Rohan-Soubise, of 

 whose castle there are some remains. Annonay has trebled it.- . 

 lation since the commencement of the present oentury, and it is now 

 the most populous town in the department of Anlochc. 



ANNOT. [Aim, BABNBV] 



ANN'S, ST. [BARBADOS*] 



ANSBACH, or ONol.Xl'.Ai'H, formed a portion of the old 

 principality of Ansbach-Kaiivutli. in the southern part of Franconia. 

 In more remote times this principality was an appendage of the 

 Burggraviate of Nurnberg, which fell to the house of Uohenzollern 

 in the 12th century, and subsequently passed into the possession of 

 the Margraves of Brandenburg. It afterwards became the pro]rty of 

 the collateral branch of Uaireuth, and, on the extinction of that 

 branch in 1 72B, descended to the Margraves of Ansbach-Baireuth. 'I In- 

 last of this family, who married Lady Craven, daughter < : 

 Berkeley, in 1767, ceded his inheritance to the king of Prussia, bis 

 feudal lord, in 1791. The latter was compelled by the French 

 emperor to relinquish it to him in 1806 ; and Napoleon shortly after- 

 wards made it over to Bavaria, in exchange for Juliers and Berg. 



ANSBACH, the capital formerly of the principality of Ansbach, 

 now of the province of Middle Franconia in Bavaria, lies in a fertile 

 and richly-cultivated valley, traversed by the river Kczat, and is built 

 round tlie confluence of that river with the Holzbach, 90 miles 

 N.N.W. from Munich and 21 miles S. \V.t'n>m Nurnberg. The town is 

 embellished with handsome squares and buildings; the regularity 

 with which the new town is constructed, combined with the attractive 

 country which surrounds it, renders Ansbach a pleasant resilience. Tin- 

 palace of the former Margraves, a handsome - the lUli.ui 



style, though at present a solitude, retains its gallery of pointings and 

 its library; the grounds, which arc laid out in tin 1 Kimlish style, are 

 still kept up for the recreation of the inhabitants. Annbach is the 

 neat of a court of justice and court of appeal, as well as of a 

 Protestant consistory it' contains a gymnasium, schools of design and 

 music, and a society of arts and manufactures. The church 

 Oumbert, a gothic structure with three towers, is worth notice for it* 

 choir, which is lighted through nine pointed windows (some with 

 painted glass), and for its curious monuments. The old part < 

 town of Ansbach rose up around the abbey to whirli this church 

 belonged. In the graveyard of St. Johann'g Church is the grave of 

 Qaspar Hauser. The principal manufactures are earthenware, tobacco, 

 linen, calico, mixed stuffs of cotton and silk, woollens, and white-lead. 



ANSTUI THKI! KASTKI; and WKSTKli, Hifwhirc. Scotland; 

 two royal and parliamentary burghs, situated on the sea-coast on each 

 ride of the mouth of a snmll rivulet, in 56" 14' N. lat., 2 44' W. 

 long., dUtant about 35 mile* N.K. l>y N. from Kdinhiirgh. 



Anstrutber Easter is < ly the larger place of th- . 



was created a royal burgh in 1583; in > ,,!a.,,l in.- 



government of two bailies and wv, n < mnnllor*, one of whom is 

 provost: the population in 1851 was 114(1. In 1710 it was made a 

 port, and a custom-house was established ; ami in 17.1:1 a quay was 

 erected. The town lies low. mid tln< only good street u that which 

 runs along the quay. Ship building, tanning, and fishing are the 

 chief occupations of the inhabitant*. There: ice,a parish 



church, anil . mvti..n with tl 



Presbyterians, and the I ' - 1 . I>r. <'h:dmcr, mid Professor 



Tennant of St. Andrews, the author of ' Anster Fair,' were natives 

 of Anstnither Easter. 



Anstruther Wester was made a royal burgh in 1587, having 

 n n l.iirRli of barony. In 1851 the population was 865. 

 was<Mn[Hiwered by Act of Parliament to elect nine 

 councillors, of whom two are bailies, for the management of rmn 

 affairs. The parish church is a very ancient structure. The inhabitant* 

 were cealous Covenanters in th, limr of Churles I., and siidered 

 severe loss in the battle of KiKyth in 1645. The town was inj- 

 a great extent by two inundations of the sea, one in 1670, which 

 rluiiir. and another about 20 yean later win, h 

 destroyed a> houses. The rock on whiah the 



town house once Mo., I i , covered by the sea every 

 harbour is shallow ; a little to the westward is a creek, called West* 

 haven, much used in the Ashing season. There is conveyance by 

 steamer from Anstruther to'LeHh, three times in the weak. 



