UUOON 



JUOOB 



i which divides the valley of 

 The town it in form nearly a 



to UM north the great ridge 

 Canfranc from the valley of Tena. 



square, inclosed within it* ancient walla. A citadel, almost as large 

 as UM town itoelf, occupies a separate inclosun a .abort JUUnoe to 

 UM north. The street* of the town an straight and paved, and the 

 homes an tolerably well built It is the see of a bishop, suffragan 

 of Zaragosa, and lyn^'n* a cathedral Tho town was token from the 

 Moon in 795. The road from Huesoa to Jaca U only practicable for 

 mules. jtfeawwMMa, 72 miles E.S.E. from Zaragosa, a small town and 

 fortress, situated in the angle of junction of the Segre with the Ebro. 

 Population, about 3000. Pan'icota, a poor village, is frequented in 

 summer on account of the mineral baths, which are distant about 

 4 miles in the beautiful valley of Tena, It stands about 8500 feet 

 above the sea level, and is one of the highest inhabited spots of the 

 Pjieoue*. TWvseM, 47 miles W. by N. from Zaragosa, stands on 

 the Queilea, which divide* the town into two part*, and is crossed 

 by three stone bridges. It is built on a sloping plain, and u frequently 

 exposed to bleak wind* from the Monoayo, which rises a short distance 

 to the south. It is a fine old town, irregularly built, with narrow 

 street! of tolerably good houses. It is a bishop's see, and contains a 

 gothic cathedral and four parish churches. It possesses also a bishop's 

 palace, a Moorish alcazar, and has beautiful public walks in the 

 vicinity. Population, about 10,000. It was a Roman municipium, 

 and named Turiaso. 



Teriul, the capital town of the province of Teruel, about 120 miles 

 8. by W. from Zaragoza, stands on the east bank of the Turia, at it* 

 entrance into the Guadalaviar. Population, about 8000. The town 

 is surrounded by old walls, with towers and gates. The interior is 

 solid, but dark, owing to the narrowness of the streets. It is a 

 bishop's see, and has a cathedral, which has been disfigured by stucco 

 and other renovations. It contains a beautiful Retablo, by Gabriel 

 Voli, a French sculptor who was employed here about 1538. The 

 former Jesuits' College has been converted into an Auxiliary Seminary. 

 The aqueduct, ' Los Aroos de Teruel,' is a very fine and solid work, 

 by Pierre Ik-del. Venatque, the village which gives name to the 

 valley of Venaeque, contains about 1000 inhabitant*. It stands on the 

 east bank of the Essen, with the Malodeta soaring high above it to 

 the west 



I/atory. Aragon, as well as the rest of the Peninsula, was succes- 

 sively under the dominion of the Carthageuians, the Romans, and 

 the Visi-Goths. The Moors invaded Spain in 711, and in a few yean 

 conquered the whole of Spain and Portugal, with the exception of 

 Asturias, Galicia, and some of the valleys of tue Pyrenees. Pelayo, a 

 Gothic nobleman, became the leader, and afterwards the king, of 

 those who hod retreated to Asturias. About the same period another 

 Gothic government was established aninn- tin- ridges and valleys of 

 the Pyrenees, called the Condado (county) of Sobrarbe. The residence 

 of the Conde (count) of Sobrarbe was generally at Ainsa, which is 

 situated in the angle of junction of the river Ara with the Cinca. 

 Other portions of the Pyrenean districts were successively added, 

 and a Condado de Aragon was established, in addition to the Coudado 

 de Sobrarbe. Meantime large tract* of country and strong towns 

 were conquered from the Moors in the northern and western part* 

 of the Peninsula, and the kingdoms of Galicia, of Oviedo (Asturias), 

 of Leon, and of Navarra, wen successively formed. Sancho III., 

 king of Navarra, had become, by descent or conquest, the possessor 

 of all the kingdom* and minor government* of Christian Spain, with 

 the exception of the kingdom of Leon, which then included Asturias 

 (or Oviedo, as it was then called) and the Condado de Barcelona. 

 Sancho, at his death, in 1035, divided the whole of his possessions 

 among his four sons. Garcia, the eldest, hod Navarra, which was then 

 mode to extend as for as Burgos, in old Castile ; Ferdinand, the second, 

 had Castilla, previously the Condado de Castilla, but then erected into 

 a kingdom ; Gonzalez, the third, had the Condado de Sobrarbe and 

 Ribagorxa, also erected into a kingdom ; and Ramiro, the fourth, had the 

 Condado de Aragon, which was also then first formed into a kingdom. 

 At this period, Zangnza, Huesca, lialhastro, Tudela, and other fortified 

 towns of northern Spain, wen still in the possession of the Moors. 



The following is a list of the kings of Aragon, from tho time of its 

 establishment a* a kingdom to its union with Ontilla under Fernando 

 and Isabel, with the dates of accession, and a few of the moat 

 important event*. 



1085. Kamiro I. of Aragon, fourth son of Sancho III. of Navarra, 

 in 1038, on the death of his brother Gonzalez by assassination, 

 received, in addition, the kingdom of Sobrarbe, which was then 

 merged in the kingdom of Aragon. He was shun at Graos, fighting 

 against the Moorish chief of Zaragota, May 8, 1063. 



1061. Smeko-Xamirat, eldest son of Ramiro, on the death of his 

 brother Sancho IV. of Navarra, in 1076, seized tho kingdom of 

 JJovmrra, and annexed it to Aragon, disregarding the right* 

 brothers two young sons. He was slain by an arrow in 1094, before 

 Huesca, which be was * '-(rtiig 



1094. PrAn /. was proclaimed king on the field of battle. In 1096 



nsumed UMstege of Huesoa, and took it, notwithstanding the aid 



UM Moon by the kinff of Castilla, to whom Huesca wo* 



tributary. He died Sept 28, 1104. 



110. Al/.ne, /., aMond n of Hancho-IUmirez, in 1109 married 

 Omca, daughter of Alfonso VI. of Castilla and Leon, and in the 



ne year, on the death of his father-in-law, took possession of the 

 kingdoms of Castilla and Leon in right of his wife. In 1118 he 

 besieged and took Zaragoza from the Moors, and in 1119 established 

 his court there. In subsequent yean he added to his conquests in 

 Aragou, but lost many places in Castilla. He laid siege to Fraga, but 

 was beaten by the Moors, July 17, 1 134, and .lied Sept 7, leaving no 

 children. Un his death the kingdoms of Navarra and Leon were 

 again separated from Aragon, and given to Garcia, the grandson of 

 Sancho IV. of Navarra. 



1134. Kamiro II., third son of Sancho-Ramirez, was elected to 

 succeed his brother, He was a monk in the monastery of St-Pons- 

 de-Thomiere, in the diocese of Narbonne. Having obtained a 

 dispensation from the Pope, he married Agnes, daughter of Guillaume, 

 \<|iiitaine, and by her had a daughter, Petroniln, in favour of 

 whom, in her infancy, he abdicated his kingdom, leaving her under 

 tlir |.i itection of Raimond-Berenger, Conde de Barcelona, to whom 

 Rainiro had affianced her. 



1137. Petronila succeeded her father at the age of two yean. The 

 Conde de Barcelona governed the kingdom of Aragon under the title 

 of Principe do Aragon. He drove the Moore from Cataluba, and died 

 Aug. 8, 1162. 



1102. Al/uiun II. succeeded his father as Conde de Barcelona, and 

 his mother (who abdicated in his favour) as king of Aragon. He died 

 April 25, 1196. 



1196. Pedro II., eldest sen of Alfonso II., was slain in the battle of 

 Muret, where he was aiding the Comte de Toulouse, Sept 17, \-i\\\. 



1213. Jayme /., son of Pedro II., conquered the island of Majorca 

 from the Moors, and had many wan with the French concerning 

 rights of sovereignty in Cataluba, Rousillon, and other places. He 

 died July 25, 1276. 



l-JT'i. J'ttlro IU., son of Jay me, had married in 1262 Constance, 

 daughter of the king of Sicily, in right of whom, after the massacre 

 called the ' Sicilian Vespers,' he claimed the kingdom of Sicily, made 

 a descent on the inland, and was crowned king of Sicily at Palermo. 

 l'liili|i|N!, king of France, made war on Pedro, but was defeated. He 

 died Nov. 10, 1285, leaving Sicily to his second son, Don Jayme. 



1285. At/onto III,, eldest son of Pedro HI., took Majorca from 

 his uncle, and Minorca and Ivica from the Moors. He died June 18, 

 1291. 



1291. Jayme II., king of Sicily, succeeded his brother as king of 

 Aragon. He resigned Sicily to Charles, king of Naples ; but Jayme' B 

 brother, Federico, in whose charge it had been left, refused to resign 

 it, and succeeded in retaining it He died at Barcelona, Oct 31, l:.-7. 

 :. Alfonto J\'., second son of Jayme, died at Barcelona, Jan. 24, 

 1336. Hia elder brother Jayme had renounced the throne, and was 

 made Grand Master of the Order of Caballeroa de Calatrava. 



1336. Pedro IV., eldest son of Alfonso IV., succeeded his father, 

 and became also king of Sardinia, and conquered from Don Jayme 

 the isles of Majorca, Minorca, and Ivica, His admirals fought several 

 naval battles with the fleuta of Genoa, and he was at war with Pedro 

 the Cruel, king of Castilla. He died Jan. 5, 1 :. 



1387. Juan /., son of Pedro IV., and of Leonora, daughter of 

 Pedro IL, king of Sicily, was lulled by a fall from his hone, May 19, 

 IMS. 



1895. Martin, brother of Juan, established his son Martin at king 



y, who however died in 1409. Martin himself died May 31, 



1410, without children. His death put an end to the family of the 



Condes of Barcelona, who had reigned in Aragou 273 years, from the 



accession of Petronila, 



After tho death of Martin a state of anarchy ensued in Aragon 

 during two years, owing to the wars among the claimant* for the 

 throne, Fernando of Castillo, the Conde de Urgel, the Due d'Anjou, 

 and others. 



1412. Fernando, second son of Juan 1 1. of Castillo, was elected king 

 of Aragon. He died April 2, 1416. 



1416. Alfvnto V., son of Fernando, succeeded his father, and also 

 became king of Naples, Feb. 26, 1448. He died June 28, 1468, with- 

 out legitimate offspring. 



1458. Juan II., king of Navarra, succeded his brother as king of 

 Aragon, thus uniting the two kingdoms of Aragon and Navarra. Ho 

 died Jan. 19, 1479. 



1479. Fernando II. of Aragon succeeded his father as king of Aragon 

 and Navarra ; and having married Isabel, queen of Castillo, and con- 

 quered the Moon in the south of Spain, became the founder of the 

 kingdom of Spain. (SI-AIX. | 



In Aragon, as in the other kingdoms of northern Spain, the inha- 

 bitants enjoyed extensive constitutional rights, which were secured by 

 tli. -ir /<;, or municipal codes of law, by the assembling of the Cortes, 

 and at one jwrioil by the appointment of a great magistrate denomi- 

 nated the Justida, who was the guardian of the laws and the mediator 

 between the king and the people. Liberty of conscience was secured, 

 and the interference of the Pope was successfully resisted. In fact 

 Pedro III. and his sucoesson braved a papal sentence of excommuni- 

 cation during nearly the whole of the 14th century. Afterwards, in 

 1485, the whole population rose to resist the introduction of tho 

 which Fernando attempted to impose on them, put the 

 liiixitor to death, and expelled his agents from Aragon. 



(Minano, IHerionario Gttgrafca at lupa*a y Portugal; Mud.)/, 



