AURIONT. 



AU8TELL, ST. 



ITtentr, a largo village 21 mile* S.S.W. from Aurich on the left, hunk 



,,. -I;.- r. . . .- .. . i .. . dbjrten ' li: - :i1 -"' 



9600 Inhabitant*. It has uraall port on the Emu, and i 

 of the East KrioUnd bone trade. 



ATHKiNV. [AtDEBHrr.] 



AURILLAC, town In France, capital of the department of Cantal, 

 b nttmU-d in a picturesque valley, watered by the river Jourdanne, 

 and stands on the bank of that nver, a little above ita junction with 

 the Core a feeder of the Dordogne, in 44 66' 41" N. lat, 2 26' 22* 

 R long., 266 mile* 'S. from Paris, and has a population of about 

 11,000. 



Anrillae is built on a spot where the lava, so abundant in Auvergne, 

 is covered with calcareous deposit*. The town in not of very ancient 

 date. It is said to owe ita rise to a Benedictine monastery, founded 

 here by St. Oerand in the 9th century ; the monastery was celebrated 

 not only for the sanctity, but also for the learning of its inmates, who 

 had here a famous school. The successors of St. Oerand in the 

 abbacy were lords of the town, and took from it the title of Count. 



Aurillae has wide but irregular streets, which are kept clean by 

 running streams, partly supplied from a large reservoir of spring water 

 above the town, and partly by a canal from the Jourdanne, which aleo 

 drives the machinery of several small factories. The houses are all 

 eorered with slatea obtained from the neighbouring quarries. The 

 town was formerly walled and had six gates, but the fortili 

 have been all demolished with the exception of a portion of the castle. 

 Aurillae was often besieged by the English in the 14th and 15th cen- 

 turies, and it was often taken and pillaged during the religious wan of 

 France in the 16th century. The collegiate church of St. -Oerand was 

 partly destroyed by the Calvinists : the remains show the great 

 of the building. There are three suburbs, St-Etienne, Des-Freres, and 

 Du-Buis. In the suburb of St.-Etieune is a castle on an elevated 

 situation which commands the town and is said to have belonged to 

 the ancestors of St. Oerand ; the abbots who succeeded to St. Gerand 

 held this castle, and it now belongs to the bishop of Clermont, The 

 suburb Des-Freres (which was larger than the town itself ) took ita 

 name from two monasteries which were in it : there was a Jesuits' 

 college in the city. The foundation of St-Gerand already n 

 waa secularised by Pope Pius IV., and the monastery changed into 

 a collegiate church. The principal buildings of the town are the 

 churches of St-Oerand and Notre-Dame ; the Benedictine Abbey 

 is in the suburb of Dn-Buis; the residence of the prefect of tlu> <!.-- 

 partment of Cantal, the corn-market, the college buildings (which 

 contain a public library of 7000 volumes and a mineralogical collec- 

 tion), and the theatre. The town is the seat of tribunals of first 

 instance and of commerce, of a college, and of a society of agriculture, 

 arts, and commerce. At the lower part of the town, along the 

 is a public walk called Le-Qravier and also Cours-Montyon ; at one 

 end of it is a handsome bridge over the Jourdanne, at the other a 

 fountain, surmounted by a column 26 feet high, erected in him 

 M. de Montyon, the celebrated French philanthropist. A national 

 stud is kept near the town, and there is a race-course on which races 

 are held during the first fortnight in June every year. Aurillae is 

 the birthplace of Pope Sylvester II., of Piganiol de la Force, a distin- 

 guished writer on French topography, and of Carrier, the infamous 

 inventor of the Noyades of Nantes, and perhaps the most atrocious 

 monster that the first French revolution cast upon the surface of 

 society. 



The industrial products of Aurfflao are paper, lace, copper uten- 

 sils, jewellery, beer, and leather. There is also a considerable trade in 

 honw, mnlea, cattle, cheese, ftc. 



AI'lUOT. moDCBW-DtJ-RHOKE.] 



A 1 11 1 NO ABAD, a former province of Hindustan, known previously 

 as the province, or soubah of Ahmednuggur and also of Dowl 

 It was situated in the Doccan, between 18* and 21' N. lat, and from 

 the west coast to about 77* E. long. Ita length is estimated at 800 

 miles, and ita breadth at 160 miles. Aurungabad first become a pro- 

 vince of the Mogul empire In 1683, In the reign of Shah Jehan. The 

 province was afterwards divided between the Nizam and the Mahrat- 

 Us, about one-fourth being under the sway of the former and three- 

 fourths under that of the fatter. A Urge portion of it in now British 

 tonltuiy. The former capital of the province was Dowlatabad, but 

 tttepresent capital is Aurungabad. 



The surface of the province la In general mountainous, especially 

 where it is crowed by the Western Ohauta, the hills there riiiing to a 

 considerable height The tract of country which lies to the eastward 

 of the Ohauta, and which includes the largest portion of the province, 

 I. for the most part elevated UMe-land, seldom less than 1800 foot 

 above the level of the sea. 



In ita general character the sofl of the province is fertile, producing 

 abundance of rice. Many European fruita attain to a high degree of 

 Btrfsotton, particularly strawberries, peaches, and grapes ; the grapes 

 it very larn. 



Anrnnpkad contains th sources of several riven ; among othcn 

 "re, the Beema, and the Oodavery. These riven 



!. i ..-:. :: fci ;.,,.t...f On 

 province ""principal towns of the province are Aurungabad, 



2h5Si r 'iE5 UUd l PooMh ' "* B""o m - T 08 inhabitant. 

 an pnncipaUy Hindoos; only about one-twentieth an Mohammedans. 



hratta language is that which is chiefly used, and of this there 

 arc several local dialects. Hindustanee and Fenian are s) > 



.'>; Malcolm's Central Imlia ; iUu- 

 nell's Mrn\i>ir of a Slap of flindotltin.) 



.\ri;i \.; \r.\ii. ,], capital of the province just described, is 

 situated in 19 65' N.lat, 75 26' E. long.; 284 mile* I 

 Bombay, 647 miles N.N.W. from Madras, and 1022 miles W.S.W. from 

 Calcutta. 



Aurungabad was originally a village named Gurka, luit becoming a 

 favourite residence of Aurungzebe during the time when he was ; 

 nor of Candeiah, it speedily rose in importance. For a long tint. 



:uns had shaken off their dc|>endeuce upon the cm, 

 this city continued to be the place of their resid 



Aurungabad in situated in a hollow.on the banks of the r h , T Kowlnh, 

 a mountain stream which separates the city from a 

 suburb called Begum Poora, the communication with which it 

 served by means of two substantial bridges. On tlu- north side is a 

 considerable marsh employed for the cultivation of rice; and 01 

 south-west are the military cantonments. Water is brought by means 

 of stone conduit* from the neighbouring hills, and i* 

 through earthenware pipes to numerous stone reservoin in every part 

 of the city. The principal street is nearly two miles long, . 

 considerable width, with a spacious quadrangle at one extremity and 

 a handsome market-place near it The palace of Aurungsebe, which 

 is now in ruins, covers an extensive space. Here is also a celebrated 

 mausoleum erected by order of that ruler to the memory of his 

 daughter. A considerable traffic is carried on in the bazaar, 

 both European and native goods are exposed for sale : the principal trade 

 is in silk manufactures ; but the city generally is in a declining state. 



(RenneU's Malcolm's Memoir; Feriahta'* //<'". </ nf the 



Deccan ; Fitzclarence's Route through India, and Eyypt to Einjlmul.) 



ATSSA. [ADAU] 



ATSTKI.!., ST., or ST. AUSTLE, Cornwall, a market-town 

 and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the pariah of 1 and 



hundred of Powder, is situated in 50 18' N. lat, 4 47' \V. lone;. ; 

 18 miles S.E. from Truro, and 248 miles W.S.W. from Loud..:: 

 population of the entire parish in 1851 was 10,750. The living is a 

 vicarage in the archdeaconry of Cornwall and diocese of Exeter 

 Auntell Poor-Law Union contains 15 parishes and townships, with an 

 area of 51,439 acres, and a population in 1851 of 31,915. 



The town occupies the side of a hill, and slopes gradually to a 

 email rivulet that waters a narrow valley. The streets are narrow 

 and only partially paved. The church is a handsome Early 1 

 structure, consisting of a nave and chancel, with side aisles separated 

 by clustered pillars. It has a good tower, adorned with singular 

 sculpture; some other parts of the edifice are also fanciful! \ 

 mented. Over the south porch is an inscription in relief, of the 

 meaning of which the Ixwt informed antiquaries seem ;; irioua 



shields of ornaments are carved on the outside of the church ; and 

 from the frequent occurrence of the shovel, hammer, *c., it would 

 Hcem that the miners were the chi. ilding. The 



font is a very ancient one, covered with curious sculpture of grotesque 

 animals. There wag anciently a free chapel at Menactiddle, in tho 



; the baptistery of which, a most beautiful gothi< 

 remains in a perfect state. In the town are places of worsl 

 Independents, Baptists, Wesleyan Methodist*, and other Dissenters. 



\ustell was described by I. eland, in the tit. ,!' Henry VIII., as 

 " a poor town, with nothing notable but the pariah church. ' It first 

 rose to eminence from it* vicinity to the great tin mine of Polgooth 



!'..lgooth is partly in this parish, and 



was at one time esteemed the richest mine ever worked in I'.ri^bind ; 

 it i still productive, the working of it having been recently recom- 

 menced. The town still owes ita principal importance to the i 

 The pariah extends to the coast, though the town itself is a little 

 '.n'.-oid, and there have been harbours formed at Charlestown and 



Pentewan for the convenii m f importing coals from Wales, and of 



exporting the ores and porcelain clay of the district. A little fishing 

 is carried on. A railroad connects the town with (lie liar) 

 I 1 , ntewan. There is a smelting-house at the west en. 1 ..f t lie town 

 and another at Charlestown. There are a dock and a shipwrights' 

 yard at Charlestown, and the manufacture of coarse woollens is carried 

 'n in St. Auiitell to a small extent. At IVntcwan is a stone quarry, 

 from which stone has been got for building many churches and 

 men's seata in the com 



There is a weekly market on Friday for corn and other articles. 



A handsome new market-house has been recently erected. Fain 



. the Thursday in WhiUun-week, and on the 3mh of 



Court (the most con I tho 



Stannary Court*) formerly held here ha* been discontinued. 



The town of St. Austvll, in which part of the parliamentary army 

 under the Karl of Essex had been quartered during the great civil 

 war, was taken by Charles L in the year 1644, a little before the 

 capitulation of that army. 



The old town of St Austell was situated a little to the east of the 

 present town. IU site is still marked by a few cottages. 



(Lysons's Magnn Britannia; Gilbert's Parochial Uittory of Com- 

 vail; Commwicatii,* from St. Aiuttll.) 



