633 



BAIKALEAN MOUNTAINS. 



BAKEWELL. 



834 



of about 150 families of Burates, who are the only inhabitants of the 

 island. The strait which separates it from the continent is only 2 miles 

 wide, but very deep, a line of 100 fathoms not reaching the bottom. 



The name of the lake is said to be derived from the language of 

 the Yakutes, who once inhabited its shores, and at present still call 

 it Bayakhal (Great Sea), and Baikhal (Rich Sea). The Russians name 

 it Sviatoi More (Holy Sea) ; the Chinese, Pe-Hai (North Sea). 



BAIKALEAN MOUNTAINS. [ALTAI MOUNTAINS; ASIA.] 



BAILIEBOROUGH, county of Cavan, Ireland, a small market and 

 post-town, and the seat of a Poor- Law Union, in the parish of Bailie- 

 borough and barony of Clonkee, is situated in a mountainous and 

 secluded district in 53 54' N. lat., 7 1' W. long., 6 miles W. by N. 

 from Kingscourt, and 59 miles N.N.W. from Dublin : the population 

 in 1851 was 1100, besides which there were 23 persons in the fever 

 hospital and 993 in the Union workhouse. Bailieborough Poor-Law 

 Union contains 12 electoral divisions, with an area of 65,909 acres, 

 and a population in 1841 of 38,340, in 1851 of 26,497. 



Bailieborough town has a rather neat appearance, and contains a 

 dispensary, a fever hospital, and a small bridewell. Besides the 

 parish church there are two chapels for Presbyterians, one for Roman 

 Catholics, and one for Wesleyan Methodists. Quarter and petty 

 sessions and a manor court are held in the town. The county con- 

 stabulary and the revenue police have each a station here. The 

 market, which is held weekly, is well attended. Fairs are held on 

 the first Monday of each month. 



BAILLEUL. [NoBD.] 



BAINBRIDGE, North Biding of Yorkshire, a village, and the seat 

 of a Gilbert Poor-Law Incorporation, in the township of Bainbridge, 

 chapelry of Askrigg, parish of Aysgarth, and wapentake of West 

 Hang, is situated in 54 18' N. lat., 2 6' W. long., distant 1J miles 

 S.E. from Askrigg, 55 miles W.N.W. from York, and 247 miles N.W. 

 from London: the population of the township in 1851 wag 814. 

 Bainbridge Gilbert Incorporation contains eight parishes and town- 

 ships, with an area of 63,630 acres, and a population in 1851 of 4928. 



Bainbridge stands near the confluence of the Bain rivulet with the 

 river Ure, which is here crossed by a bridge of three arches. It is a 

 pleasant little village, and is surrounded by much interesting and 

 romantic scenery. Besides the chapel of the Established Church 

 there are places of worship belonging to Wesleyan Methodists and 

 Quakers. Yorebridge Grammar school, near Bainbridge, founded in 

 1601 by Anthony Season, has an income from endowment of 210J. a 

 year, and had 48 scholars in 1852. Baiubridge is believed to have been 

 the Roman station Bracchium. On Borough Hill, at the junction of the 

 streams, are vestiges of a Roman fortress. Aysgarth Force on the 

 Ure, and several other waterfalls, are within a few miles of Bainbridge. 



BA1RAM, or BAIRAM KALESI. [BABA, CAPE.] 



BAIKDSTOWN. [BABDSTOWN.] 



BAIREUTH, or BAYREUTH, the capital of the province of 

 the Upper Franconia, is pleasantly situated in a spacious and fertile 

 valley between the Red Main (which is here crossed by two bridges), 

 and the Mistelbach and Sendelbach, and is about 115 miles due 

 north from Munich : population about 17,000, most of whom are 

 Protestants. Baireuth is an open, cheerful, well-built place, and has 

 six gates, though parts only of its old walls are standing : the streets 

 are broad, regular, and well-paved ; and it is embellished with gardens, 

 groves, promenades, and public fountains, three of which on the great 

 market-place are adorned with statues. The finest street is the Fried- 

 rich Strasse, in which are the post-office and gymnasium. The most 

 remarkable buildings in Baireuth are the old palace, which is now 

 converted into government offices, and a residence of the provincial 

 governor; the new palace, which contains a gallery of pictures, and 

 is embellished with gardens ; the chancery buildings, a handsome 

 opera-house, the riding-house, the barracks, the mint, and hunting 

 establishments, now converted into schools, in the same way as thu 

 orphan-house has been appropriated as a gymnasium ; the town-hall, 

 the market-place, with threo handsome fountains, a lunatic asylum, 

 an infirmary and an hospital, a house of correction, and a hall for the 

 exercise of the gun and bow. Besides the palace-church and a gothic 

 church erected in 1446 inhonourof St. Mary Magdalene, there are six 

 other churches and a synagogue in the town. At the head of the 

 public schools in Baireuth is the Christian-Ernestinum, which taken 

 its name from the margrave who founded it in 1664 ; it has also 

 several private and national schools, and a Jewish seminary. There 

 are tanning-yards, manufactories for making pipe heads, parchment, 

 linen, porcelain and earthenware, cottons, and stockings; and the 

 inhabitants carry on considerable trade in grain and flour. 



Baireuth lire in 49 57' N. lat., 1 1 40' E. long. Outside the old walls 

 are three suburbs, the principal of which is St.-Georgen-am-See. The 

 town i situated within a short distance of the Fichtelgebirge on the 

 east, and the Franconian Switzerland on the west, both of which 

 regions are famous for their picturesque scenery. The road from 

 Baireuth to Nurnberg displays gome of the best scenery of the 

 Frankcn Si liwt-ix. 



A roml bonliTcr] wit!' , iri , than half a mile in 



length, leads to the suburb of Ht.-Georgen-am-See, on the Red Main, 



opposite to Baireuth, and close to the gite of a lake called the 



"nt.iirger Weiber,' which has been drained and turned into 



arable land. The house of correction of Baireuth is situated in this 



GEOO. DIV. VOL. I. 



suburb ; it has a manufactory of playing-cards, and marble works, in 

 which above thirty different varieties of marble from the Fichtelge- 

 birge are sawn and polished. A spring of mineral water, impregnated 

 with iron and sulphur, was discovered here in 1821. The celebrated 

 Jean-Paul Richter died at Baireuth November 14th, 1825, and a 

 monument incloses his remains, over which a bronze statue modelled 

 by Schwanthaler has been recently placed. About 3 miles distant to the 

 eastward are the beautiful park, temple, gardens, and waterworks of 

 the Hermitage. At a short distance west of the town, on the road 

 to Bamberg, is a handsome country-house called the Phantasie, which 

 is inhabited by the Duke Alexander of Wiirtemberg. It contains 

 many interesting works of art, including several statues and busts by 

 the late duchess, the princess Marie of Orleans. The gardens, 

 which are beautifully laid out, are a favourite place of resort with 

 the inhabitants of Baireuth. 



BAISE. [GAROXXE.] 



BA' JA, a large market-town in Hungary, situated near the banks of 

 the Danube, in the north-western part of the circle of Bacs and on 

 the borders of that of Pesth, in 46 10' N. lat, 18 58' E. long. : 

 population about 14,000. It belongs to Prince Grassalkovics, who has 

 a handsome residence here. It carries on a considerable trade on the 

 Danube, has several churches, a diocesan school, a high school, a 

 synagogue, a Catholic gymnasium, and a military store for provisions. 

 It is celebrated throughout Austria for its annual fair, to which 

 immense herds of swine are driven. Much grain and wine are 

 produced in its vicinity. 



BAKEWELL, Derbyshire, a market-town, and the seat of a Poor- 

 Law Union, in the parish of Bakewell and hundred of High Peak, 

 is situated on the left bank of the river Wye, in 53 12' N. lat., 1 40' 

 W. long., distant 24 miles N.N.W. from Derby, and 153 miles N.N.W. 

 from London. The parish comprehends 21 townships : the popula- 

 tion in 1851 was 9897 ;that of the township of Bakewell was 2217. The 

 living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Derby and diocese of 

 Lichfield. Bakewell Poor-Law Union contains 58 townships, hamlets, 

 chapelries, &c., with an area of 94,019 acres, and a population in 1851 

 of 29,881. 



The town of Bakewell is of great antiquity. It is first mentioned 

 in the reign of Edward the Elder, who, according to the Saxon 

 Chronicle, in the year 924 marched with his army from Nottingham 

 to Badecanwillau, which was the original name of Bakewell. Edward 

 in the same year ordered a castle to be built in the neighbourhood. 

 The Castle Hill, a knoll on the right bank of the river Wye opposite 

 the bridge, retains traces of a fortified building. In the ' Domesday 

 Survey, 1 the name of the place is written Badequella, and was soon 

 afterwards corrupted to that of Bauquelle, whence the change to its 

 present name was easy and natural. There is no evidence to prove 

 that Bakewell was a Roman station ; but a Roman altar was discovered 

 in the meadows about a mile south of Bakewell, near Haddon ; it is 

 at present at Haddon. 



William the Conqueror gave Bakewell to his natural son William 

 Peverell. The son of the latter having forfeited all his heritable 

 property in the reign of Henry II., king John soon after his accession 

 to the throne granted the manor of Bakewell to Ralph Gernon ; 

 it came afterwards by purchase into the possession of the Duke of 

 Rutland, in whose family it still remains. 



The town is pleasantly situated on the slope of a hill, in the midst 

 of very beautiful scenery. The streets are paved, and within the 

 last few years they have been lighted with gas, and important 

 improvements have been made in the sewerage and police. The 

 inhabitan*s are to a considerable extent dependent on the annual 

 visiters who resort to Bakewell for the benefit of the warm-baths, and 

 others who make a more or less extended stay here when visiting the 

 scenery of the Peak and of the north of Derbyshire. The Wye in 

 this part of its course is also an attraction to anglers. There are 

 stone and marble quarries at Ashford, and lead mines at some little 

 distance from Bakewell, which afford employment to numerous 

 labourers belonging to the town and its vicinity. The marble, a very 

 beautiful black kind, is wrought here into a great variety of useful 

 and ornamental objects ; and the inlaying of it with a species of 

 mosaic is carried on with great skill. Near the town is a cotton 

 manufactory established by Arkwright ; but of late years it has only 

 been worked occasionally. The market is held on Friday ; there is 

 a second market, for corn and cattle, on every alternate Monday. 



The church, which is situated on an eminence, is dedicated to All 

 Saints ; it is an ancient, handsome, and most interesting structure. It 

 is a spacious cruciform edifice, and exhibits specimens of nearly every 

 kind of gothic ecclesiastical architecture. The western part of the 

 church is exceedingly curious and valuable as an ecclesiastical relic ; 

 parts of it are probably of Saxon date, while the Norman character 

 is visible in all the details, here and there intermixed with portions 

 of early English, &c. Other portions of the building are of the 

 decorated style : the transepts are of the perpendicular style. The 

 lower part of the tower is square, having been restored in 1844 after 

 the model of the old one a plain Norman tower, upon which, 

 probably in the 14th century, an octagonal structure had been raised 

 with a very lofty and elegant spire surmounting it. Tlu's spire and 

 octagonal tower were taken down in 1825-6, having been found to bo 

 unsafe. The present tower and spire are nearly a restoration of what 



8 H 



