BAKKII.I.Y. 



BARI. 



itngliA which it than for the mart part lost, but iU commerce is now 

 somewhat reviving. The town i* celebrated aa being the principal 

 place of aale for a particularly fine description of rice, noted all over 

 Upper Hindiutan for its brilliant whiteness, and known in commerce 

 a* Piltibeet rice. A very elegant mosque waa built here during the 

 dominion of the Rohillas. The towns of BABEILLT, KAMFUOR, and 

 SHAIIJEUAMPOOR are noticed in separate articles. 



The roads and bridges are generally better maintained in Bareilly 

 than in most parts of Hindustan, and the hackery or cart employed 

 for the conveyance of goods is more commodious than that used in 

 the lower province*. The trade with Kumaon, and with the countries 

 beyond to the north, in chiefly carried on by means of goats, which 

 bear their loads to very great distances, even as far as Tibet, across 

 the mountains : this trade consist** principally in chintzes, salt, raw 

 sugar, cotton goods, cutlery, and trinkets. 



The natives of this district are a tall and handsome race of men. 

 Mohammedans and Hindoos are said to be nearly equal in number in 

 this district, but no census or classification has ever been made by 

 which the exact proportions could be ascertained. 



(Mill's Britiih India ; Parliamentary Paptn.) 



BAREI'LLY, the capital town of the district Bareilly, is situated 

 in 28" 23' N. lat, 79" 26' E. long. ; 142 miles E. by S. from Delhi, and 

 805 miles N.W. from Calcutta. This town stands on an elevated spot 

 near the banks of the united stream of the Jooah and Suukra rivers, 

 about 40 miles N.W. from the Ganges. It came into possession of the 

 British in 1801, at the time of the cession to them of the district of 

 Bareilly, and was then made the seat of a civil establishment and a 

 circuit court, having jurisdiction over nine other subordinate districts. 



The town of Bareilly is extensive : when a survey was made in 1822 

 it was found to contain 13,926 houses and shops, and 65,795 inhabit- 

 ants : of these about two-thirds were Hindoos, and one-third Moham- 

 medans. The principal street is nearly 2 miles in length, and the 

 houses, although low (many of them having only one story), are well 

 built : in some other parta of the town the houses are little better 

 than huts. The servants of the East India Company occupy a sort of 

 citadel outside the town. 



The inhabitants of Bareilly show much ingenuity in the manufacture 

 of sword-cutlery and various other objects, such as fine carpeting, 

 embroidery, jewellery, book-binding, and engraving. The town is 

 likewise noted for its brass manufactures and cabinet work ; many of 

 the company's stations in the upper provinces of India are supplied 

 from Bareilly with various articles of household furniture, which are 

 conveniently and beautifully made. 



There is a school at Bareilly under the auspices of the East India 

 Company. From this school, in 1852, there were 48 candidates for 

 the diploma of vakeel, or pleader in the native courts. 



(Rennell's Memoir ; Mill's British. India ; Parliamentary Papart.) 



BARFLEUR. [MAXCHB, LA.] 



BA'RI, TERRA DI, a province in the kingdom of the Two Sicilies 

 nearly coinciding with that part of ancient Apulia which was 

 called Peucetia. It is bounded N. by the Adriatic, E. and S.E. by the 

 Terra d'Otranto, 8. and S.W. by the province of Basilicata, and W. by 

 that of Capitanata, The province lies between 40 45' and 41 19' 

 N. lat, 15 64' and 17 38' E. long. : its length is about 80 miles, its 

 average breadth about 30 miles. The area is 2358 square miles, 

 and tl.o population in 1845 was 491,331. The greater part of the 

 province lies north of the ridge of the Apennines, which breaking off 

 from the main chain in the north-west of the province of Basilicata 

 runs in an easterly direction to the extremity of the Terra d'Otranto. 

 Several of its ridges are bare and barren, especially those called the 

 Murgie di Minervino, and the farther east the Murgie di Oravina ed 

 Altamura ; but the greater part abounds in pasture. A small portion 

 of the province lies on the southern tlopes of this ridge. The chief 

 river is the Ofanto, the ancient Aufidus, which runs on the western 

 border of the province. There are several lakes, the principal of which 

 are those of Battaglia, Jaoomi, and Butane, which neither receive any 

 streams nor have any known outlet The temperature is mild and 

 healthy, except in rammer when the heat is excessive and dries up the 

 springs ao that the want of pure water is then severely felt The soil 

 in the plains, which cover a great part of the province, especially along 

 the seaboard, consists of a deep and very rich vegetable mould resting 

 on a calcareous subsoil. Agriculture is the chief occupation of the 

 inhabitant*. From the town of Bari northward great quantities of 

 wheat are grown. Two kinds of it are cultivated, the common wheat 

 for bread, and a small-grained bard wheat (grano duro), which is pre- 

 ferred for maccamni, and is exported to Naples and elsewhere under 

 the name of Barletta corn, from the harbour of Barletta where it is 

 hipped. The principal farmers of this part of the province have 

 formed themselves into a company so that the corn trade of Barlntta 

 b entirely in their hands. After providing for seed and their home 

 consumption they hold their surplus corn in readiness to send to 

 Barletta, where a register is kept of the quantity which each has to 

 ell. In the neighbourhood of the town of Bari the culture changes 

 from corn to the olive, and the oils of Bari are reckoned at Naples the 

 beet in the kingdom. In the eastern and southern parts of the province 

 only enough corn for the consumption i grown, the farmers' chief 

 owe being here also the olive; but the oils are only nf ordinary quality. 

 The other crops are tobacco, cotton, flax, almonds, currants, carobs, 



and other fruit*. Capers, liquorice, and the soda plant are also abun- 

 dantly grown. The best wines ore those of Trani, Bitonto, and Terl i/.zi. 

 Among the domestic animals, aases, goats, and pigs are numerous ; 

 the horses are small ; buffaloes, and sheep famous as in ancient times 

 for their fine wool, are reared. A little silk is produced. The fisheries 

 and saltworks along the coast are very valuable. The province has no 

 manufactures of importance ; but ship-building is carried on in most 

 of the towns along the coast The trade is chiefly carried on by sea 

 with Naples, Venice, Trieste, and the coast of Dalmatia, and consists 

 of the agricultural products mentioned above. The principal road in 

 the province is that which runs along the coast, and forms part of the 

 Cammino de Puglia, or the great Apulian road from Naples to Utranto ; 

 it coincides with the ancient Appian Way from Bari to Monopoli, 

 whence the modern road runs more inland. There are also good cross- 

 roads from Bari to Altamura, from Altamura to Qravina, and trm 

 Bari to Monopoli; besides several others, all admirably const i 

 and well kept 



Towia. ALTAJIUBA, BARLETTA, and BARI are noticed in separate 

 articles. Of the other towns we shall notice first such of them as are 

 on the coast 



Baceglia, 21 miles N.W. from Bari, built on a promontory defended 

 by well-constructed fortifications, is the seat of a bishop, and has ! 

 inhabitants. The coast-rood runs under the walls, but does not 

 the town. There are several pretty villas and country houses in the 

 neighbourhood, which is celebrated for its currants. The olive and 

 the vine are also cultivated here. Besides a cathedral ami two col- 

 legiate churches the town has several other churches, two monasteries, 

 an hospital, and an ecclesiastical college. Hain-waU-r is presen 

 cisterns for the supply of the town. The harbour is accessible only 

 fur small craft. 



Giovenaszo, a town of 7000 inhabitants, is situated 12 miles W.N.W. 

 from Bari, on a peninsular rock which forms a small harbour. The 

 town is surrounded with walls, and is famous for its hospice or asylum 

 founded by Ferdinand I., in which above 500 children arc 

 and instructed in trades. In a separate part of the estahlixlnm-nt 

 young folks imprisoned by the laws are taught trades ami in 

 reformatory discipline. Near Uiovenazzo the country presents a suc- 

 cession of vineyards, olive-grounds, almond and corob plantations, and 

 corn-fields. 



Mlit. 13 miles E.S.E. from Bari, is built on a low point of land 

 which U indented with three small creeks, and flanked by two open 

 roadsteads with ten feet of water. Small coasters loud and unWil in 

 the creeks. The town is ill-built ; the street* ore narrow and crooked, 

 and many of the houses are falling to decay. The inhabitant*, who 

 number 9300, carry on some coasting trade. 



Molfdta, an episcopal town, situated 15 miles W.X.W. from Bari, U 

 beautifully situated on the sea-shore, and has 17,000 inhabitants. It is 

 surrounded by walls, and contains many handsome houses distinguished, 

 like those of all the towns along this coast, by the perfection of tln-ir 

 masonry. The shore-road passes along the walls, but does not 

 the town. The inhabitants of Molfetta have been always dieting 

 for their commercial activity and spirit A mole and natural break- 

 water form the harbour, by which a considerable trade in com, nil, 

 almonds, and other produce is carried on. Among the public Imild- 

 ings of the town are a cathedral and several other churches, a castle, 

 and a college. Linen and saltpetre are named among its manufac- 

 tures, and there are slips for building small counting vessels. In the 

 limestone stratum near the town are many oval caverns which seem to 

 be hollowed out in tiers resembling the boxes of a theatre ; one of 

 these, called the Nitre Cavern, is 1400 feet in circumference and 

 112 feet deep. Nitre is found in all these caverns, and is a source of 

 considerable revenue to the crown. 



Monopoli, 26 miles S.E. from Bari, is a well-built episcopal town of 

 15,000 inhabitants, many of whom are opulent proprietors. It is 

 built on on eminence above the sea, and like most of the other coast- 

 towns is fortified. Linen and cotton are manufai 'tun d, ami these 

 with oil and wine are the chief articles of trade. The bishop of M..n.. 

 poli is a suffragan of the Holy See. Six uiiles south-east from Mono- 

 poli is a tower called Torre <f Agnazzo, which murks the site of ih. 

 ancient (inatia. The commentators on a passage in Horace (' Sat' 

 i. 98), which most probably they do not interpret aright, all agree 

 that this town had a poor supply of good water. The article is now most 

 abundant there, and one of the fountains, called Fonted' Agnazzo, 

 of the finest in the country. The ruins of the ancient city extend from 

 the Torre d' Agnazzo inland towards Fasauo. In the sepulchres of 1 1n- 

 vicinity numerous vases, terra-cottas, and other relics have been 

 found, as well as a few inscriptions in the Messapiau dialect 



PoUgnano, 20 miles S.E. from Bari, stands on a high cliff command- 

 ing fine views of a rich and highly-cultivated country. 'I 

 which the town is built is hollowed out into caverns by the sea : 

 population, 6000. 



TV-ant, 27 miles N.W. from Bari and 7 miles S.E. from Barletta, is 

 a fortified archiepiscopal town of 13,300 inhabitants. The fortifi- 

 cations were built by Frederick II. The harbour is circular, and sur- 

 rounded by fine stone quays, which are backed by handsome houses. 

 Trani was a celebrated port in the time of the Crusades, and the 

 Templars had an honpital in the town. The harbour in now accessible 

 only for small croft in consequence of the accumulation of mud. The 



