



r.miGATE. 



state for many years its repair was undertaken by a Mr. Chapman in 

 1572, continued by the munificence of Thomas Bellot, steward of tho 

 boiuehold of Queen Elizabeth, and was nearly completed by Buhop 

 Montagu* about the year 1609. The most striking object in the 

 r u Prior Birde's Oratory, a highly enriched work; it was 

 restored by Mr. Davia in 1 S33, in exact conformity with the original 

 design. Previous to 1834 every pier in the church was surrounded 

 with monumental tablets, placed in the most incongruous manner ; 

 the body of the church was irregularly pewed ; the galleries had 

 boarded backs and glaxed doors ; and there were decorations in the 

 Roman style behind the communion-table. In that year the corpo- 

 ration employed an architect of the city, Mr. Manners, to restore 

 many parts of the interior and exterior of the church to their early 

 state. The church contains monuments by Flaxman, Bacou, Nullekens 

 and Chantrey. 



Besides the Abbey-church there Are about 20 churches and epis- 

 copal chapels in Bath. A church dedicated to St Michael wa in 

 existence more than fire centuries ago ; the present church of St. 

 Michael's is believed to be the fourth erected on the same site. St. 

 James's church waa almost rebuilt in 1844, and much enlarged. 

 St. Matthew's church ia a new structure, built to accommodate 1250 

 persona. St Saviour's church, in the decorated style, was built in 

 1832. St Stephen's church, recently built, is also in the decorated 

 style. 



' )f the Roman Catholic, Independent, Presbyterian, Wesleyan Metho- 

 dist, and other chapels not belonging to the Establishment, several 

 are Urge and handsome buildings. Among the- most recent are a 

 Wesleyan chapel, in the decorated style, built in 1847, and a Moravian 

 chapel erected about the same time. 



The principal school in Bath is the Free Grammar school, founded 

 by Edward VI., and endowed with part of the lauds of the dissolved 

 priory. It was designed for the gratuitous instruction of the children 

 of the townsmen, without distinction of rank. In recent times the 

 number of free scholars has become very small, while that of day 

 scholars and boarders has increased. The school-house, built by the 

 corporation about a century ago, is a large and handsome building. 

 T he income from endowment is 842. a year. The number of scholars 

 in 1851 was 37, of whom 10 were free. A Wesleyan college, called 

 New Kingswood, has been recently built from designs by Mr. James 

 . ; it is in the Tudor stylo, with school-rooms, chapel, diniu,'- 

 hall, governor's house, and other offices. The pariah schools of \\ .il.-ot 

 St Switbin's, by the same architect, are built to accommodate 1000 

 children. National and other schools are numerous in Bath. 



There are charitable institutions in this city of ancient and modern 

 date of every kind. The oldest it the Hospital of St John, founded 

 in 1180 by Reginald Fitzjocelyne, as it is said, for the benefit of the 

 sick poor resorting to Bath. The beneficiaries now are a master, six 

 brethren, and six sisters ; the endowments are large and the patronage 

 in in the corporation. The chief establishment for the sick poor is 

 called the General Hospital, opened in 1748 ; it in well endowed and 

 is regulated by act of parliament No patient can be admitted unless, 

 previous to his coming to Bath, his case has been certified to be 

 proper for the trial of the hot waters ; and no inhabitant of Bath 

 was admitted into it till 1835, when this rule was modified to some 

 extent There were 458 patients discharged cured from this hospital 

 in 1847. There is another large hospital called the United General 

 t*l. or Casualty and Dispensary, which afford* to the nick | ..; 

 of the city the advantages of the use of the hot waters, and gives 

 i stance in cases of ordinary illness and casualty. Among the 

 other charitable institution* of the city are the Lepers' Hospital, the 

 Hospital of St John the Baptist, St Catharine's Hospital (one of the 

 oldest building* in the city, repaired in 1845), and the Kaitern Dis- 

 pensary, built in 1845. 



The vestry of the Abbey-church contains a small collection of 

 books and some ancient manuscripts. In 1826 a Literary and 

 Scientific Institution was founded, with a library, museum, labora- 

 tory, and lecliire-r>"'in ; tin 1 building iUelf in a handsome structure of 

 the Dork) order, and the content* of the museum, especially the 

 Roman relics, are very valuable. The Bath and West of England 

 Society after having been established for several years broke up their 

 establishment for want of sufficient support, and transferred their 

 library, Ac., to the Commercial and Literary Institution, where their 

 nvxrtings are now held. There is also an atbencuin at Bath. 



The Bath Union workhouse is situated about a mile and a half 

 south of the city, on Odd Down. The Bath city jail, situated about 

 a mile west of the city, has all the accommodations provided by the 

 modern prison-system. The town-hall was built in 1780; it contains 

 various apartment* suitable for the office* connected with the govern- 

 ment of the city. A commodious market extends in a horse-shoe 

 form behind the town-hall : the entrance being through tho wings 

 on either aide of the Guildhall. The gaieties of Bath are celebrated, 

 but have much declined during the last thirty yean. The Assembly 

 Kooras are a handsome suite, tho ball-room being nearly 106 feet 

 by 43 feet, and 42 feet 6 inches high, and the tea-room 70 feet by 27 

 feet ; they wen erected by Wood, at an expense of 20,0001., rawed 

 by 70 subscribers. 



The remarkable peculiarity of Bath is its natural hot springs. 

 These were known to the Roman*, who built baths on the spot; very 



remains of the Koman baths were discovered in 17...".. The 

 monks of the abbey, probably unaware of the pro-existence of the 

 Koman baths, built tho monastery on their site, erecting baths : 

 ing Stall's church-yard, where the great Pump-room now t^ml The 

 hot springs are four in number, and rise near the centre of the 

 and, with the exception of a spring belonging to Lord Mauvers, are 

 vested in the corporation. The temperature of three of the springs is 

 :i.- follow* :- -Hot Bath 117, King's Bath 114, and Cross Bath 109* 

 of Fahrenheit, yielding respectively 128, 20, and 12 gallons a minute. 

 The specific gravity of the water is V002. As it flows from the earth 

 it is transparent, but in a short time yields a slight precipitate and 

 loses its transparency. \Vh.-n freh drawn it lias a slight chalybeate 

 taste. The King's Bath is 60 feet 11 inches in length, and 40 feet in 

 breadth, and the Queen's Bath, a square of 25 feet, is suj 

 it The daily quantity of water discharged into these basins is 1 f- 

 gallons. There are private baths attached to the Hot and the I 

 Bath, admirably arranged and constructed, and capable of having 

 their temperature regulated. Bathing U far from being a practice 

 among the inhabitants. According to the analysis of Mr. It. Phillips, 

 a quart of the water contains 



Carbonic acid . 

 Sulphate of lime 

 Muriate of sad* 

 Sulphate of nod* . 

 Carbonate of lime 

 Silica . 

 Oxide of iron . 



Loss 



1-4 



18- 

 6-6 

 3- 

 1-6 



4 



i, 



20-60394 

 39006 



JO- 



IT.. :-. 



A considerable "quantity of carbonic acid gas escapes through the 

 water. Taken internally the water acts as a stimulant Its use is 

 most successful in cases of palsy, rheumatism, gout, leprosy, cutaneous 

 disease, and especially in coses of scrofula affecting the joints, auch as 

 the knee, elbow, hip. The buildings connected with tin 

 pump-rooms have been erected at various periods. The whole of 

 them, with the exception of the Kingston baths, were until lately 

 under the jurisdiction of the corporation ; but they are now held by 

 (In 1 !- parties as tenant*. 



I'.atli is well provided with public walks and o]'ii public pUre.,. 

 Victoria Park, opened by her present Majesty when Princess Vi. 

 in 1830, was formed by public and corporate subscription ; it lies on 

 the western margin of the city, and ia well laid out In Bathwick, 

 immediately to the east of the city, on the bank* of the Avon, was 

 situated Old Spring Gardens, one of the most cclebrat, I |.nl.li,- places 

 of resort in the last century. When tin- land in the vicinity became 

 o valuable that it was desirable to build over a portion of i 

 gaieties of Spring Gardens were transferred to Sydney Gardens, which 

 have been among the pleasure-spots of tin .:;. .,inee 1795. Tin- 

 flower-shows of the Bath Horticultural Society arc In Id alternately 

 in Sydney Gardens and in Victoria Park. There are two cemeteries 

 at Bath the Abbey and the Lansdown cemeteries : the first wan 

 formed by the Hon. and Ucv. \V. .1. I'.rodrick, tlie rector of 

 at his own expense, for the use of tin- Al-b.-y pari-h ; the second 

 has been recently formed on tho Bockford nutate, the 



KM f .r that purpose in 1847 by the l>iicli<:*.> of Han 

 daughter of Mr L Beckford. Beckford's Tower, Hitunted about a mile 



ligh. It once 

 art and litera- 



aw> !- i 



being degraded into a beer-shop in 1847, when it was sold by am 



i. -lies* of Hamilton rcpim-liaxcd it, and presented it. to the rector 

 ( .f Walcot, who converted it into a chapel for I 



Then! are few manufactures of importance in this city. Bati 

 f oi-ii.. i-l\ celebrated for its cloth, and at t 



iil looms were employed in the parish of - " Pi; but the 



cloth trade of the went of England ha.-, ,-ince been removed t.. other 

 towns. The paper-mill* in the neighbourhood are of some note. Tim 

 city i* well supplied with coal from cxt. lying a few mile* 



distant. The river Avon was made navigable to Bristol under an Act 

 of the 10th Anne; and there is water communication with London 

 by the Kcnnet and Avon Canal, which joins the Thames at Ri 

 The Great Western railway ha* a commodious station at Hath, n In. h 

 places the city in connection with the east and west; and tin- \\ Ji -. 

 Somerset, and Weymouth railway places it in easy comniun 

 with the clothing towns of Somerset and Wilt* There are several 

 bridges over the Avon in and near Bath, one of which is a suspension 

 bridge, of elegant ' -u, near Victoria Park. 



(Coll; '.ii/Xauitrtt/ ; Ly*oii'* Keliquiai Romatiir . \\ 



i l',.ith ; \V /./ion of Rath ; Tunstall's Bambla about 



Iiatk, 1848; Land IIV /.,>.- In, vol. iii. ; Plant, Elrnttiuii*, <<<. af Jlu/li 

 Abbey Church, publmhed by the Society of Antiquaries, 1798 ; Parlia- 

 mentary I'apcri ; Communication from liath.) 



i:\-lll.i ' -.] 



BATHGATK, l.inlithgowshire, Scotland, a town in the parish of 

 Bathgate. The town stands nearly iu the centre of the parish, iu 



daughter ot Mr. JiecKtoro. JBecKlora s lower, situatea about a i 

 north-west of Bath, is a quadrangular tower 154 feet high. It . 

 contained a magnificent collection of objects relating to art and lit 

 ture belonging to the late Mr. Beckl'ord ; but it narrowly esca 



