BKAUMARIS. 



BKAUVAIS. 



nd usually lud 24 men under him. There is nothing remarkable 

 in the *rly history of the castle, except the frequent quarrels 

 between the garrison and the inhabitant* of the vicinity, whose com- 

 plaint* ultimately occasioned the removal of the garriaon in tliu time 

 of Henry VII. In the year 1642 the castle was garrisoned for 

 Charles I., for whom it was held by Colonel Bulkeley, the son of Lord 

 Bulkeley the constable, until 1648, when it capitulated on honourable 

 terms to General Mytton. The estimated annual expense of the 

 garrison in 1653 amounted to 17031. It was soon after dismantled. 



The castle was purchased of the crown by the late Lord Bulkeley 

 for 10001 It is now the property of Sir It. li. William*, Bart A 

 fires-court and bowling green have been formed within its walls for 

 the amusement of residents at Beaumaris. 



When Edward I. built the town he surrounded it with walls, made 

 it a corporation, and gave it great privileges and some valuable lauds. ' 

 Among the privileges the following are mentioned : That the 

 inhabitants should have a 'free prison' in the castle; that no Jews 

 should dwell in the town ; that if any of the burgesses died testate 

 or intestate their goods should not be forfeited to the king, but 

 should be enjoyed by their heirs. The town did not however send 

 any member to Parliament until the reign of Edward VI. 



Beaumaris seems to have flourished under the royal favour, and to 

 have attained some commercial importance ; for Sir John Wynne, iu 

 characterising the inhabitants of the three castellated towns of the 

 Menai, upwards of two centuries ago, speaks of "the lawyers of 

 Caernarvon, the merchants of Beaumaris, and the gentlemen of 

 Conwny." An inference to the same effect has been made from the 

 local tokens which were at a somewhat later time in use among the 

 opulent tradesmen as a substitute for copper coin, a practice at that 

 time common in places of considerable traffic. Beaumaris has no 

 longer any trade or manufacture, but it is much resorted to during 

 the Mason for sea-bathing. The bay before the town affords good 

 anchorage for ships, having 7 fathoms' water at the lowest ebb. 

 Vessels often find security there in hard gales, and occasionally 

 undergo repairs upon the beach. The vessels registered as belonging 

 to the port on December 31st, 1852, were as follows : under 50 tons 

 135, tonnage 4132 ; above 50 tons 118, tonnage, 16,870. During 

 1852 there entered and cleared at the port, in the coasting trade 

 inwards, 1689 sailing vessels, tonnage 74,143, and 517 xteam vessels, 

 tonnage, 130,058: outwards, 481 sailing vessels, tonnage 19,394, and 

 49 steam vessels, tonnage 183,336 : colonial and foreign trade 

 inwards 18, tonnage 7699 ; outwards 23, tonnage 5760. 



The town of Beaumaris consists of several streets, of which one, 

 terminated by the castle, is well built; the houses are in general 

 neat, and the streets well-paved and clean. The chapel dedicated to 

 the Blessed Virgin had formerly one aisle distinguished as the chapel 

 of St Mary, the other being known as that of St. Nicholas : it is now 

 called exclusively by the former name. It is a spacious and rather elegant 

 structure, consisting of a chancel of the perpendicular style, nave and 

 aisles of the decorated style, with a lofty square tower, all of them 

 embattled. It was formerly a chapelry attached to the parish of 

 Llandegfan, but is now a distinct parish church. There in early 

 morning service in the English language in the church. The Wesleyan 

 and CaTvinistic Methodists, Independents, and Baptist* have places 

 of worship in the town. In the year 1603 a Free school was founded 

 and liberally endowed at Beaumaris by David Hughes, Esq., a native 

 of Llantrisaint in Anglesey. The income from endowment is about 

 fiOOt a year, and the school is free nominally to all the world. It 

 possesses two exhibitions for either university, -a scholarship at Jesus 

 College, Oxford, and an interest in one fellowship. There are a head 

 master and four other teachers. The number of scholars in 1852 

 was 4 2. Among the other establishments for education is an extensive 

 National school Adjoining the town arc almshouses for 10 poor 

 penton*. six of whom are indebted for tlicir provision to the founder 

 of the Free school; the other four were added by the last Lord 

 Bulkeley. 



The town-hall is a commodious modern structure ; the basement 

 story contains shops. Above, besides the apartments for the tran- 

 saction of municipal business, is a handsome room which forms the 

 finest ball-room in the principality. There is also a county-hall, a 

 county-prison, and a custom-boose, which is the comptrolling-office 

 not only to the different ports of Anglesey, but to those on the 

 Caernarvon aide of the Menai. An hotel on a scale of unusual 

 magnitude was erected a few yean ago by Sir It. II. W. liulkelcy, 

 Bart, the chief proprietor of Beaumaris. Many handsome new houses 

 have also been built An excellent pier has been carried out to low- 

 water mark, for the use of the steamers which ply between Beaumaris 

 and Liverpool, and Menai Bridge and Caernarvon. The market is on 

 Saturday; there are fain on February 13th, Holy Thursday, Sep- 

 tember 19th, and December 19th, for cattle. Near the town is a 

 ferry, which belonged to the crown until the reign of Elizabeth, who 

 panted it to the corporation. The other five ferries of the Menai 

 bad previously been transferred to private hands by Henry Mil 

 The last Lord Rulkeley, who did much for the improvement of 

 Beanmarw, made a fine road at his sole expense from the town along 

 the banks of the Menai to the Meiiai Bridge, a distance of 4J miles. 



Adjoining the castle are the grounds of Baron Hill, the spacious 

 mansion of Sir It. B. Williams Bulkeley, Bart, M.P. ; the grounds are 



extensive, and afford prospects of exceeding beauty over the Menai 

 Strait and the Snowdon Mountains, as well as seaward. All the 

 walks in the park are open to the public a great boon to the 

 inhabitants of Beaumaris and to strangers who visit the town. 



(Pennant's Tour in Walt* ; Grose's Anlit/mtirt, vol iv. ; llingley's 

 i'.ccurtion* in North Wait* ; Parry's Cambrian Mirror , 

 Lire In, vol. iii. ; Communication from Hraumaru.) 



BEAUMON'T. [H.M.x.vfLT ; DUBDOOSE ; Pur-DE-D6ME; TABH-ET- 

 GARONNE; EURE ; SIMNK-KT-OIMK; SAIITIII:.] 



r.K.U'NK, an old liurgundian town in the department of Cote-d'Or 

 in France, is built at the foot of a hill on the little river Bouze< : 

 47 li' N. lat, 4 50' E. long., at a distance of 320 miles S.I-:, l.y S. 

 by railway from Paris, and 23 miles S. from Dijon, and has a popula- 

 tion of 10,977. The town is well built, the streets are straight, ami 

 kept clean and cool by running streams and fountains. It was fin 

 fortified and had several gates. The ramparts still r.-m ua : they are 

 planted with trees and form an agreeable promenade. The lust of the 

 ancient gates, that of La-Madeleine, was pulled down in ls:i7. The 

 church of Notre-Dame, founded by Duke Henri of Burgundy in S'"ii, 

 is considered the finest in the department after the cathedral of Dijon. 

 The church of St.-Pierre was completed in 1098; in its erection tin- 

 materials of an old heathen temple were used, and representations of 

 pagan sacrifices and inscriptions in Roman character are still seen on 

 the pillars of this church. The hospital, founded and endowed by 

 Chancellor Rollin in 1443, is a beautiful gothic building. Tin- other 

 remarkable objects in the town are the tin >atn -. tin M,I.,,. K.tha, the 

 public library in which there are 10,000 volumes, n beautiful fountain 

 called L'Aigue, and a large public garden. Beaune is the seat of a 

 tribunal of first instance and of commerce, and has a college and 

 an agricultural society. It wax formerly the residence of several of 

 the dukes of Burgundy, and the first session of the parliament of 

 Burgundy was held in it. The environs of Beaum- produre Burgundy 

 wines of the first class, and contain several stalactitio grottoes. A 

 cascade 80 feet high is seen at Nolay, the birth-place of Carnot, at a 

 short distance from Beaune. 



Broadcloth, serge, druggets, and great numbers of wine-casks are 

 made. There are beet-root sugar refineries, vinegar-works, dye-houses, 

 breweries, and tanneries in the town, the trade of which consists in 

 the products named, and in corn, cattle, and provi.-ions. Beaune 

 exports annually about 40,000 butts of wine. This town is a first- 

 class station ou the Poris-Lyon-Avignou railway, which is uov. 

 to Chalon, 20 miles south from Beaune. 



(IHctionnaire tie In Prance, 1845.) 



BEAUNE-LA-UOLLANDE. [LoiBET.] 



BEAUPREAU. ( MAIXK-KT-LOIKK.J 



BEAUREGARD-L'EVEQUE. [PuY-DE-D6ME.] 



BlvVfREPAIRE. [ISEBE.] 



BEACSSI-:. [Iti-Ai. 



BKAUVAIS, an aneient i-pisi-op.il city of Pic.irdie, now the c 

 of the department of Oise iu France, stands iu 49 '.!' 

 long., at a distance of 45 miles N. from Paris, 16 miles from the 

 Clermont station on the Northern ol' 1-Yamv railway, mid has a popu- 

 lation of 1:!.:<-.V It is situated in a fertile valley surrounded by 

 wooded hills, on two little rivers, the Avelou and the Theram. whi.-h 

 meet in the (".-, n ami throw their united waters into the Oise, a little 

 south of the town of C'rcil. Beauvais is not a well-built town. The 

 streets are neither straight nor regular. The houses are generally 

 luiilt of wood; they do not stand in line, and some have the gable-end 

 towards the street : many of them have the exteriors decorated with 

 curious carvings and sculptures in wood. Beauvais was formerly sur- 

 rounded with ramparts and ditches ; but these have disappeared and 

 given place to beautiful promenades planted with trees. In the 

 interior of the town there is a part called ' la cite*,' which bears marks of 

 great antiquity : it is of a square form, begirt with massive walls 7 

 feet thick, and flanked with round towers. These walls are said to 

 date from Roman times. The sul'urh !.< Thil, or St. l,nri> 

 taincd the abbey of St-Lucii-M, founded l>y I'hilde)" rt in I 

 century. The Abbey-church, situated on a hill eo\,r>.l with 

 contained statues of all the kings and queens of th. M.T"\ ingiaii 

 dynasty and a multitude of us object*, all of 



which were dispersed or destroyed at the Revolution. Beauvais con- 

 tains several fine public buildings. The cathedral is greatly admin .1 

 for its facade in the street of and for the vast size, great 



elevation, and delicacy of structure of its interior. The exterior view is 

 not imposing. The interior consists of a nave and choir merely, for 

 though commenced in the 13th century it has never been finished. 

 The choir is 53 feet wide between the walls, 117 feet long, an. 1 I..:', 

 feet high, being the loftiest in the world. The interior is lighted 

 through painted windows of the best period of glow-paint n 

 decorated with beautiful silk tapestry representing scriptural sul 



Mull of St.-Kt icnne is famous among archaeologist* for its 

 sculptures and its magnificent windows, and is considered a fine spc- 

 ii.fii of the Renaissance style. The town-house forms one side of a 

 large square ; it is an elegant modern structure, and presents by its 

 regularity a striking contrast with the houses near it The episcopal 

 palace was rebuilt in the 15th century, and resembles with its girding 

 walls and towers a little fortress. The college is established in 

 the former Unmlino Convent, a large and commodious building. 



