BOLIVlv 



UM Aad*e*eet to farai aaiagband 

 leUera MtmaHj of Chfli; bat to the 

 ' ft be. UMT. b aa 



to. U|w (I*' *V K bit; UM 



_ * -^ -- -- /^^t^J^-l -J - 4 i ft-*.* * Z ' 



eT ^Va^ tJeBMBBWc ^^VMaVMMarfa irVBaw wD *| ,v*4 B V rWfc 



TW J..ICT rM% catted UM Kawm 0rJilbra.or Oordflbra Real 



HMfflB CTVaH tlM fata*lStaBJaVlaJeH Mrth Of PofOO (19 VvjL MM Of 



niliealli. and UMceb- 

 pitoit. FmmthNpouit 



i er OMTO of Potooi abo betoaf* to N. 



ew aerta. laaWa* * Hihte to Itevnl. to the Kwndo 



ebveawa ef 1,MT fcot The Illlmeai 

 ar peak* rieb to the height of 21.145 feet, or 

 w Ua*. At thb point the rang, omewhat 

 atiMb aearly do. oorta-wert, and forming 

 Uae of awwy mountain, till it join* the 

 JM UM Aadee ef Bea Joan del Ore and of Viloanota. which 

 1 1 4 ' ead 1 r extond early eaet aad weet, and again eonneet the 

 atef UM Aadea. la thai portion of tS* Eaetora Cordillera, 

 U- 10 b tW Nvedo d. Sorata. Sl.tM feet high. Both chain. 

 of BMwatoJa*. with the tatomediato valley of the Deaagoadero, oooupy 

 I nil Ml ef upward* of ttt Bib. to the north of 18', bat to the 

 ef that parallel they are award* of SOO mile* in width. 

 ajliliiBi of Bonrhau. aad HuinHol.lt ( Z*it- 

 .' b. U, aad ' AaabatoB der {Tatar/ Sebine* 

 t- ST) UM aMaa hncbt of the ride* of the eaatarn chain 

 ef UM MMaa Cardfflera. a* ililamiliiil bv UM (MM. b 1S.S02 

 fc*^** UM wnlira ehata ItjM* faet ; wnib the height of the 



fa*, ia UM weetara. H.WO feet; "ooaeMraeatiy the ratio of* the 

 hatat* ef the ridge to UM* of the oalariaatiag poiat b, ia the eaetorn 

 eaeka.1 1*7. ead fa* the we*tom chain a. I : 1 54. Thb ratio, which 



aaaaW to that whkh extota la UM Pyreaee*( - I : I -4K but very 

 aetntfraathe Alp*, where the mean ^height of the paeaM b be* 



^T^awB armllavW rJ -- l > BaBa^wa^eWefc wartWl^ia 1! wk^aV*aa& . _ , _ 



aUVMB^VaVHni^ WaaMal letffll DOTwVMl *WO raBflM^ 



w* a MM etovetfaa above the *ea erthaelij at 1S.OOO feet, ma* ia 

 M* anthem pevtiea aeerly parallel to the meridian, bat north of 

 ir b*, M bna. an aagb of ahao* U degree* with that Una, running 

 ' roHhaad*oothrt-bvmth. Not having 



ay eMl* toward. UM tea the riven whkh deaoead into it ar* either 

 feat to the *aady ea9 er enpty taeavelvwi into the Lak. of Titicaoa 

 el tat aertaora eatramitj. Thb l.k-. the large* in the Snath 

 Am rlnai i itbeit. nr m|ln aa area of about 400 aquai 

 Me ewtW. U I tTM fb* above that of UM Pacific. U 



ea*tara part the valley of UM Oeaanadero, and a. it would *eem 

 ata.e.laew*era. aet fcnaad by the Ufa raagea, hut by two 

 lew lateral rid*** dietaat frne* Jo u, JO mile* from the lake, and 

 free* MO to 1000 feet above M. level The water* 

 the*, lateral ridge* sad the high mountain rang*. 

 I to the plata. traveled by the river Madeira and ita 

 aad wertw.nl toward, the aea. The only outlet of 

 adem, which bine, from ita 

 10*, and b a email etream 



"* >ta n4ejty b aoareely two mile* an 



a^Ratr* * > J n Jff^. > * '*** * b, U*t. * Ito coon, between 



bland*, which rb* 



'LafceefTMeaoabth* rivar 



hy b> ba. ir 







r 



i aaawaau HWW' 



award, of IS.OOO bet aoovVthe 



taXeteMhar. Thb ecMoa, whioh 

 ' akyb rinaJlan, and aeither rain 



^" fWSMaVI MM fnlloW* teW 



->* <* tlM *fd of Xornbr 

 -. to ih.bajte.bv^ April 



The vegetatinn of thb valley ha* abo a very peculiar character. 

 There are no tree*, but the lower dbtriota. especially near the great 

 lake, are covered with the moat beautiful green turf when the land 



... ... ,. .'.- ... i .0 i ..... * .-. 



ry*. aad barley are indeed aowa. but they do not ripen, and are out 

 green a. Mder for the Uamaa. The pbntation* of quinoa (Ckno- 



\ ar. ntondve, and abo of potatow, which are 



.....'.'. ..:.,...;;..- '. .'.!. 



extoad to a BoaelnanM. dbtonoe up the dde. of UM adjacent bill*. 

 There are no peculiar *ea.oBi for aowing or harrect, and the native, 

 oocapbd either in performing the one or the other 

 country which eiteo.U between the ridge* of hill* 

 aad the high range* contain* for the moet part undulating plain* 

 ootarad with a coarae gra**, on which numerou* herd* of llanuu are 



. : ..- . : ...... 



Lop** Cvfitri, and UM bcaetomui 

 natirei). which in eone ptaow hu x 



fed. Here abo the guanaco, alpaca*, and vicuha* feed in a wild 

 BeriJa th*i no wild nim.l. hare been obaerved in :!: 

 peculiar kind of chinchilla, the 

 (the vbcacha or bbcacho of the 

 ao burrowed the aoil a* to render 



travelling on honebaok 'unaafe. The Lake of Titicaoa about. 

 fiah, aad numeron* bird* vbit it The condor b frequently nu-t 

 with on the mountain*. Among the ipontaneou* pUnta the niahe* 

 which grow along the bank* of the lake deaerve to be noticed, a* 

 the entire want of tree* ha* compelled thn native* to apply them to 

 nearly a* many uae* aa the bamboo b applied in India.. With 

 the** ruabe* the native* build their huta, and make the boat, and 

 aaib with which they navigate the lake ; mata made of them are the 

 bed of the poor, and earve in the houae* of the rich a* carpet* 



From thin valley nix mountain pame. trarerae the Weatern Conlil 

 lera to the Pacific Ocean. Their higbe*t pointa rbe to nearly 15,000 

 feet above the aea, and oooaequently they are not inferior to the 

 BMMlrtfii" pa*M of the Himalaya in elevation. The aaoent to theaa 

 paeie* from the valley b only 2000 feet, and the dope i* gentli-: 

 but th. deeeent to the *ea b exceedingly rapi<). Th. hvli,-.t |x>int 

 of the great range being cloae on the maritime declivity of the 

 Cordilbra, and consequently at an inconaiderable dintanc. 

 exoeedmg 60 mile* from the aea, the deeeent b extremely precipitate 



.:. ! . 



That portion of Bolivia which extend* between the Ande* and the 

 Pacific, in length 250 mile, between San Taltal 1'oint, the *outhern 

 angle of the Bahia de Nueatra Sehora, and the nnall river Loa, hn* 

 been denribad under ATACAMA, by which name it i* known. 

 for the mo*t part a barren want*, but there b fertile 1 n.| .i]..ng the 

 narrow valley* and river couraea. The ooact about Kahi* de Nueatra 

 Sonera b low and nigged ; from thence to Jam Head the ooatt run- 

 in a direct line for 62 mile*, the chore being iteep *nd rocky, and 

 backed with hilb from 2000 to 2500 feet high. Farther n..'rth in 

 th. apaciou* Bay of M<-sillnr, 8 mile* acroea, and affording anchor- 

 age off the wertern aide ; but it b of little uae a* the adore i 

 and neither wood nor water b to be obtained. Thirty mile* nrUi- 

 cat from Leading Bluff, the northern headland f Mexillone* Bay, ia 

 l\>bga Bay, the only port of the republic of Bolivia. In thb bay i* 

 the town of Puerto de b Mar, better known a* Cobija, a poor place 

 of about 1400 inhabitant*; it b an inconvenient place f< 

 a* it b ill ninplied with water, while vegetable* even for the con- 

 umption of the iuliabitanta are brought from Valpanu*'.. 

 of TOO mile*. North of Cobija Bay are aeveral nhallow muuly 

 with rocky pointa. Algodon Bay, 28 mile, fi 

 firat place which afford* any anchorage. Al-out 10 inilen farl! 

 Cape Han Francbco or Paqui<|ui, on which b an exten 

 guano, which ha* been brgely worked. Somewhat farther in ! 

 Arena, near which b a fiabing village ; an. I 12 mile* farther b the 

 gully of the Loa River, which form* the boundary-line between 

 I..!'- ' 



Bv far the greatoet part of Bolivia i mtuatod to the eait of the 

 And.*, aad thb portion may be divided into the mountainou* 

 dbtrict and th* plain*. The mountain dbtrict extend* along the 

 eaatan aid. of the Andea, and b not of great rth of 



'. becaunc the dope of the Eautern Cordillera toward* the 

 I.Iain, b nearly a* rapid a* that f the Western toward* the aea, 

 and the branche* which thb chain aend* off extend to no great 

 dbtaace from the principal range. But at about 17* 10' 8. lat, a 

 mountain range detachc* itaclf from the Eautorn Cordillera, v 

 ma* generally doe eaet for upward* of 200 mile*. TIu. branch rbe* 

 near the city of- Cochabamba, above the line of perpetual *now. in 

 the pointed peek called Nevado de Tinaira; farther eastward it 

 gradually decline, till it terminate* on or near the bank* of the Rio 

 Uuapai or Orand*, at no great dbtaace weet of the town of Santa 

 ('run d*b Sierra. Thb chain b commonly called the Sierra of Santa 

 Crux. Between thb ridge and that forming the boundary -line 

 toward* Boenoa Ayrea, which we have already noticed, extend* the 

 mountainou* portion of Kaitern Bolivia. Ita weatern boundary may 

 b* fixed at about S' W. long. Thb country b travelled by ninny 

 bteral ridge*, which ar* oflaeta from the great chain of the .\ 

 and form extaoaive vallejr*. Many of thete valley* link sjowl 

 often maintain thenuelve* for a conaidtrable extant at nearly the 

 ana. elevation. Thb drcunutanoa, a* well a* the width of the valley*, 

 render* them particularly fit for agriculture, and for the cultivation 



