

, ).,lf ! 



Un> which betonp to Bolivk. 

 from UM Nvado iU lUimaai 



sBftaamnL UM ssBBBeTeasi valley* wUeli ft* on UM eastern dr* 



W tk*i r*a*v aavl Utal aafftsas) of ts> Hrnl u> UM weM of the Rio 



Baas TTkcVwerpart of UM velkr* aad UM plain art vary fertile. 



bi oaly few spot* an cultivated. Tfce river* bring down a great 

 WlHi. af gold aand. It liUlii only on* town of Importance, UM 



*U TWIi^rtninBlef Or4r* Use between La Pas and Potoai ; UM 

 Andes beejnd to on UM west, UM ik|iartmat of Omqakaca lie* on 

 Ik* aes*. h eteaUMnrta*nipsrt of UM valley of the Daiagiisilaro. 

 In ls*i*Jk-hlb**JaWaNK*9**%kB2oa>MM| it steod* 

 U,M* ssat abov. Ike sea. and contain* several churches and 

 U UM nakjkbomrkaed c nsMarabl ailverHnin*. are worked, 

 from Oraro to Potoai travers** the southern part of 

 rdUkrs, *a>d rka* in UM mountain pas* of Tolapalk to 

 ImJftaM. 



III The III Mill n* of Potoai uomprekanrk the most southern 

 norttan af Boftvk. namely, the whok of the coaatalong the Pacific, 

 UM eeejnfry awUfc of UM valley of the Daaagnadero, and the aouthern 

 an el UM mi nil region a* tar north a* UM Pikomsyo River. 

 Nearly UM whok of Ite surface k covered with sand or barren 



' .bwtasto contains numaroae mine* of silver at Potoai and 

 in UM nortkera range, which have been long worked, 

 art Ikem k more populous than any part of the 

 UM valley* of UM Cachymayo and Cochabamba. 

 UM capital, Poron, this department contain* no considerable 



IV TkeJ.partmsnt of Cochahunbe comprehend* the greatest part 

 af UM rkfc and nil-cultivated valley of UM Cochabamba or Ouapai, 

 Ik* Sucre d* Saute Cnu. and UM da* valleys which lie on the 

 nertkara declivity of tkk chain. Every kind of agricultural produce 

 k ken grown ia abundance, and in some of UM river* which fall into 

 UM ClMfare 1 gold k collected. The capital of thk department, 

 Owe***, <nataw. about 1 o.OOO inhabitants, and k the most industrious 

 af UM town* of Bolivia, UM manufacture of cotton good* and of 

 gk*. being carried on to same extant Many of the dwelling-house* 

 are large ; and there are several convents and churches. It i* situated 

 at Ike as>sra extremity of UM department in a An* valley traversed 

 by UM CoJonUo. a branch of UM Cochabamba. The small town 

 fWhhmln. from which Ike department ha* received its name, lie* 

 an Ik* bank* of UM river OuapaC or Cochabamba. 



He* ilnmlinant of Chuquiseca, or Charcas, 



anateiaow country between Ik* riven Paapaya and Kio Grande de 

 k Plata, in which UM valley of UM Cachymayo k comprehended in all 

 Ma extant, and a great portion of that of Cochabamba. It contains 

 seas* *naseil*i*lili mine*, and k on* of UM most populous portion* 

 af Bal.TU.e, aoeoont vf ite fertility and the healthfulnc*. 

 Ihnaas. The principal town, Cncar. UUCA, k the capital of Bolivia. 



Tk* lijirtm at of Santa Crux dek Sierra k by far the largest, 

 i wkok plain which constitute* UM eastern 

 part o/ it i. still occupied by independent 

 r dktricta, where UM Creoles had formerly 

 i abandoned on account of their unbealthlne** The 

 , Aaa Ziram aV U fronltrm, not far from UM old town Santa 

 Ora d* la 8km, on the banks of the Rio Grand* de k Plata, has 



tij UM whole plain which cooetHuU. UM aaatorn 

 an Bolrria. UM creator part ofit i* .till ooctipied by indepeodent 

 tribe* of ladiaa.; aad uUwr dutrieU. where the Craole* had formerly 



The inhabitant* of Bolivk are composed of aborigines, 

 and of people of foreign extraction. Tb* aborigine* form probably 

 sere Ikan tkr .. ifautUk of UM population. They may be divided 

 swse Ikaee wk speak Ik* Quietus language and those who apeak 

 dnsWavt itkliela Tk* Qukhoa kngiiage pnrvaik among all the 

 askabMant. af UM coast and of Ik* valley of UM Deeaguadero, 

 JaayliilHiili kad been adopted by them bafora Ike arrival 

 ai|iMja. and ** at prases* H k their principal if not their 

 natre iii|ill l.bot it k praatkad in a vary unskilful 

 *j her* bean converted to UM Roman Catholic faith, b. 



faith, bat retain 

 Tke natives who do not 

 of the 







and UwMonbatn nVkaof UM 



Ctaky. a. *>*0 as Ik* CtaiiXlii, wko oceopy Ik* eoontry bordarlng 

 en sVn*J aasttWysy. ttfll lead a r*rk* life, U v. mostly on wt3 



MMM MM fiHaSflnV MM Ml flMaM^ MM fo tt*Ul*Wa. 



an ta *** and In UM nUr ef UM 



IW1.00XA. 10 



blood are few in nomber, but the mixed now. which owa their origin 

 to a mixture with nagraa*, are numarou* on the coact ; much lea* ao 

 inthe mining dktricte; and in other part* very few of them arc found. 

 The balk of UM population k concentrated in two Uugvr and aereral 

 nailer ralkya. Immanat traoto conaict of barren dearata, other* 

 though fertile are not oultiratod, and nearly uninhabited 



Commrrcr, Jfmuffuttwnt.'Ko country perhap* u under greater 

 disadvantage* with reapat* to commercial intercourse with foreign 

 countries Uian Bolivia, though paesessing a ooast of 250 mile*, with 

 several good harbour*. The part which k contiguous to the coast k 



s sandy desert, which produce* nothing fit for a foreign market, and 

 anted from the rest of the country by s chain of high and 

 nearly impassabk mountain* up to the parallel of Poloai. The only 

 road which connects the coast with the internal district* of the re- 

 public run* on the comparatively level country along the shores, and 

 paste* to the valley of the Deeaguadero by the pass of Lena* (11- 

 which rise* to 1 4,210 feet, and thence runs to Oruro and La Pax. But 

 thk road, like all other* in thk country, k only practicable for mule* 

 uid llamas, and consequently doe* not allow the transport of very 

 oeavY or very bulky commodities. To go from La Pax to the more 

 populous dktricta on the eastern side of the Eastern Cordillera, this 

 Ugh chain must be traversed by the pas* of Pacuani (10* S3'), 

 rises to 15,224 feet Another mountain pas* which lead* from Oruro 

 to Chuqukaca, which rises to 14,700 feet, k called the pass of Chalk 

 117* 40'). The difficulties encountered in travelling from the port of 

 I'obijj to Oruro are so great, that though the Bolivians have declared 

 a free port, they hardly use it, and prefer importing the small 

 quantities of foreign commodities for which there is a demand through 

 Alice and Tacna. Few foreign commodities are imported into Bolivk. 

 They are chiefly iron and hardware, with a few articles of finery, as 

 ilk, Ac. The exports are nearly altogether limited to the precious 

 metals, and to different kinds of woollens, made of the \\ '* ( the 

 llama* and alpacas, and to hate made of the wool of the vicuna*. In 

 June 1652, the navigation of the rivers of Bolivk flowing into the 



tniiioiiss and La 1'lata wa* declared free to vessels of all nations. 



Being ss it were excluded from foreign commerce the Bolivian* are 

 obliged to satkfy their wants by their own industry. The manufac- 

 tures of cotton are the most extensive. The better kind* are mad* 

 in Oropesa ; but in many dktricta the Indian* make great quantities, 

 which are coarse though strong. Next to these are the woollens, 

 made of the hair of the llamas and alpacas. The coarser kind, called 

 ' hanascas,' k used by the lower classes for drees and likewise for 

 blankets ; the finer aorta, called ' cambk,' are embroidered with great 

 care, and used as carpets by the rich. The best are made at La Pax 

 and are very dear. At San Francesco de Atacttma very fine hate are 

 made of the wool of the vicuna, and at Oropesa very good glass k 

 made. In some town* in the neighbourhood of the silver-mines they 

 make vessels of silver-wire, which are not without elegance. 



Omernmenl, Finance*, (<. In 1825, when Buenos Ayra* had re- 

 nounced its claim on Upper Peru, and the representative* of tin- 

 country determined to form an independent state, they adopted a 

 constitution proposed by Bolivar, according to which the executive 

 power was to be placed in the hands of a president chosen for life, 

 ami the legislative was to conskt of three bodies, the senate, the 

 tribunes, and the censor*. At the same time Bolivar wa* chosen 

 president. In the following year a successful revolution occurred, 

 ind Bolivar** constitution was superseded. Since then there have 

 been numerous changes, sometime* merely of dictators, but at others 

 in the form* of government The year* 1847, 1848, and 1849 were con- 

 sumed in civil war ; and the country has been ever since in a more or 

 las* unsettled state. The legislative power k however still at least 

 nominally vested in three bodies, the executive being in the hands 

 of an elective president Of the finances of the country we have no 



J" atinot account The nati..-. >id to amount to about 



'4.V. .: -the sum required to dk- 



tfae arrears of interest nii|id since 1847, but w,- believe that 

 Itdoa* not include the whole ..f the um. In.rrowed by the treasury. 

 According to a statement published by the government the r< 

 in 1*50 amounted to 895.24S/. (1,076,217 piastres), v indi- 



.117 -.744 piastres). The standing anir 



to 2000 man. Tb* country k ecclesiastically divided into the bkh 

 of Cochabamba and Santa Crux de k Sierra, but there k no established 



(Pent land and Parish, in ffmyr. /ear. vol. v. ; Meyen'* /;<< K* dit 

 Captain* King and Fitamv'* Satlin-j fr .<WA 



.4 <>><. published by the Admiralty; Captain Basil Hall; T. 

 Aaara: Von Techudi. Ac.) 



A, the second dtv in the State* f is situated 



long., 150 mils* 



and 80 mil** -m Florence, in a plain north of the 



nines, and bstwian UM riven R*no and Savena, and ha* a population of 

 about 75.000. A canal, called Naviglio, navig*> , connectn 



Bologna with Ferrara, from whence, by mean* of UM Po, the \ 

 and Ik* tntrrmrdiste canals, UM water communication extend* to 

 Venice. Bologna k a thriving city, with an industrious population ; 

 the hizber L'lMisi, who consist chiefly of lander) proprietors, are 

 wealthy. Many noble families reside at Bologna, where they have 

 ASM palaces, some of which contain valuabk galknes, aad ar* decorated 



