

I ..; ,., 1 i. 



half of 

 to BoUvta. 



rmlWr. wUok U. oa Ik. aa-tern d 



. 



f Iks. n**is. aW Ikat pertfoa of Ik* plaia to UM trad of UM Rio 

 BMI TUWww put at tk* vtJlrys Mid Ik* plaia ar* vary fcnilav 

 bt .aJy a few !* ar* cahivatod. Tk* riv*n briag dowa a great 

 aalHf afjoM ai It e^lsua. o*Uy oa. town of unpurtaacr, the 



aalHf afjoM 



aortal 1. Pi 



U TW li| mail* of OrtoUb*aaLaPaiaadPotoai; tk. 

 A4~ VMM! M oa Ik* MB*, Ik* d*yarla*Bt of Chnouiaca li* on 

 lk**aat. f --nl-V'^ ----- r ^ -...- "-j -..- r> j j 

 IB tlu. ..lUy U oaptal <*~. population about 5000 ; it steads 

 a*arly U.W fcs *boi> UM M. MM! contain* asvand church** tad 

 U tk 4btmrki*d r no4drbls silver-miiMs ar* workad. 



A raa1 I is Has, frota Oraro to Potoai Iravana* tk* southern part of 

 Ik* Kaalani CoriBkfa. aad riss* ia Ik* mountain pass of ToUpalia to 



iMraM, 



III Tk* aipatlaiial of Fatal ueanprakaarts th* moat southern 

 Milan if ItiaTii. mmiTj Ik* waol* of tk* ooa*t along the Pacific, 

 Ik* oMBtry s*alk of tk* vallsy of Ik* Dasaguadara, aad tk* southern 

 art af Ik* nsjatehi ragioa a* far north a* tk* Pilcomayo River. 

 X-arly UM kol* of it* sorfao. i* oovarad with sand or barren 

 eowtafav iiiiiaanias mines of silver at Potoai and 

 aorlkara nag*, which have been long worked, 

 .. Iketa I* more populous than any part of the 

 , ~-r. Ik* valUys of tk* Cachymayo and Cochahamba. 

 Ik* capital, Porasi. Iki* department contains no oonaiderable 



IT. TlMdapartoMOt of Coekahamb. comprehends the greatert part 

 f Ik* rick aad w*II -cultivated valky of th. Cochabamba or Ouapai, 

 MM fltarra d* Santa Ora*. and Ik* fin* vall.y. which 11* on the 

 aorta*** oWtivity of Iki* chain. Kvary kind of agricultural produce 

 to acre grown ia atmadano*. aad in some of the rivers which fall into 

 Ik* Caspar* 1 gold is colUrtod. Tb* capital of this department, 

 OMM. aaaatias aboot 16,000 inhabitant*, and is the most industrious 

 at tk* towa* of Bolivia, Ik* manufacture of cotton good* aad of 

 giant brtaf aarriad oa to sum* extent Many of la* dnelling-house* 

 ar* larg* ; aad that* are several convent* aad church**. It i* situated 

 lily of UM department in a fin* valley traversed 

 branch of Ik* Cochabamba. The small town 

 bich Ik* department has received it* name, lies 

 of Ik* rivar OoaptC <* Cochabamba. 



uquiaaoa, or Chares*, extends over the 

 a Ike rivers Paapaya and Rio Grande de 



b PUta. la wkiah Ik* valky of Ik* Cacbymayo is comprehended in all 

 . aad a great portion of that of Cochabamba. It contains 

 Mr mines, aad is oa* of UM moat populous portions 

 and the healthfulnea* of iu 







JSLi^ 



f MMa. oa 



flBMka. Tk* priacipal town, CIU-O.I.-IIIACA, u Ik* capital of Boliria. 



VI Tk* <|rtant of Santa Cnud* la BUrra U by far th* large*, 

 a*d atoad rar aamrly tk* whole plain which conatituta* Ik* eaatern 

 a/Bolrria. Tk* fraator part of it i. itill occopUd by 







DM -TMtor part 



















I oa account of tkair unheal thine**. 



Tn . 



, Aa* *** sir U /renter*, not far from th* old town Santa 

 b akrra, oa tk. banks of UM Rio Grand, de la Plata, has 



M of Bolivia are oonpoaad of aborigmaa, 

 ok of foreign extraction. Tb* aborigines form probably 

 tkfwJbartk* of Ik* population. They may ba divide,! 

 wko apeak UM Quicbua bagoag* and too** wbo apeak 

 ' ilscta. Tk* Quiebua Isayiag* prevails among all the 

 f tk* eoasl aad of Ik. valley of Ik. D**agoadti, 

 k*4 baaa adopted by tham bafor* Ik* arrival of Ik* 

 a*jd ** at preMrt it k Uwir priacipal if not their 

 vaaUoa. bat H b praotMsd in a v*nr uaakilful manner. 

 a* eoawrted to tk* Roman Catholic faith, bat retain 

 alas of (kair aialsal reUftioa. Tk* aaUva* wko do not 



inhabit Ik* 



dediritie. of the 



kato a grata aaaibar of toiba* wko *p*ak difaraat kagaaaa* : in UM 

 fwtaa* af lava** aka* tkav* are thtrtsia Mbaa, BOOM of them 

 a*. . ~a suanrtoJ to Ik* CbrtsUaa raligka : UMM waar a light 

 f aolaaa. aan 8.-1 .1 w^lmg pUcas, aad apply chl.fly to agri- 

 la. aW*Mf t*aaaU*a*ikateo*toa-4oA,aadta 

 '* far amkaaiail art*. Tb. Indian, who 

 . r Ur~, aod IkoMO* both ahfasof UM 

 CVaky. a. waO as Ik* fUaaHM, wko uesuiiy tk. eooatry boidaiUsi 

 hrnsJ i>a Paraysay. Ul bad a rovtaj lifs, U v, mostly oa wild 



. t . t . , 



Mood are f.w in number, but tk* mixed rac**, which owe their origin 

 to a mixture with aagroa*. ar* numerous on th* coast ; much loss so 

 * tk* mining diatrida; and ia otfcar parts very few of them art f 

 The bulk of the population is concentrated in two larger and several 

 smaller valleys. Inuaaoa* tract* consist of barren deerrts, ..thorn 

 though fertile ar* not cultivated, aad nearly uninhabited. 



Cbssavrcv, ilatm/aetmn*. No country perhaps is under greater 



sadvantam with respect to commercial intercourse with foreign 



unifies than Bolivia, though pmmsing a coast of 250 miles, with 



sereral good harbours. The part which is contiguous to the coast is 



a sandy desert, which produces nothing fit for a foreign market, and 

 .rated from the re*t of the country by a chain of high and 

 nearly impaasabl* mountains up to the parallel of Potoai. The only 

 road which connects the coast with the internal districts of the re- 

 public runs on the comparatively level country along the shores, and 

 peases to Ike valley of th. DeMguadero by the pas* of Lena* (I'.' 

 which rises to 14,210 feet, and thence runs to Oruro and UPac. But 

 this road, like all others in this country, U only practicable for mule* 

 and llamas, and consequently doe* not allow the transport of very 

 aeavy or very bulky commodities. To go from La Pax to the more 

 populous district* on the eaatern side of the Eastern Cordillera, this 

 bigh chain must be traversed by the pass of Pacuani (16* S3'), which 

 rise* to 15,228 feet Another mountain pass which leads from Oruro 

 to Chuquisaca, which riaes to 14,700 feet, U called the pass of ChalU 

 (17* 40'). The difficulties encountered in travelling from the port of 



liijx to Oruro are so great, that though the Bolivians have declared 

 Cobija a free port, they hardly use it, an<l j-.-!Vr im]>'>r!ing the small 

 quantities of foreign commodities for which there in a <1< :,. .-, \ t hrough 

 Arica and Tacna. Few foreign commodities are imported into Bolivia. 

 They are chiefly iron and hardware, with a few articles of finery, as 

 silk, Ac. The export* are nearly altogether limited to the precious 

 netala, and to different kinds of woollens, made of the wool of the 

 [lamas and alpacas, and to hat* made of the wool of the vicunas. 1 n 

 June 1852, the navigation of the rivers of Bolivia flowing into the 

 Amsronss and La Plata was declared free to veaaels of all nations. 



Being as it were excluded from foreign commerce the Bolivians are 

 obliged to satisfy their want* by their own industry. The manufac- 

 ture* of cotton are the most extensive. The better kinds are made 

 in Oropeaa ; but in many district* the Indians make great quantities, 

 which are coarse though strong. Next to these are the woollens, 

 made of the hair of the llamas and alpacas. The coarser kind, called 

 ' hsnascas,' is used by the lower classes for drees and likewise for 

 blankets ; the finer sort*, called ' cambis,' are embroidered with great 

 care, and used aa carpet* by the rich. The best are made at La Pax 

 and are very dear. At San Francesco de Atacdma very fine hats are 

 made of the wool of the vicuna, and at Oropeaa very good glass U 

 made. In some towns in the neighbourhood of the silver-mines they 

 make vessels of silver-wire, which are not without elegance. 



nmenl. Finance*, .< . In ]>25, when Buenos Ayres had re- 

 nounced its claim on Upper Peru, and the repreoeuUtives of tin: 

 country determined to form an independent state, they adopted a 

 ition proposed by Bolivar, according to which the executive 

 power was to be placed in the hand* of a president chosen for life, 

 and the legislative was to consist of three bodies, the senate, the 

 tribunes, and the censors. At the same time Bolivar was chosen 

 president. In the following year a successful revolution occurred, 

 uid Bolivar's constitution was superseded. Since then there have 

 been numerous changes, sometimes merely of dictators, but at others 

 in the forms of government The year* 1847, 1848, and 1849 wen con- 

 sumed in civil war ; and the country ha* been ever since in a more or 

 leas unsettled state. The legislative power is however still at least 

 nominally v*ted in three bodies, the executive being in the hands 

 of an elective prmident Of the finances of the country we have no 

 vary diatinot account The national debt is said to amount to about 



71>. piastres), including the sum required t 



chargvthe arrears of interest unpaid since 1847, l>ut wu believe that 

 it does not include the irl F th* rums borrowed by the treasury. 



Accordiag in a statement published by the g< 



,. ; i . .' : : :. , whil*Ui *zp*adl 

 lure was 847,7481. ( 1.7:'.-.7 1 1 piastre*). Tb*st 

 to 2000 OMB. The country is *ocM*ia*Ucally divided into the bis). 

 of Coehabamba and Santo Crui d* U Si*rra, but there is no established 



(Paatlaad aad Pariah, ia Ottar, Jour. vol. v. ; Heycn's Reitt M dit 

 WJl ; Captaint King aad FlUmy's f<ailii> : , f.,r Soolli 



JswricajMiblklMd by UM Admiralty; Captain Basil Hall; T. i 

 Acara ; Von Tachodi, 4c.) 



A, tb*s*cond city ia tk* States of .issituatod 



long., 150 miles N .-. w 



aad 10 mil** N. by R from Florence, in a plain north ( tli< 

 ninea,*ndbetw*i th* rivers lUno and 8aveoa,andhasapnpul*t 

 aaal, called Naviglio, navigable for barge*, ecu. 

 !. F-rrara, from wfasooa, by means of UM Po, the A 

 and Ik* mUnaediate caaak, Ik* water commuaioation extends b, 

 Venice, Bologna is a thriving city, with aa iaduHriou. j..,|.,, 

 Ik* hiibcr claBHa, wbo ooosist ckkfly of lande- . , arc 



lUiy. Many nobl. familie* reside at Bologna, where thej 

 pake**, som* of wtioaouartain valoabkgallirMs, and ar* decorated 



