



;i 



TWv k tWl>4 to 



sWewenjeiued kyOeidetbMnlifchi .to 



IMWMeM to ta nry (ales of BUoflM. Tk. 



ih towns of 



. . to tk. my fato* ef l.lipi TW Oen*ri applied to UM 



far ii M Kl * sAKrliisji Urn a. IN*, lord of 



i. IS.* XUho*a.ia*Merdi*ty*rt a U*^ to RooMfM 



!< to Ike* pcosa. tad thioafk 

 oil* nr* nalUi< IV pop. WM i 



of Beiossv in mi u 



of kfc tyranny, an- 1 soon afUr 

 was procUiaed lord. Henaed 



and for UM good of UM 

 elv* year*, but after bis death hi. two MM. 

 *ta UMU- power, aold UM town to the Viaoonti of 

 i ef UM vUoooti wa* bard aad cru.1. and after a 

 reky Md mock MnmlAtd Oiovanm Bentivogtto 



iTa.!. iin i|ii*ii if nil t *ii*im iiiitn i i in - -i Cl -" 



.^.iy I*UM .toll saiiiUMnaainal klgb dominion of UM papal 

 as vastsf im. wke> UM anny ef Julius II. took UM city aad wta- 

 s**ked UM e>*et doeansiea o/U drank. In UM UM sons of the 



by th* French, regained powse- 

 1 UM following year, when. 



tW b^U of lUrMwa and Ui* retreat of tb. French armies, th. 



Pop. JaUat, who built ea*U. to keep 

 that Urn. 



la Joa I7 



. till UM ead of UM 18th oentury 

 to Ik* papal ***, retaining bow.T- it* 

 f wkk* wen appointed for lif. by th* pop., and 

 I ta UMT tan all MponUnato oiril omosrs, mad admini*tered 



BQ^CMP^ rMkftOMil (wk-MCi to t*b* paHMl * 

 asssMsVi*, ! Bfc*tn Osffii of vtuCO W*W ssVppOIDtsM I 



and drove away UM papal 



iU IKI ii U Pebrvary ITtT Bologna beoem. th. chief town of the 

 nli.i rsfblif. On UM t.hliskasart of UM kingdom of luly 

 ka IMH R4<M IMMM UM mpiul of tb. dMMrtramt Del Rn > In 

 ueewpfod by UM Au.tr an. In 1815 tfenonl SUfuiini, 

 ta UM MUM of A<Mtn*. raMond Bologna *ad Ut othw l^ation* to 

 U 1UI u iMunvctioo broke out at Bologna 

 u pot down by u Aiutrun 

 irj mov*DMDta of IMS an 

 AiMlrtaa Cbtp* d"Anwb aa oeeapM UM nan& and Mgatiom, with 



r> brt fcw raaailx of antiquity la Bologna; onw fragment* 

 of aiiaJ|<Miadain>liiidil|illuMaipraarTdkUMmnMumof the 



Boloyia ; 



Uaadro AitMrti. /*frW rfi Belay*.; iMionar, of 

 . Mumy'i UtmJknt/or Cenlnl Knly.\ 



BUUM.N a provino. of the Papal State, is 



tueaiil B. kir UM previawsi of Ravenna, X. by that of Parrara. 

 UM daeky ef Mosleaa, aad H. by the central n.lgr of th. Apennines. 

 ', dm.1- .1 from T.cm.y. IU length from south -weat tonorth. 

 of UM B*xi *hov La Pomtto (Aunons for it* ml- 

 Tara tMyood Xalalbergo, U about SO 

 I UM Panaro. which divide* it from 

 KeaWa. to UM kro, whiek sparato. it from ImoU in UM province of 

 Ki. mill. k. akeat amile. Tb. ana of UM province i* 12M *quare 

 Oat, **d Ike pefsahltoa to I U waa, tool oding that of UM dty,S48,52. 

 <atoredtatobM>l 7 UMBe^whieh^. B tonth.Poi M .VFTara, 



asl by !! lorretrt. i rtln, from UM Apronines. The 



UMPob vary marshy and subject 

 



pat r plabi of RotefM U rrry productirr. aad in a high Hate of 

 -Jt~*fc.r t. UM wrt Uad. Mar UM Po rio* I* grown!^ Th. lowar 

 Mb alaa, aad rdWy. at UM foot of UM Apmnine chain, an wall 

 Ijlllii C^m. w^ -a. fti.it, aU anrt. oTwt^bUa, hVmp. lUx. 



or parbh**, and ha a 

 th* principal art flaaf 



to Pei.iu.tu. (1700 ; Mala) 



^MlsMsAsW !** VfaaMW BlnHnttnlBB^B flaf l^k*> ff^B^B^MaUfJIB l^M*i**B*S] 



AH UM sse tovtv i y M 'tom:' UMJT are an iiaik*.i and 

 iMfmM^laM. al Msrt eT UMM an s.rtunJil bv walU TW. 



bywalla. Tber 

 f 4 or IS 



kWIt TV.. 



it U print*! and publiahad. The council administer* the communal 

 jct lilcnria. to the UupKtion and .pprobation of the 

 Unta. Thu municipal .y.Um exuU in all the Papal State. 



Tk* paaaant* of the prorinoe of Bologna are aeldom proprietor*, 

 few cran hare leaaw, but thvy hold th<-ir f.irii:- from father ' 

 by a Ucit agreement, giriug fine-half of the produce to the bin 

 and paying half th. taxe*. They are aober, peaceful, and iuiluxtriou*. 

 Tbi* meterw *y*tom preraili over moat of the northern papal pro- 

 vino**, and alao in Tuacaoy. 



BOLOR or BKU'KTAtJH. n niun<- f..un.l <>n many modern map*, 

 and applied to the extennre mountain range which separates the 

 high table-land of Eastern Ana on the we*t from th.- <!.,-,. ,! prcanon 

 urround* the Sea of Aral on all lide*, and the Caapian on 

 three lide*. Thin name, we believe, i* fint found on come Russian 

 made in the beginning of the but century, and rests on the 

 rity of Marco Polo, the Venetian traveller, who iay* that after 

 leaving pftd^Kh*!"". or H-l**^*. and traversing a country called Vocam 

 (now Wa 



. . 



BADAKHUUX), he arrived at the highest mountains 

 in the world, and, having passed them, to the table-land of I 1 

 Travelling from it in a north-eastern direction for forty days over a 

 mountain region of great extent and elevation, he adds that this 

 y was called Belor. Afterward* he arrived at Kaihghar. The 

 mountain range thus designated by the Venetian traveller lies between 

 40* and Si* X. Ut on both sides of the meri.li 



It i* described in this work under TAHTAHH-TAUII, the name by which 

 it i* now known among the natives. The Chinese map give* it the 

 name of Tarta*h-i-ling. 



UOI.SK'XA. a small and decayed-looking town in th<- province of 

 Viterho, is situated on the slope of a hill at a little distance from the 

 north shore of the Lake of Bouena, 56 miles N.K.W. from Rome, and 

 ha* about 1800 inhabitant*. Bolaena ii near the aite of the ancK-nt. 

 VoUnnii, one of the principal cities of the Etruscans, which maintained 

 it* independence after the rest of Etmria had been conquered. But 

 the cttiien* of Volsinii having become addicted to indolence and 

 pleasure emancipated their (laves, and entrusted them with arms for 

 Uw defence of the town, and even admitted them into the senate. 

 By dsgiTias the liberti, or freedmen, becoming possessed of all the 

 power in the state, tyrannised over their former masters, !< 1 1 iV-ir 

 person* and property at their m-rey, and violated the honour of th>-ir 

 wive* and daughters. The citizens secretly sent deputies to Rome 

 imploring assistance. A Roman army under the Consul Fabius 

 Ourge* marched against Vulninii mul defeated the revolted liberti, 

 hut the consul was killed in the engagement A new consul, 

 M. Kulviu* Klaccu*. was aent from Rome, who after a siege took 

 Vobunii, B.C. 246. Most of the revolted hl>.-rti W.T.- put to death, 

 but at the same time Kulviu* Fbtccua rated the city which had so 

 long withstood the power of Rome. He carried away the spoils, 

 among which it was said there were 2000 statues. (I. ivy, v.) Tho 

 inhabitants built themselves a new town in the neighbourhood. This 

 linii is little noticed in subsequent : - JoniiK, the 



favourite of Tiberius, was a native of it. The Via Cassia passed 

 through VoUinii. Among the few remains of antiquity at or near 

 Bolaena an some ruins of a temple (aid to have been dedicated to the 

 Ktnuoan goddess Nuraia. Two ancient urns are in the vestry of the 

 church of Santa Cristina, and in the square before the church is at 

 urn with curious baasi-rilievi representing satyrs and bacchantes, and 

 near it is likewise a Urge and elegant vase of oriental granite. In the. 

 neighbourhood an numerous sepulchre* and tumuli, the remains i>f 

 an amphitheatre; and Urge number* of Etruscan vase*, sUt>n-. .-ml 

 other relics have been found here in recent years. U is in t!,. < 

 of Santa Cristina that the miracle of the Bleeding Host in reported to 

 have occurred in 126S, which furnished Raphael with the subject of 

 on* of hi* aim* painting* in the Vatican. 



IJOI.SK'SA. Till: I.AKK OF, ... the State* of th- rh..; 

 ttoktod in UM delegation of Viterbo about the ]>int 4-J" XV X. lat., 

 1 1' 55' K. long. In ahape it is nearly oval, and it <-irviiit in about 

 27 miles. It is almost wholly surrounded by hills, which are c> 

 with trea*. vine*, and garden*. To the south-east tli Monto- 



fiascon* rises on a conical hill a short distance from the lake, and 

 from UM summit then U a splendid view of the surrounding country. 

 To UM eastward, behind UM town of Bobana, U th* calcareous ridge 

 of Bagnona aad Orvieto, which divide* the basin of the lake from the 

 valley of UM Tiber. South-wait of the lake the country open* into 

 UM unwholesome plain* which extantf toward* th* sea. At this end 

 UM rivw Mart. (Urtos) ismies out of the lake, and after a course of 

 about forty mil** cnton UM ea near Coni-t... The lake i* ,, 

 to omtuwlisi*; it U in many plaoa* shallow near its borders, where 

 H i* oovwvd with r**d* and fraquenUd by multitudes of water-fowl 

 Tk* air around UM lake I* unhealthy in summer ; iu treacherous 

 ria in mob fatal forms that a sail is never Men 



oa it* water*, and although UM (round b cultivate.) to the very 

 mania of UM Uk. no labourer can with impunity sleep a sinirle nirht 

 oa UM Md wbn b* ha* worked by day. The lake of Bolsona 

 abound* with Ash ; H* larg. eel. were celebrated in th. time of 

 pv S.) T.-.. nall iaUnd. rise out of it, 



and U,U Mai-tana, The hills that surround the lake 



of ilUsna an baaalUr; but the rock in most places ha* a covering 

 of riek soooU, though inoUwn H U bare and shows hexagonal priim* 



