33 



BONN. 



BOORO. 



31 



sugar and tobacco the settlers already cultivate enough for their own 

 consumption. Timber for building purposes is rather scarce, and 

 would soon be exhausted if any increase of population were to call for 

 the erection of many buildings. The best kinds are the tamana and 

 the wild mulberry. The former is similar to the red wood of Brazil 

 and Mexico, and is very durable." Commodore' Perry caused the 

 island to be explored, and a few animals placed upon two of the 

 group. He also distributed garden seeds among the settlers, and 

 secured a suitable spot for the erection of offices, wharves, coal 

 sheds, &c. at Port Lloyd. 



(Xariijacion Eipeculatira y Pratica, Manilla; Beechey, Voyage to 

 tin- 1'iii-iii'- and //' <<;/</' S'raitt.) 



BONN, a town in the Cologne circle of Rhenish Prussia, is situated 

 on a gentle eminence in a pleasant and fertile country on the left bank 

 of the Rhine, 15 miles S. by railway from Cologne, and has 20,000 

 inhabitants, including university students and the garrison. It occu- 

 pies the site of the ancient Bonno, a town of the Ubii, which became 

 the head-quarters of a Roman legion, and, according to Antoninus's 

 ' Itinerary,' was afterwards kept up as one of the Roman strong-holds 

 on the Rhine. It rose ultimately to be a place of some note, and in 

 the time of Tacitus was considered to be in that division of G.illia 

 Belgica which was called Germania Secunda. According to Tacitus 

 iv. 20), the Roman troops under Herennius Gallus were 

 1 n.'.ir Bonn by the Batavi under Claudius Civilis. Bonn 

 is said to have embraced Christianity in the 88th year of the Christian 

 era, in consequence of the preaching of Maternus, bishop of Cologne ; 

 it U known that Helena, the mother of Constantine the Great, about 

 the year 316 bu : lt the church in this town, on the site of which the 

 cathedral was afterwards built. In the year 355 Bonn was destroyed 

 by an irruption of German tribes, and in 359 it was recovered and 

 rebuilt by the Kmperor Julian. In 755 Charlemagne crossed the 

 Rhine at Bonn, in his second campaign against the Saxons ; and in 

 8S1 it was almost ruined by the Northmen. In 1240 it was sur- 

 rounded with walls and a ditch by the archbishop of Cologne, who 

 conferred a variety of immunities upon it : from the year 1320 it was 

 the constant residence of the archbishops of Cologne. The Kmperor 

 Charles IV. was crowned here in 134(i, about which time it had risen 

 into sufficient importance to conclude a treaty of defensive alliance 

 with Cologne and other towns on the Rhine, when it undertook to 

 furnish an auxiliary force of 500 men. Dining the thirty years' war 

 Bonn was exposed to great sufferings and vicissitudes. In 1673 the 

 ii, who had possessed themselves of the place, were besieged in 

 it by the prince of Orange and Moutecuculi, and surrendered ;* . 

 slight resistance : having regained possession of it fifteen years after- 

 wards, they extended and greatly strengthened its defences. In 1689 

 it was taken by Frederick III., elector of Brandenburg, after a three 

 mouths' siege; and iu 17u:i it was captured by the Duke of Marl- 

 borough, the operations of the siege having been conducted by the 

 ited Marshal Coehorn. The fortifications were razed in 1717. 

 In 1777 Maximilian Frederick, elector of Cologne, founded the aca- 

 demy, which wan enlarged into a university in 17S4. This university 

 was dissolved by the French, and remained in abeyance while they 

 held Bonn in Napoleon's time, but was re-established upon a more 

 extensive scale in 1818 by the King of Prussia. 



The town of Bonn has the Rhine for its eastern boundary : it is 

 skirted on the south by the former electoral palace, and on the north 

 and west by the cathedral, and a succession of gardens which stretch 

 as far as the banks of the river. It has the appearance rather of a 

 modern than of an ancient town, and though it cannot be termed a 

 well-built place, for several of the streets are narrow and ill-lighted, 

 its appearance at a distance, with its white palace, now the university 

 building, the steeples behind, and the gardens all round it, is cheerful 

 and pleasing. The air is at times bleak and cold, in consequence of 

 thrr currents occasioned by the heights that hang over its low site, 

 which is placed at the point where the Rhine emerges from between 

 th'ne heights; the evaporation from the river also renders the atmo- 

 sphere damp. Bonn is nearly of a circular figure : the distance from the 

 ne to the Coblenz gate does not exceed ten or twelve minutes' 

 i-.tte walk. It contains above 1100 houses, built iu a substantial 

 manner, 29 public edifices, 8 churches and chapels, 9 mills and manu- 

 factories, and 5 gates. The inhabitants derive then- subsistence chiefly 

 from the university, from their fields, gardens, and vineyards. The chief 

 manufactures in the town are cottons, silks, and sulphuric acid. The 

 buildings without the gate are on I he increase, and so disposed, under 

 the direction of a board, as to be ornamental to the town. Among 

 the open areas the market-place is the most spacious ; but the square 

 d with trees next the Minster or Cathedral, and thence called 

 'iinstor-plat/, is the finest : here is the monument of Beethoven, 

 whose house is in the Bonngasse. There is no public edifice in Bonn 

 to be compared with the Minster (dedicated to St. Cassius), an ancient 

 gothic structure, probably of the 12th or 13th century. In the inte- 

 rior i - ' itue of St. Helena, kneeling at the foot of the crosi, 

 as well an bosm-rilievi in white marble, representing the birth and 

 viour. In the church of St. Remigius there is a fine 

 tterpiece in oils, in which Spielberg the painter has represented t!i.> 

 M, king of the Franks, by the patron saint. The 

 is on one side of the market-place, is a handsome 

 i style, with a double flight of stone stops in 



OEOU. DIV. VOL. II. 



front. Bonn has also a gymnasium ; it is the seat of the superior 

 board of mines for Rhenish Prussia, and of two tribunals for civil and 

 criminal affairs. Among other scientific associations it possesses an 

 academy of naturalists and a society for promoting the sciences of 

 natural history and medicine. Upon the re-establishment of the 

 university the electoral palace at the southern end of the town was 

 appropriated to its use. There are five faculties Protestant theology, 

 Roman Catholic theology, medicine, jurisprudence, and philosophy. 

 There are attached to it forty professors in ordinary, and ten adjuncts. 

 Besides the lecture-rooms, the university buildings contain a library of 

 100,000 volumes, a collection of Roman antiquities, an academical 

 hall ornamented with frescoes, an anatomical theatre and museum, a 

 cabinet of surgical instruments, a museum of natural history, geolo- 

 gical collections, a philosophical apparatus, and an observatory. At 

 a distance of less than fifteen minutes' walk from the town lies the 

 country residence of the former electors of Cologne, Clemensruhe, 

 near the village of Poppelsdorf, which contains coUections in natural 

 history, geology, &c., the chemical and technological laboratoiy, a 

 gallery of paintings and engravings, and lecture-rooms, besides apart- 

 ments for the accommodation or use of the officers and professors of 

 the university. There are five elementary schools in the town, as 

 well as a free-school for 300 poor children, an excellent library of 

 scientific publications and a mineralogical collection attached to the 

 board of mining, and several benevolent institutions. To the uni- 

 versity is attached a botanical garden, and also an agricultural insti- 

 tute, which has an area of 120 acres devoted to its purposes, and 

 a manufactory of earthenware and pottery at Poppelsdort 



BONNE-TABLE. [SABTHF..] 



BONNY. [BIAFBA; QUORIIA.] 



BOOLDUR. [ALEUTIAN ISLANDS.] 



BOOM. [ANTWERP.] 



BOONDE'E, a principality in the south-east quarter of Rajpootana, 

 under the protection of the Anglo-Indian government, between which 

 and the Raja of Boondee a treaty was concluded in 1818. The area 

 of the territory is 2291 square miles ; the population is estimated at 

 229,100. The revenue is about 50,000t a year, irrespective of the 

 revenues of feudal grants and religious endowments. A tribute of 

 about 4000/. is payable by Boondee to the Company's government. The 

 military resources of Boondee comprise 1000 cavalry, 520 infantry, 

 and 150 artillery, besides a police-force of 2000 men, and an irregular 

 feudal force of 2500. The boundaries of Boondee are Kotah on the 

 S. and E., Jeypoor and Oonjara on the N., and Jajghur on the W. 

 [RAJPOOTANA.] (Mill's British India; Parliamentary Papers.) 



BOONDE'E, the capital of the above principality, in 25 28' N. lat.. 

 75 42' E. long. The old town, which is nearly deserted by the 

 inhabitants, and for the most part in ruins, contains some fine pagodas 

 and fountains. The new town, to the east of the old town, is inclosed 

 by high stone walls and connected with fortifications on a cliff behind 

 the town, and commanding it. The greater part of the houses are 

 built of stone, and are two stories high. At one end of the principal 

 street stands an extensive temple, dedicated to Krishna, covered with 

 groups of figures sculptured in rilievo ; at the other end is the great 

 palace of the raja, built on the side of the hill ; the intermediate 

 space is occupied by two rows of shops fantastically ornamented. 

 At the lower end of the street, near the temple, are figures of the 

 natural size, cut in stone, of a horse and an elephant the latter 

 raised on a pedestal. On the north-eastern side of the city is a lake 

 which is supplied with water during the rainy season by another 

 great lake artificially formed by embankments on the high ground. 

 The pass through the hills north of the city is more than 6 miles 

 long, and at three spots is defended by barriers. Near to one of 

 these harriers is a summer residence of the raja, and some Hindoo 

 temples. Adjoining the second barrier is the cemetery of the raja's 

 family. 



BOORHANPO'RE, a large and ancient city, formerly the capital of 

 the province of Candeish, on the right bank of the Tuptee River, in 

 21" 19' N. lat., 76 18' E. long. ; 240 miles from Bombay, and 978 

 miles from Calcutta. This city is one of the best built iu the southern 

 part of Hindustan ; the houses are generally constructed of brick, 

 and are two or three stories high. Many of the streets are wide, and 

 paved with stone ; the market-place is a large and substantial build- 

 ing, but except the principal mosque the city is without architectural 

 ornament. The mosque is of gray stone, with an extensive facade 

 supported on arches, and it has two handsome minarets of an octagonal 

 form ; in front are a fine terrace and a reservoir of water. Boorhan- 

 p"iv, which had been made the seat of government for the soubah or 

 viceroyalty of Candeish by Atiruugzebe, was taken, together with the 

 rest of the soubah, by the Mahrattas about 1700. The principal 

 commerce of the place is carried on by a peculiar sect of Moham- 

 medans known as 'Bohrah,' but who call themselves 'Ismaeliah,' 

 from one of the early followers of Mohammed. Many of them are 

 very wealthy ; their mosque and cemetery are about 2 miles from 

 Boorlmnpore. The Tuptee is hero a narrow river, and fordablo in the 

 dry season. , Water for the supply of the city is brought by means of 

 an aqueduct from a distance of 4 inilos, and is plentifully distributed 

 through every street. Tho grapes which grow abundantly in the 

 'ijourhood of the city, are said to be the finest in India. 



BOORO, an island in the Eastern seas, situated between Celebes and 



D 



