37 



BOOTHIA. 



BORDEAUX. 



Commerce in Bootan ia monopolised by the government, the governors 

 of the provinces, and their officers. 



(Turner's Embassy to the Tetkoo Lama, and Kithen Kant Bate, in 

 Asiatic Retearcks, vol. xv.) 



BOOTHIA. [NORTH POLAR COUNTRIES.] 



BOOTLE, Cumberland, a market-town and the seat of a Poor-Law 

 Union, in the parish of Bootle and ward of Allerdale-above-Derwent, 

 M situated in 54" 17' N. lat., 3 20' W. long., 60 miles S.S.W. from 

 Carlisle, and 278 miles N.W. from London by road. Bootle station 

 of the Whitehaven and Furness railway is 361 miles from London by 

 railway via Carlisle. The population of the pariah in 1851 was 811. 

 The living is a rectory in the archdeaconry of Richmond and diocese 

 of Cheater; but this part of the archdeaconry ia to be hereafter 

 tran.-ferred to the diocese of Carlisle. Bootle Poor-Law Union con- 

 tains 12 parishes, with an area of 91,700 acres, and a population in 

 1851 of 6007. 



Bootle is about two miles from the coast of the Irish Sea. The 

 town, which is one of the smallest market-towns in England, consists 

 ofa long street of tolerably well-built houses. The chief building is the 

 church, the oldest portion of which is probably Norman ; the greater 

 part is of early English date and style. The font which is of black 

 marble is ancient and curious ; on it is an inscription in Anglo-Saxon 

 characters. There are a chapel for Independents, and a National 

 school; the school-house was built in 1838 by Captain Shaw, R.N., 

 who also left at his death in 1840 a sum of 300/. to keep the building 

 in repair. The inhabitants of the parish are chieBy agricultural. A 

 considerable trade is carried on in curing hams. The chief trade in 

 provisions is with Liverpool. The market is held nn Wednesday. 

 There are fairs on April oth and September 24th. The lofty moun- 

 tain, Black Comb, celebrated for its vast extent of prospect, is in the 

 vicinity of Bootle. At Seton, in Bootle parish, are some vestiges of a 

 Benedictine nunnery. There are also remains of stone circles and 

 other primeval antiquities. 



I'.OOTON, or BOUTONO, an island of the Eastern seas, lying off 

 the south-ensteru extremity of the island of Celebes, round the point, 

 5' S. l;it., rj:, K. long. It is about 85 miles long from north to south, 

 and its average breadth is about 20 miles : it is separated from the 

 island of Panjassang by a narrow but deep channel called Booton Strait, 

 uid i mountainous and woody, but is well cultivated in parts, 

 yielding abundant crops of rice, maize, yams, and the usual variety of 

 tropical fruits. Fowls and goats aro reared for food, and buffaloes 

 are pretty numerous. 



On the east side of Booton is a deep bay, called by the Dutch 

 'Dwaal,' or Mistake Bay. There is danger in calm weather of ah! pa 

 being drawn by the set of the currents into this bay, in which case 

 they can only get out again at the coming in of the went in 



of Dwaal Bay M Booton Paaaage, which separate* the island 

 from the extensive and dangerous reef or bank on which the Toukang- 

 basi Islands lie to the eastward. To the west of Panjassang lies the 

 island of Cambyna, next the mouth of tho Bay of Bony, and farther 

 west is the inland of Salayer, which is separated from the Macassar 

 peninsula of Colcbe* by the Salayer Strait. To the south of Salayer 

 lie the Tonin and Schiedam groups, and between them and the Booton 

 Passage the Tiger Islands, scattered over a reef 60 miles long by 50 

 milm wide. 



The inhabitants are Mohammedans ; those who reside on the sea- 



coast speak the Malayan language. The island has an independent 



government under its own king, who rules likewise over some of the 



neighbouring islands. The Dutch East India Company formerly 



lined a settlement on the island, to which they every year sent 



an officer to destroy tho clove-trees, under a treaty with the king of 



i, who received an annual payment of 360 guilders (about SOI.) 



u an equivalent for the privilege, and for the assistance which he 



bound himself to give them in destroying the trees. 



(Stavoriniw, \'<>>i<i'i * ; Forrest, Voyaye to New Guinea.) 

 I'L. [BnoPAL.] 



in important seaport town in France, the capital of 



the former province of Quienne anil of the present department of 



Uinmde, stands on the left bank of the Garonne, 75 miles from the 



mouth ..ftln-;. tuary of the Gironde, in 44" 50' N. lat., 34' W. long. 



It is :; ;. \V. from Paris by the railway route through Orleans, 



Tours, Poitiers, and Angoulomn, which is nil tiniMln-d except the 



section between the two last-mentioned towns, and this is rapidly 



approaching conipli lion. Bordeaux is also 360 miles distant from 



Marseille by the railway now in course of construction through Agen, 



ircoasonne, Narbonne, and Cette. A railroad 34 miles long, 



and running west from Bordeaux, connects it with La-Tete-do-Buch, 



u the Itassin d'Arcachon; ami from the Ln-Mothe 



iiis line a railway is in course of construction to B.iyonne. 



1 f liordnaux according to the Census of 1851 was 



1'iding the whole commune, which comprises little more 



'ty. 



The city extends in the shape of a crescent about four miles 

 along the river, which here bends with a rapid sweep from north-west 



M Ige of 17 archea and 632 yarda 



long joiiM tho city to the suburb I.n-l!:itide on tho right bank of 

 the rirer. The view of Bordeaux from this bridge ia splcn-li.l. 

 Opposite, at tho entrance of the town, ia the Porte de Bourgugne, 



built to commemorate the birth of the grandson of Louis XIV. Along 

 the river bank extends a broad causeway, a line of qtiays above three 

 miles in length, and behind these a crescent of beautiful houses and 

 stores, built of cut stone, and in the Italian style of architecture ; 

 while in the background spring up the numerous towers and spires 

 of the churches and other public buildings of the city. Below the 

 bridge the river increases to 800 yards in width, forming a large and 

 safe harbour, which is capable of containing 1200 ships, and has 

 from 19 to 39 feet of water at high tides. Vessels of 600 tons can 

 load and unload at all times close to the quays. The greatest 

 breadth of the town from the quays inland is about a mile; but 

 towards the north and south the width is much less. 



Bordeaux consists of an ancient and modern part, separated from 

 each other by the Rue Chapeau-Rouge, which runs east and west and 

 forms with its continuance the Rue de-1'Iutendonce, one of the 

 finest streets in Europe. To the south of this street lies the ancient 

 part of the town, which consists of irregularly built squares and narrow 

 winding streets : it contains but few handsome houses, though these 

 are generally built or faced with cut stone. The northern part of 

 Bordeaux, called the Quartier des Chartrons from the Carthusian 

 convent which stood in it, was formerly a suburb, cut off from the 

 rest of the city by the Chateau-Trompette, a citadel erected by 

 Charles VII. and strengthened by Vauban in the time of Louis XIV. 

 The citadel has been demolished, and its site is now occupied by tho 

 Place Louis-Seize (which was called for a time Place Louis-Philippe), 

 and by several fine streets which connect the Quartier des Chartroiw 

 with the rest of tho town. This part, which is well and regularly built, 

 U the residence of the principal merchants. The town has extended 

 towards the west and south also far beyond its ancient limits. 



A distinguishing feature of Bordeaux is its ' Cours ' and its 

 ' Places.' The former aro wide streets lined with rows of trees, 

 which form shady avenues on each side, and run through several 

 parts of the town. The principal of them are the Cours d'Aquitaine, 

 the Cours d'Albret, the Cours de Tourny, and the Cours du Jardin- 

 Public, which form a continuous boulevard two miles in length, round 

 tin- most closely built part of the town. The Places are open spaces 

 surrounded by buildings : in shape some of them are square, somo 

 circular, and others are more like our parks than squares, being of 

 large extent, laid out in walks and planted with trees. Bordeaux 

 contains 40 of these Places, the largest of which are the Place Louis- 

 Seize and the Jardin-Public : these contain from 18 to 20 acres each, 

 laid out in the manner described. The Place Tourny is at 

 tho junction of the Cours de Tourny and the Cours du Jardin-l'ublic ; 

 it is adorned with a fine statue of M. de Tourny, to whom Bordrau.; 

 ia indebted for most of its modern improvements. The Plneo 

 Dauphine at the southern end of thn Cours de Tourny is of circular 

 xhap<- ; the height and regularity of the buildings which surround 

 it render it one of the finest Places in Bordeaux. The Place Royalo 

 is on the quay ; its proximity to the bourse, the custom-house, and 

 the port make it the rendezvous of foreigners and men of business. 

 The Place do Richelieu is also on the quay ; it stands between tho 

 Place Royalo and the Place Louis-Seize, and U magnificently built. 



Bordeaux contains many beautiful churches. The gothic cathedral 

 of St. -Andre" was built by the English in the 13th century. It.i 

 whole length is 413 feet; the choir which has a gallery and lofty 

 clerestory windows is 193 feet long, 53 feet wide, and 85 feet high. 

 The interior is lighted through painted windows, and embellished 

 with sculptures and bas-reliefs. The southern facade is flanked by 

 two unfinished towers which rise on each side of a triple and deeply 

 recessed doorway decorated with a profusion of sculptures. Tho 

 northern front has a similarly decorated portal surmounted by n 

 splendid rose-window and galleries of beautiful stone-work tracery ; 

 and on each side of the doorway spring up two highly decorated 

 gothic towers surmounted by elegant spires 262 feet high. When 

 infidelity occupied the high places in France after the first revo- 

 lution, the grand portal entrance at the western extremity of tho 

 nave was blocked up. A simple opening scarcely deserving the nunm 

 of a door was made after the restoration of public worship, and still 

 remains. This western portal dates from the 13th century, and is of 

 great elegance. A grant of half a million of francs was made in 

 1853 at the instance of the emperor Napoleon III. to restore this 

 western facade and render it worthy of the rest of tho edifice. 



A tower 200 feet high, called ' La Tour Peyberlaud,' from Arch- 

 bishop Pierre Berland, who built it in 1440, stands at the east end of 

 the cathedral, but apart from it, and serves it for a bell-tower. It 

 was converted into a shot-tower during the first French revolution. 

 Of the other churches the most remarkable are thoae of St.-Michel, 

 built by the English iu 1100, Sainte-Croix, St.-Seurin, Notre-Dami-, 

 anfl Des Feuillans. Thia last is .now the college church ; it contains 

 the tomb of Montaigne. At the western extremity of the town is tho 

 beautiful church of the Chartreuse convent, the vineyard of which is 

 now turned into a cemetery. There are two reformed chapels and 

 a Jewish synagogue in Bordeaux. Among the other public buildings 

 must be mentioned the former palace of the archbishops of Bordeaux, 

 which, after often changing its destination since 1791, became tho 

 town-hall in 1836 ; the theatre, a beautiful structure in tho 

 Corinthian style, and the finest building of the kind in France ; tho 

 bourso or exchange ; the custom-house ; the great hospital, situated 



