

: -. 





arlef UM U>wa.attJ 



tfw U fertraiaof Ha. 



a*d**T*ral 



broke oat. it WM Dearly entire; after thai 

 lie* it WM boOt were used for ereetta*; a 

 Th. areaa WM of UM anal elliptic 



*H bet, and UM minor axis 



The'two fata* at the exUwuKiea of UM major axis an 

 ire; UM? ar M bet bifh aad *> foet broad. 

 UM MM alr*iy Uaei moet be aimed the mint, 











abattoir, UM vtctaaUiaf 

 en. aV* UM w* 



title to aa arcl.bi.hop, whow eee oompriae* the 

 <oode : hi* eufltaisii* are the biehop* of Agen, 

 n, IVrigueux. La-BoeheUe, and Lucon. Bordeaux 

 triboMl* of ant iactano* and of commerce. It is 

 UM *** of a lUcfc Cent of Ja*tio* and of a University Academy. 

 la n i mm i lilt in with UM Academy there are a faculty of theology, a 

 iota*, aad aa endowed college. There are also 

 i of architecture, hydrography, navi- 





V aad Baton! hietory, and a Urge establishment for 



" foreign 

 which 

 Cuarente-Iii'. 



<W<a4tna, Th* town u tho reaideoce of a graal number of fo 

 ouswok and UM bead quarter, of UM 14th military divinion, 

 farfaitss UM dsoarUMOts of Oirooda, Charentr, Charent^Iiifur 



iU a IvanUevous posiUon for foreign commerce Bordeaux 

 facflitiiv for internal traffic. 87 means of the Garonne, the 

 . aad their affluent*, it* commerce is extended over a great 

 Tof UM interior of Pnuos-, and by UM Canal-du-Midi it ha- 

 ^Insllnn with UM Mediterranean, and is able to rival Marseille 

 fa UM sal. uf oloaaU pradoea. Wine, brandy, and fruits are the 

 bscf artielM of sport. Taw X<doc or clant wine, are sent chiefly 

 ft* tlMirl and R<Moa ; UM inCnior norU to HoUand and Germany. 

 I-anft ^iiajitlUii of win* an alao hipped to America, Other articles 

 fiiMiiiiniar* all kind, of braadtuOi, hemp, flax, pitch and tar, 

 art. oil, alt proviafelM, hardware, metals, cotton yarn, ship timber, 

 Md note* Skips arc fitted oat at Bordeaux for the whale and cod 

 MJirlii, TW BMcmhtftuns of UM town are jewellery and plated 



jewellery and plated 



maslia, ooUeB stuB*. calicoes, hosiery, gloves, corks, 

 J proJucU, tnnaical instrumenU, Ac. There are ahx> 

 ercnl dMttUerMa, sn<ar-(flaenea, breweriea, gas-works, glass and 

 luUaeco-facturws, rope-walks, and dockyards. < ' 



'eetnfli, pepper, hide*, tobacco, and rioe are the 

 There b a regular service of packets from Bor- 

 to MM HmM and UM eoaat of M exico. 



the ehe of UM Roman Bvntiyala. The city 

 . d by fire about A.D. 200 was rebuilt by the 

 IB UM 4 th * ' ' 



of UM VisifrtlM, wbo Moked H oa their way to Spain, i 

 Mr drfe* at TrflM by Gloria, nearly a oeaturyaft, 

 fc*y ib*lsni 1 UM towa to UM conqueror. Uader ( 

 M fBweraed by a count of it* own, became * 

 lyla UOUM eapiul of UM duchy of Ga*< 

 MMBMH we jiorUiaMa, wbo ploademl aad 



la UM 4th century it became the capital of Auuitauia 

 Of H. eteie at that time Aiuoaius, who was a n: 

 tWdttala, ha. Ml a dewipttoa la hi* 'Clara Urbea,' xiv. u. The 

 !! lofUM Romaa BarJigmU waned under the blighting sway 



un,andb.: 



' 



ier Charlemagne it 

 again prosperous, and 

 oofne. It* prosperity 



*&**i*-^*-z^^&^&Z 







"/* t TJT ; yA*"* Bgrdoatu became the capital of a 

 ' *** MetfrvMi of KMaaOof of Ouicnifp in 1162 with H- v: v 



W*OTu7*e*'efTfaM ^jLJ^.n *&"**' Bor<u " J ' w * .11 





 VII. 



Bordeaux, i 

 At U.U Urn. Charle, 



* * 

 TrUtan d* 



aaa of them puakbed with 

 *"* ''""i'OBt The 

 BofJ * >a> 



of UM rigut of self-government by a mayor nu.i 



| by their fellow citizen*, were restored in 1550 by a royal edict, 



la UM reikiou. war* of the 17th century Bordeaux was the scone of 

 many cruelties agaiust the reformer*. In the war of t' 

 oppoeeil the court party, aad was twioo blockaded ; and by an 

 Bued in 1075 the parliament of Bordeaux WM removed to C" 



th. 



citizen, to curb t <i spirit. The parliament retur 



Bordeaux in 1800, and the city enjoyed repose and proi 

 outbreak of the great French Revolution. On the territorial d. 

 of France after that event it became the capital of the ilepartn 

 Giroudo. In 1814 the citizens, headed by the in- -.:-. M. I 

 advanced to meet the English troops, delivered to them the ! 

 Bordeaux, and hoisted the white flag of the Bourbons. In 1815 

 however they refused to rapport the Duchess of Angouldm.-. 

 wished to make a stand at Bordeaux against Napoleon. On the 

 laming of the ordonnance* of Charles X. in 1S30 Bordeaux .- 

 tuted the tricolour for the Bourbon flag before the news of the 

 revolution at Paris had arrived. 



The different forms of the name of Bordeaux met with in old 

 writers are Boui-doaux, Bourdoaun, and Bordeaulx. 



(Vinet, li'Aulin<utf de Bordiiinr ; Millin, Voyage dam ' 

 inrnlt da Midi; Devieiine, J/ittoire de Bordeaux; Malta lirmi; 

 IJalbi : J'i'-li-jaaaire dt la Prance, 1845.) 



HOI.i ,!-. a subdivision of Guienne in France, which was 

 named from its capital Bordeaux. It included the territory imme- 

 diately adjacent to that city, the districts of JlcSdoc, Les Laie. 

 Bordeaux, and many others, and extended on both Bides of the 

 Garonne, the Dordogne, and tho Gironde. It was bounded N. by 

 Saintonge, . by Pdrigord and Bazadois, S.E. and 8. by Les Grande* 

 Idindns, and W. by the ocean. It is now included in the depart i. 

 - in: and LAXDES. 



I'.' '1! I', a | In no:neuon which occurs in some rivers near their mouth 

 at spring-tide*. When the tide enters tho river the waters suddenly 

 rise to a great height, in some rivers many feet above the surface 

 of the stream, and rush with tremendous noise against the current 

 for a considerable distance. Sometimes tho waters do not subside till 

 they have almost reached tho limit of tide-water. As thin swell doos 

 not occur in all rivers where there is a tide it is evident that it must 

 be caused by some conformation of the banks or bed of : 

 by both combined. It seems to be necessary, in order that there 

 should be a bore, that the river should fall into an cestuary, that this 

 (estuary be subject to high tide*, and that it contract gradually ; and 

 lastly, that tho river also narrow by degrees. The rise of the sea at 

 spring-tides pushes a great volume of water into the wide entrance of 

 the tentuary, where it accumulates, not being able to flow off quick 

 enough into the narrower part. The tide therefore enters with the 

 greater force tho narrower the tcstuary becomes, and when it reaches 

 the mouth of the river the swell has already obtained a consideraMo 

 i above tho descending stream, and rushes on like a torn 



In England the bore is observed in some rivers, more especially in 

 the Severn, Trent, Wye, and in Solway Frith. The i kable 



bores hitherto described are those of the Ganges and Krahmaputro. 

 In the Hoogly branch of the Ganges the bore is so quick that it 

 takes only four hours in travelling from Kulta to some distance 

 above Hoogly town, a run of nearly 70 miles. At Calcutta it 

 time* causes an instantaneous rise of live feet, which would occasion 

 great damage among the smaller vessels if it did : nj one 



bank only, so that tho barges on hearing tho noise which prec. 

 can be safely brought to the other side of the river, or to thu middle, 

 where the swell is indeed considerable, but not so sudden as to 

 endanger veseel* which are skilfully managed. In the ch 

 between tho island* at the mouth of the BrahinapiV -lit of 



the bore is said to exceed 12 feet, and it is BO ten !>|>ear- 



anous, and so dangerous in its consequence s that no boat will vi 



tjate there at spring-tide ; but it doe not *> 



distance in this river, which in probably owing to the great width of 

 tho channel 



The phenomenon observed hi the mouths of the Indus must bo of 

 the same kin-L Burnes remarks that " the tides ri. in the mouths 

 of the Indu '. about 9 feet at full moon ; and flow and elib with great 

 violence, particularly near the sea, where they flo.nl and aU.n.! 

 banks with equal and incredible velocity. It is da: 

 the anchor unless at low water, as th.- channel i frequently ob.~ 



: >o vesael may be loft dry. The tides are only perceptible 

 n the aea," The boats of Alexander experienced these 

 dangerous tide* in tho Indus, and hi< historian Arrian is tho fir. 



:,, th* Ofllf .-!' 



Cambay and It* tributaries is exceedingly hi^h and rapid. 



on (lie shores of tho pro- 

 vinces Para and Mamuhiio, a similar phi .!.~.-m<l in Rome 

 "d in tli. , - ,, ,', go : :111 ,i R 

 eerie* of island* from Capo Norte to tie- mouth of tho river Macappo. 



henomenon, which is callml by the Indians ' 

 tieulariy rtr iii.-li runs int.. tho sea near 



mil in th? rivers Guama and Capim near I'm 



in UM river Mcarr in Maranhao, and according to some writers in tho 

 Th* description of the poronica doos not differ materially 



