



n aorta wejawerd to Mount Mal,m. and 

 M mm mBMoMtoas SDOM of whieh extend 



;s^to-.7ii*iLi-*.j 



Maaaax Kfrer. The iimrtry betwesa the lUmuitmg Muaatataeaad 



laW aBWatA OrtMBWBl<CTI IMHaf 0MOT1MB Ufc* lBMtBl Of UM OWUpaVal 



^laZhai rtoer*. It .ft., fcnaerof the. Uu 



.of the _ 



r of these that the 

 he "*--* dutrict lies 

 of Sarawak, end like U>at 



at rirar* of BotMO MMasfoa. end raeny of them are of 

 w .1 their MBbooeaures cad are tuneable fcr a eon- 

 lMa.frva.liMm. We proceed to eBttfoeretotaemoet 



. 



iRmr. 



uiiiiiillif round the Wand northward.. 



i from C.p Data to UM mouth of the Samara- 



The chief rler that saters the esa between these 

 . in the orth aid. of the Krimbanff 



_ _______ 



faav passai the tow* of KaoUaf the capital of Sarawak. litde blow 

 fcWl to divfaU. Mo two ana*, the more eastern of which, called 

 lfc.jr.~MU. - , blU iato th. a. in about I' *0' N. UL, 

 <J' K. lot* Tb. other branch. ealUd UK Sumtutaug entrance, 



. 

 UM M at UM salnsnls of Hipang, oo which u Mount Santa- 



haw ITU (OTC hk** 



I. Borneo Proper th.4e<ef^er riss* In the mountain of that 

 MOW an 1 low. pa* UM town of PaUuan brtwem jungly banks, and 

 eaten UM sea Mar T S' H. UL, 1 1 1* K. long. Farther north-out are 

 lfc gorabM aad Kajaac rivm The river Cedayan, near the tn.mtli 

 of wktek Braa. tb. capital of Borneo IVoper, enters the south ride 

 of a krge bay, UM> iaOrn shore of whieh U .kirtod by mountains 

 iMiBf dumpily (rota UM shore, Thi. bay lies to the .outh-eouth-eait 

 ef UM teland of I * tj *-" 



The take of Kini-Baln lie. between 5* 45' and 5' 58' N. Ut, 

 U* 4i' ul !>: IV B. loo*. It ha. an outlet northward int.. 

 MsJrsrh Bar. Psela.i tail no lew than thrw other outlet, are con- 

 lertarally msrlwO, aemely. the I'aiiam which nun north-east and 

 Hers UM M about 6 1 Si' N. UL ; the JTWeafaafeii which runs east 

 bag UM aortast* base of UM KimUtangan Mountains. and has iU 

 5- 44 K. Us.. US' 16' B. loiig. ; and the SAolcka which hai 

 melfc nulini i ir-T hrt-r "-*-*"- "-r- but it need not be remarked 

 Utu Ifcb o^jui, I* wry improbable, and we think it will even- 

 toady U faMd that tit. rim jiut name.1, whieh certainly exist, 

 kw UM*T aouroj. in bibUn.U nw thf .Lore .,f the lake. 



la UM Umtory of UM nltao of Sooloo in the north-ea.t of Borneo 

 at tW n.rr. -<i-iU.; and AUu which enter the Sea of Celebe. ; 

 aJ ta. fluffy*, which rwe in UM Anga-Anca Mountains, runs east- 

 want pSMiBC UM of Balaam OB ha Uft bank, and enters the sea 



M abat no- N. lat, iir aT&ioof. 



TW Bva oooatry oaaprUs. the basin of the Pal*i Hirer whicli 



b 



4 by the jfOMteoa of the Sege and the Raley t the town of 

 ...W-Totiw, sMaded on UM left bank of the Sega, in V 10' N. Ut, 

 1 ;: ' ir B. tav Ker lh junction U th. town of Sambiliong on 

 UM right beak of UM KaUy. Both of thes. bead rtreams flow fn.m 

 UM >ajs >a Mooataias eastw.r.1. in which direction the Pantai 

 eeaMaas* to low to the Celebes See, which it enter* by ewers! mouths 

 little aorta of r .V. UL 



The Oft or /VM Rhrer, which drain, the territory of Coti, rise* 

 tma the Aaft-Aajpi Mountains and the eurten range that 

 in Mat. It receive, a vast number of 

 ia ita oourae, whieh i* toward* the south-east 

 from UM *ea the Coti divide* into several 

 UM Ma between 0* 10' and 0* 50' 



At . 



towa of CoU etoaat'oa the eouthrrn arm ewerat miles 

 aiMhH'ii. la the Paeor . > territories 



Hrem tow from the Meratus Mountain, eastwant into 

 snd the Strut of Polo Leut which separate* the 

 in i as iMiad of PnU JUat from the eouth-eieteni angle 

 j hat they ere aO of ebort eoone, 

 TWJere Sea ieele.ei>eialeooelderabU river* from Borneo. Th. 

 tatfat hlh. fceje- er Atriw. the heed stream of which rise, in 



!!'.. loo*, when It^torn. ^thTlot th! 

 to e venr tortvooi ooora* reoeivM many 



r*4. a*. (_.., MM ptrir/^'tL " fc^L*^ 

 raid. III* M'K. tea*. The DoMi esttlementtf Bancer- 

 - U- ; b-kW th. breMh ia about r ir & btTTb. 

 I am aslbd the M~~, r LMtt A*MI| Hirer ba* ita outfall 

 rj*-RU.i -rtothewestwerd 



i. th. Teve or Dm* Atee** River which flow, .oath from UM 

 If allln_M>ailili aad ealam the eai about f 80- a UL. 118-50' 



rta bi UM Aafa-Aan Moon 

 tav.M4 awTwJt^.^b 



IribuUries. In the upper part of its course >! 

 oounuy inhabited by niDmadU, trilm Near .. 

 it diid. into two brancbc.. the Kaptuu and the Ua I ... The KaraM 

 flows first to the west then to the north-west, throwing off 11.- 

 -:- iMcbes UM sea near 0* 26' S. Ut, while the embouchure 



noae U in 0' 2' N. UL The town of Puntianak is situated on 

 left bank and near- the mouth of tho Kapuas i .U, 109* 20' 



K. long. The Mantu branch runs south by west and enters the sea in 

 about 0* 83' a UL, 109 60' E. long. ; in the embouchure is a largo 

 land on which are Mount Majnk and Mount Miami. The north 

 channel between the island and the main is called tho M<ij,ii Kiver. 

 Th. southern part of tho delta of the Simpang forms a di 

 Kl>. To the soulli . I' the Simpang flows the Pan Iiicli 



nins south-wast from Mouut Mnliiu au<l eutern the sea by an icluiu-y 

 (in which u Uie Ulaud of 1'sjoug) iu about 60' 8. laL, 111 '^i' 

 B. long. The Sambas district U drained by tho Samba* River, . 

 rises in Mount Pandan <0* 64' K. Ut, 109 35' E. long.), run 

 lorth-ewt, then to the north -wort, afterwards south-west, passing the 

 town of Sambas on it* left bank, and outers the sea by a wide actuary, 

 on the left shore of which U an eminence called Mount Fnmankat 



There ore nuiiieruu* islands off the south-western shore of Borneo, 

 the principal of which sre the Natuna and Tambelau group 

 Bsprit, SL-Borbe, and Datou islands near the equator, the Panum- 

 bangan Islands nearly opposite the outfall of tho Siinpang, an . 

 :jaramata Inlands which give name to the strait between Borneo and 

 i Island. 



Climate and Product* The climate of this island, as far as it is 

 known, is very hot and moist, enpeoially along the coast, and 

 among the wide-spreading forests which cover many parts of tho 

 country. In the districts situated on the western shores the wet 

 season takes place during the south-east monsoon, from April to 

 September; but along the Strait of Macassar, and in the JIUM 

 occurs with the north-east monsoon, from September to April. : 



i nervations made near the coast during twelve months 

 between the hours of and 7 A.M., the average annual temperature 

 at that hour is deduced to be 70 Fahr. And from a similar table 

 giving the maximum temperature of each month at the same hour 

 the average annual maximum temperature at the time of observation 

 is 87'6 Fahr. From this it may be inferred that the heat of midday 

 is very great in the low countries, and that in marshy district* the 

 climate must be unhealthy; but the higher porta of Borneo, espe- 

 cially towards the north-east, have a climate almost as temperate as 

 Europe. 



A country with a good soil and abundance of moisture, situated 

 under the equator, must be extremely rich in vegetable product 

 These include rice, sago, mandioc, cotton, sugar, camphor, cassia, 

 pepper, cloves, nutmeg, opium, ginger, betel-nuts, cocoa-nuts, areoa 

 palm, a vast variety of timber-trees, sandal-wood, ebony, banana, bread- 

 fruit, gutta-percha, upas-tree, sesamum; avast number of oil-yielding 

 plants, such as the cayaputi, which yields cajeput-oil ; rattan an. i 

 plants used for making cordage ; benzoin and other gums and woods 

 used for frankincense ; indigo, safBower, arnotto, turmeric (which ia 

 used less for ilyoing than as an aromatic for seasoning food), and 

 several dye-woods, &<x, *co. 



The horticulture of Borneo comprises (besides several articles above 

 enumerated) the calabash, the gourd, the pumpkin, the muwk-mclcui, 

 the water-melon, and a variety of cucumbers, yams, batatas ; a great 

 variety of fruit* including lemons, oranges, citron, pine-apples, mangoes, 

 mangustins, cutai>l apples, tamarinds, pomegranates, *cc., &o. 



Both sea and river fish abound, particularly tho fonner. The 

 numerous banks off this and the neighbouring islands afford the fish 

 upon them such abundance of food, that no part of tho world has a 

 better supply of fine fish, especially where the shores are flat Tho 

 1-diblo full are here very numerous, among which tho pomfret, the 

 calcap, and the sole are the most delicate. A great variety of fish U 

 dried in the sun, and forms a coimiderable article of commerce ; ti.-li in 

 this state is an article of as universal consumption among tho Indian 

 islanders as flesh in cold countries. Some kinds oially 



shrimps, are pickled, and form an article of internal commerce under 

 the name of bUnchand ; and the tripoug swala, or sea-slu v. in a valu- 

 able article of exportation to China. Among land animals are included 

 the elephant, rhinoceros, leopard, buflalo, deer, wild hog, monkeys, 

 horned cattle, a few horses, fowU and ducks, a great variety of birds, 

 Ac. Bees abound everywhere and vast quantities of wax arc exported 

 to China. The lac insect is found in the forest.. Tortoises are very 

 abundant on the northern and north-eastern coast; those found fur- 

 ther west are smaller, and tho shell i* thinner and less val<ml>!... 

 Tortoise-ehelU are exported to China, whence many of them find th. ir 

 way to Europe. Pearls and iiithi>r-of-|>earl oysters are fished along 

 th. north-eastern ooast, but they are not so much esteemed as thoao 

 of the gooloo Island.. 



I'npvlatiun, *, The inhabitants of Borneo are either .-ilionginen or 

 foreign settlers. The former are divided into a great number of tribe*. 

 Tb. Drake occupy the western and southern districts. The Kiajoos 

 and others, the peninsuU extending to the north-east and the Tiroon 

 lire on the eaiUl'li count. In the interior are the Kayan, the Dusun, 

 UM Marut and the Tataocli ; other tribes are the Radians, tho 

 MilkjMtoe, the Dyak Oarrat (or Land Uyaks), and Dyak Laut (ot 



