* 



BOSNIA. 





, of aabionoilln. and t t!. 



r vaik* of UM Maria* fate UM Bay of CatUns 

 n of (.^Ul-XuoTu ; but UM r.u 

 T*orfa> ha* b*ra ahraya iM^irtiJ by Aoatria, 



> AIM Mtor Hoo 



arwyilii|rtii 

 JU.U. latter power in ISM. 



"oftM U fa Mounl.Sabor. 



MBth of UM proTinoe, and 

 Tttwy from 80 to mil*. 



lMao.lth* Stre. Numerous 

 > divid* UM .arfao* fate gnat number 



of liilSMj valWy* Md h !!. gwoemlly of .mall extent, with 1 1 



MMfAtaWal Of MM [whin Of IJTDO, WHJCa IMA iMtWMB OmlH r*Jlg*i 





called th. Pliiilnri Mountain. Mnmtet 

 !> Uinaric Alf-, farther 





i UM dnisUaw UM on UM aid* of Albania. 



slop* of UM UfaanTjUp. i. *UU mor* ragged than UM outhern ; it 

 I* also ftBiua-eJ fato a far grastar number of glans and valleys ; and 

 Uwr I* BUM Iml griiMrT of My eoMidorabl* extent, except in a 

 Irsr nlaoas along UM bwar oor*ss of UM riv*r* and on the right bank 

 of UM -Sai. Tb stream* too are vory numerou. on UM northern 

 fans, aad UM moMsalns fa general are covered with magnificent 

 Inrssts and nch pastor**, so that there are few countrie* of Europe 

 wWoaeMvi* wikaBoaBfaPropsr fa baavtiful natural scenery. But 

 on UM Adriatic atop* UM mountain, are fa mort part* bare and rocky ; 

 had fa ufalu and spring by impetuous wind*, 

 MT by . Marching sun, th. effect of which is but slightly 

 nwriatod by baavy dewsTand with UM exception of the NarvnU and 

 UM Bkrtritoa UM rivon am all small, and many of them disappear either 

 partially or totally from view fa their course through a calcareous * .it 

 Tb* principal riven of UM province are the Drin, or Drina, the 

 Boana * hich (five, name to UM eyalcO, UM VerbiUa, and the Unna, 

 ~l U~i*n of UM Have; and UM Naranta, which carries off the drain- 



sap of UM Adrfatk aiopa, 



UM *>MM rim fa UM Diaarie Alp. 

 orthward Utwoso UM distriota of Jeni 



iaL. 



43' X. lat, and ran. 

 Jrni-Baar and Travnik to near 

 to its mouth fa UM Save, about SO miles below 

 chief town on iU left bank), it separata. Bosnia from 

 It receives aiiiasfniM Ihsilsii on both banks, and in it* lower 

 i* a ds*p Md rapid river; fa ita sand* partid*. of gold are 

 Tb* what* coon* of UM Urina i* about 180 mile* in length, 

 i o*rally litw.* Ugh hills and mountains, with the 

 f about ton mil**abov* Ha mouth, where it skirt, the plain 

 afUrfavapotM. At UM mouth of UM Urina i* th* quarantine station 

 of Kaeaa. on UM Serbian aid* of UM river; and on the Austrian shore 

 of UM 8a* U a fartross also calUd Kacsa. 



Th. AaM, from wbiok UM eyalet i* named, i. formed by sereral 

 aU *<r*Ma* that fam* from Mount Ivan, a summit of the Dinario 

 Asaa.totfM*Mth rUMottyofBoana-HaraL It also runs or rather 

 nwba* norUiward. and for mar* than two-third, of it. course between 

 MmlUUiMof hilb "iWtiMMd with trom to th*ir summits," It U 



by farrfas or canoe*. On 

 in many 

 of about 



_ way above their 



ad ttmbar is floated down them to the Save. 

 or F4**, rfarn fa Mount Vranga, <>n th.- 



i" I*' 'row UM hilly region UM Boana traverse* a plain fa 

 arts M**hy Md boggy, and enters UM Save after a conn* of i 

 iMmHa*. fb.Bna and the Urinaar.naviabl.inewav above 



, 



OTUien alop. of UM Ufaarie Alp* to UM *outh of Travnik, and near 

 L laL It. ooorw i. naariy parallel to thoee of the Urina and the 

 * 4 fc divid U 



V* dividfat UM betwwo UM aanjak. of Travnik and 

 **"* to **" *** ta *" ^^ balow OrkdUka, and about 

 .*"* *^ U "" q<llho ' UMBOME, It i... hallow .tream. IU 



a little ant of Mount 

 petotofOMDfaarieAlp*; it run. 

 ~ whar it nrrep. round to the 



. 

 IW, UM 



UM Sauna, H reach 

 MI to Ita janetion with th* 



^-4. w r^,x u K: : 5 ; ' b ' lh)m 



of UM CM. M. 8*. r^fc, 1M TmiS. 



Dash, to UM north 



bdatMSAMl 



fa UMWoatarn Morava. 



tb* Bonds 



Th* 



Ibr al,^ mfla. Utow 



iUaouroe; but aoon Mbvfaf Sarbia it turn, eartward a. fitr ai 

 KrukhormU, where, being joined by UM Extern Morava, the 

 traam flow, norlhward thruugb UM centre of Serbia on its way to 



The A'mW rfa BMT 4J' N. lat, and flow* in a longitudinal valley 

 between two parallel range* of the Uiuaric All*, au.l in a north-wait 

 direction to Uatroehata (nwr 4)- 600, ">' Uten ahntptly t 

 aouthward U naam Mortar, where it U qianned by an ancient bridge. 

 Below Mortar the river bend, rapidly to the wrath-wort, and breaking 

 through the Prologh Mountain, croeae. Aurtrian Ualmatia and enters 

 the Adriatic by the channel of Narenta, behind the ]nin*ula of 

 Sabioncello. The valley of the Karenta U very fertile, but in many 

 part, marshy and extremely unhealthy. 



Bosnia ha. no lake, of any importance, the largert being the Mov 

 tarska Blato, wert of Mortar. It contain, a number of mineral spring*, 

 among which the bath, of Xovibazar and Itudinir, and tho acidulous 

 water, of LepenioEa or Kiwliat, are most in repute. 



Climatt, foil, and I'rvdurtt. The climate i* on the whole temperate. 

 Winter however commence, early and a great deal of mow fell*, which 

 lie* on the lowland* for many week*. In summer the heat i. moderated 

 by oooa*ional heavy fall* of nun. Wheat i harvested in July, and 

 grape* are ripe in Augurt. The air i* generally healthy *t all *ea*ons 

 except in the lowland* along the Save, the Bosna, and the Narenta, 

 where marsh fevers prevail in autumn and summer. The dry nipping 

 Burnt, or north-easter, is prevalent on the Adriatic elope especially. 



The soil of Bosnia is in general of a rocky and stony n 

 adapted rather for rearing cattle than raising grain ; some part* of it 

 however, particularly the plains and valleys near the rivers, are very 

 productive. The level lands (where there are any) and the lower 

 slApes along the riven, especially in the valley of the Bosna, are very 

 fertile, and in general well cultivated. In the basin of the Bosna the 

 wheel-plough is used drawn by six oxen. Wheat, barley, maize, and 

 rye are the chief corn crops. Peas, beans, flax, and tobacco are culti- 

 vated. Fruit is very abundant; the chestnut and mulberry are 

 common. From the plum a specie* of brandy is made, and a luscious 

 liquor, termed pekmes, is extracted from the pear. The wiues ore 

 strong and fiery, but owing to ignorance of the art of making 



ill not keep ; the best are made in the environs of Mostnr and 

 Jeni-Bazar. 



The highlands and mountains of Bosnia ore so densely covered with 

 forert. as in many parts to form impenetrable wildernesses ; the trees 

 of which they are principally comjiosed are the oak, beech, pine, fir, 

 larch, and lime. Th tinil r-trees are of the most magnificent growth, 

 and if there were means of transit Bosnia could furnish ship-building 

 timber for all the navies of Europe ; as it is, large quantities are 

 floated down the Drina, the Save, and the Danube. 



The Bosnian woods abound in wild animals doer, boars, bean, 

 wolves, lynxes, and foxes; and hunting is a favourite occupation. 

 The breed of horse* is strong and hardy; they ore also ! 



: beauty, but in most breeds the head i considered to be 

 proportionally too large. Large herds of fine cattle are kept, and 

 bullocks form a considerable article of Bosnian export. Buffaloes 

 are fed iu the aanjak of Jeni-Bazar. Many of the sheep have n, 

 winding horns, and coarse knotted wool, and are of large size. Goats 

 are common ; swine aro fed in vast numbers, and poultry is abundant 

 everywhere. The rivers abound with fish. Much hunuy in . 

 Game i* plentiful, and hawking a favourite sport. 



Tho province of Bosnia abounds with minerals, but tho Turk* have 

 not allowed the development of this source of wealth. Uold, silver, 

 < ad, coal, and salt are found at various points. The 

 mountains r ; i -Serai contain gold and i in a 



forert near Travnik, the excavations of the celebrate I . 

 Ilatnixza (literally signifying gold in the Bosnian ;o still 



viniblf. There are silver mines near Srebemiza on the Uriiut, Kruppit 

 on the Unna, and Kamengrad within a short distance of t 

 Iron-mines are worked in the vicinity of Bosna-Serai by gipsit- 

 have a number of smithies, in which hone-shoes, nails, locks, irM- 

 plates, and other wares are manufactured ; some iron is also raised at 

 Ynkup, KUri Maidau, Kamengrad, and a few otluT point-. A lead 

 min- in worked in the neighbourhood of Zvornik. There ore tine 

 quarries of freestone and mill-stones, alabaster, snd marble. Tho 

 most remarkable of the salt springs are at Upper and Lower Tuzla in 

 the valley of the Spraasa, a feeder of the Bosna. The water is drawn 

 from the wells, which are 60 feet deep, by means of a windlass and 

 bucket* and then boiled in small flat cauldrons. 



Boania pntsassm som* inconsiderable manufactures of leather and 

 cnarw. woollen stuffs. Cannon-balls are manufactured at Kamengrad, 

 and powder at Bihacs, Ortrovacz, and Banjaluka ; flnmnns, swords, 

 and snail war* at Boana-Seral, Banjaluka, and Mostar. In Mostar 



; rise wool, honoy, and wax, goats' hair, 



'i, 



sruoa, soldiarr cloaks, horses, horned cattle. Mhuep. coats, 

 swfa*. poultry, mineral water, pitch, rvtaa*. 



Th* import* consist of linens, woollens, silks, cotton goods, glass-ware, 

 flax, stool-war*, pap-T, tin, lead, copper, and iron-wnres, quicksilver. 

 .g, Indigo, colonial produce, *c. The principal seat* of trade are 

 Bo.Ba-8.ral, Zvomik, Banjalula, Mortar, and Berbir or Turkish 



