

IKSIT IUIONI:. 



fj , f frl i,,| Th* popehtina of Bothwell parish, including the 



N , . :'. 

 



d with Ifcith well 



MwaHTll ~fnad.it his residence for about four weeks n'UM 

 H^wx,*^ of this oaftie that it is perhaps the most magnificent 

 rain nooUuid ; Werdeworth give* a strikiac description of it in 

 eWtoeneof hisportM. It, T large and [bold front to the south, 

 vtah *h* oweolar towers at each end. rising from the steep and wooded 

 teas* uf the Hyde, prodnoe* a grand and impressive appearance. 

 On the opposite bank of the Clyde are the ruins of the ancient priory 

 ef fllenl iis The old church of Bothwell. which was used as a place 



-. - : HI . r. . .' :- 



reeM with targe nag* of (tone. Bothwell Bridge was the scene of 



between UM Covenanters and the royal 



r th* Duk. of Monmoath in 1679. The roadway ..f th, 



bridge WM UMB only IS feet wide ; and in the middle of the bridge 

 WM a portal with gates. Theae hare long been removed ; and a very 

 haadeoaw new bridge baa been erected. The road has alao been 

 mob widened. New Bothwell Hmugh U a bridge over the South 

 r which MOM writers hare supposed to be of Roman construe- 



Th* Roman ' Watling Street ' went through this part of the 



coosrtry for several miles on the north-east bank of the Clyde. The 

 pariah church, a An* gothic edifice, with an elegant tower 120 feet 

 high, erected in IMi, win accommodate about 1200 persons. There 

 is a ohapel-of-eae* at Holytown ; and there are in Bothwell parish 

 erveral ehapelii belonging to the Free Church and the United Presby- 

 terian Church. Extensive fields of coal exint in the parish of Both- 

 well ; iron-atone is also found in considerable quantities. There are 

 rive coal-pit* and iron-works, with several quarries of freestone, 

 give employment to many of the inhabitants. By the Cale- 

 i and other lines of railway Bothwell has communication with 

 Edinburgh, Olasgow. Aberdeen, and Ayr; and also with England. 

 Agricultural pursuit* are skilfully and successfully followed. The 

 climate U Jnbriotu, and the soil i* fertile. Organic remains of an 

 Inline Ing description have been found in the neighbourhood. 

 Willuuu Alton, author of ' Hortus Kewensis,' was a native of this 

 ntruh. Joanna Baillie, the eminent poetess, was born in Bothwell 

 Manes, her father, Dr. Baillie, being minister of the parish. 

 BOTHWKLI. fV*> DIEME.VS LAXD.] 



[ LEICESTERSHIRE.] 

 BOTTKSKuRD. [LisroLSSHlB*.] 

 ROU] 



D.1 



* i department in France formed out of 



Basse- Pro vue, is bounded V. by the department of Vaucluse, ft. .M 

 which it i* separated by the Durance, E. by the department of Var, 

 & by UM Mediterranean, and W. by the Rhone, which separates the 

 department from that of Gent It lias between 43 0' and 43 50' 

 13' and y 4V E. long.; it* greatest length is along the 

 coast, when K measures in a straight line 70 miles, but following the 

 windings of UM coast ISO miles; its greatest breadth from north to 

 south i ahnot 40 mile*. The are* is 1985 square miles : the popu- 

 Uu>.- %s 4S8.M9, which gives 216T2 to the square mile, 



11 <o above the avenge per square mile for the whole of 



, Bg eVspi ej>jf. aSc. Th* department takes its name from 

 on about the mouth* of the Rhone (Bouche* du Rhone). 

 The northern and eastern districts are hilly, being covered by the 

 stem eeettviti** of the Maritime Alps, which subside with gentle 

 lays* Into UM basin of UM Rhone, bat send out southward several 

 tnjfsnuni ridge*, which terminate abruptly. A ridge of low naked 

 hOs calW Alpines ram along the Durance to it* mouth in the 

 haaa. The hill ridges melon* numerous small basins, and from 

 their base* plain* at considerable extent stretch with gentle slope to 

 Along^th* shore are several lake*, separated from the 



;..- 'I I.. I, r. 



, 



~. \? tarrow ntts of land with on* or more op 

 to r*Mward Is) ugh sad steep. 



Th* rtrsn of UM itsamtaisut, ezospt thoe* 

 biiBjisrls*.araan. The Haveaooe rise* in UM 

 rusUroogh a vrry fsrtfl* TsJky between UM Hai 



forming a delta, which is called He de la Camargue. One branch, 

 he Orand Rhone, runs to the south-east, and enter* the sea 

 SL-Louis, where it has commenced the formation of 

 another delta. Tour St.- Louis was built about 130 years ago at the 

 u.utli 11 now above three miles from theses; and 



the new delta, consisting of the two lAry* or islands of Digue and 

 . have been formed within that period by the deppniU of the 

 The Urand Rhone contains numerous islands which greatly 

 ipede the navigation ; but vessels making for Aries enter the < 

 s-Martigues, which forms the entrance to the i-hore-lake of Berre, and 

 mmediately opposite the lighthouse called Tour-de-l'-mc )** 

 lie navigable canal de-Roue which runs across the plain of L'nui, ami 



mentioned on the 

 rise* in UM department of Var 



a vrry fsrtfl* TsJky between UM Hainte-Baume ridge on 

 ? "'TflS' Mo rfl " ^ *". > Wl int UTe sea 

 rr^5 J W *i d ' rit ' P .< wrtera are carried by an aqtie 

 >* pUu hstmea UtetteiMaad UM Satote-Victolre M.!,u, 

 walked by the Are, which rise* Dear M.-Haximin in the ,le,-t 



' ta Ki^. tk " kor * Uki 



hich oft 



ki 



great ravage* 



. ., . ..... 



^wV^MS^^taWrTridg. ^led^va^ 

 end tajailnalH In the stooy plain of Cran. Tb 

 flm. UM an* point, ^xf flowing wt pa. 

 and fcUls into th* shore Uk 



TIM west sad eeatn-wes* of UM department is flat, low, and i 

 s*ny plates aisntj. At Ark* th* Rhone drridet tola two rhsnnies. 



nearly parallel to the river up to Aries. The other brnnrli ('],.- UhAue 

 fled 1'etit-Rhone, which nins in a very winding rli.-iiin.-l into the 



. ift 



Mediterranean, a little to the west of the ancient village of Les- 

 Sainte*- Maries, famous for its old battletuented chureh. Tli;.- lnunch 

 :lionc is but a small stream, and vessels making for the inte- 

 rior from western ports pass out uf the Mediterranean into the 

 ieaucaire Canal. 



The Camaryue, which U entirely of alluvial and deltoid form 

 and which it is supposed had no exintem-e in the time of Julius 

 ?n*ar, contains nine villages, a great number of country house 

 is divided into about 350 forms. Its whole area is about ]:. 

 acres, part of which is cultivated along the channels of the Kh.'.i.. 

 the greater part of the remainder is covered in winter and spring with 

 rich pastures. The isle in protected from the inundations of the n 

 ;reat dykes, and it is sheltered from the sea by hills of aud. The 

 a rich alluvium resting on a bed of sand, which in the lower grounds of 

 .he interior of the island U so strongly impregnated with salt as to affect 

 he herbage and in some places prevent its growth. The interior of 

 the island contains many reed-marshes, and large lakes, which 

 communication with the sea ; the largest of these is the shore-lake of 

 Valcsres. All kinds of southern produce, corn, fruits, and timber 

 are grown in the island ; the vine, the olive, and the mulberry 

 flourish ; madder and wood are grown ; and on its rich pastures vast 

 numbers of sheep, cattle, and small horses are reared. The increase 

 afforded by the flocks and herds of the Camargue is stated at 1 

 ambs, 3000 calves, and 3000 horses annually. The sheep are of the 

 .raBhumautes or restless breed. They winter in the Carnargiit 

 are driven in spring into the plains of Crau, where lambing takes 

 ilace ; in May they begin to ascend the Alps, whence they return to 

 ;he Camargue about the end of October. The culture of rice wan 

 introduced into the Camargue from Lombard y in 184 7 with great 

 Buccees. The isle abounds with water-fowl ; locusts often do great 

 damage to the green crops ; and in summer the Camargue as well as 

 :he rest of the department is infested by moaijuitooR. There U a 

 lighthouse with a filed light 128 feet high on the left, liank of the 

 eastern branch of the Rhone, in 43 20' N. lat, 4 40' 22' E. long. 



Between the eastern channel of the Rhone and the shore-!' 

 Berre, the Alpines hills, and the sea, lies a vast triangular and arid 

 [ilain called the Plain of Crau. Ita surface is not level ; nor is its 

 ilope towards the sea, hut towards several points of the compass. Its 

 liighest part near Istres is 100 feet above the sea-level ; and in various 

 directions from this point the surface subsides into hollows, some dry, 

 some filled with water. The central part of its area consists of n 

 rcddUh-brown clay covered with shingle ; but there are grassy and 

 woody spots here and there, and its borders and lowest lev. 

 cultivated with success by a system of irrigation ni:iiiiuini>d by a 

 branch of the Craponnc Canal which traverses the plain. The stones 

 on the desert part ot- the Crau vary from the size of a pea to the 

 bigness of a man's head ; under and between these there is some 

 scanty vegetation, on which during the spring large flocks of sheep 

 feed, turning over the stones with their muzzles as they advance. In 

 the cultivated spots, besides common products, the vine, olive, mul- 

 berry, and other fruit-trees flourish. 



The department contains several extensive salt-lakes, which com- 

 municate with the sea by natural channels or by canals. The 

 largest of these is the shore-lake of Berre, which is 12 miles long and 

 40 miles in circuit It is entered by the harbour of Tour-de-Bouc, 

 which has a lighthouse and several strong defences. The lake 

 contains vast ipmntities of eels and other fish. There are .- 

 small islands inhabited by a few fishermen along the coast ; the most 

 nit are those of Pomcgue, Ratoneau, and If, famous for its 

 strong fortifications and its prison at the entrance of the port of 

 Marseille. A little south-west of these is the Isle of Planier, on 

 which there is a lighthouse. 



Communicatiom. The department is crossed by several canals, the 

 most important nf which is the Craponne Canal, which has its sum- 

 mit level in the Durance, and by its branches communicates with the 

 shore-lake of Berre and the Rhone. The Alpine or Boisgelin Canal 

 has it* summit level in the Durance also, at Mallomort; it crosses 

 the north-west of the department, and divides into several bra: 

 which are distinguished by different names from the dintricta irr 

 by thorn. The department is traversed by 6 royal and 15 <] 

 mental roads, which give a total of about 500 mile* of common 

 roadway. A railway ]iassing through Berre and 8t.-Chamas inns 

 in the department from Marseille to Aries. The aqueduct destined 

 to convey a supply of water from the Durance to the city of Marseille 



