BOOTAKK K 



n 



A : 



seed*. 4U. fcra UM HMD* of a brisk trad*. 



ra* tit* bishopric of MwMilU 

 UM archdiooae* of 

 Mdktion of the High Court 

 of Aix/and belong, to UM Mil 



(Nlttmmnn *W I* Pnmtf, IH45.) 



Auitwtl 



B. ND. [Xw OaoaoiA Amcmntukoo.] 



BO' .KKAT. -bhir., a townahip and the seat of a 



Bioa. m UM parish of St Oswald and hundred of Broxton, 

 OM mO* B. turn Ck**Usr. aad IBS mile. X.W. from London by road. 

 The Chester aad Crrw. railway pa**** through UM pariah : the popu- 

 k*ioaofUMtowakipiami wai 114. Tb. living of 8t Oswald's 

 i* a Tioarag* in UM awhdtaeoary and diooa** of Chester. Great 

 natal * Poor-Lur fnion contain. 100 parisbe. and townships, with 

 aa ana of JT.loTacrea, and a population in 1851 of 26,570. Great 

 i* beconia*; a suburb to the cHy of Cheiter. It con- 

 There i* a National school at Great 



iSt-ILLOX. UM capital of the ancient duchy of Bouillon, now 

 (orauac UM wMOra part of UM Belgian province of Luxembourg, is 

 aWilTi Mar the Franca frontier on the left bank of the river Semoy, 

 aad 14 mil- from if junction with the Xeuse, in 49* 48' N. lat, 

 4* W K. long. : population, 2800. The duchy is a hilly district lying 

 m UM middle of the Ardennes, and between the former grand duchy 

 . . .. 



The Iowa i* small but neatly built The castle of Bouillon, which 

 wa* formerly thought to be impregnable, is built upon a steep rock 

 overlooking UM town : it ha* been recently repaired, and is now used 

 a* a military pruua The dungeons are hewn out of the solid rock. 



Tk* town aad duchy of Bouillon were UM hereditary poaaesaions of 

 Oodfrry. the Matter of UM first Cruaade and king of Jerusalem, which 

 ofty a. took m 109*: To provide funds for hi. expedition, Godfrey 

 old UM docby to Albert, biabop of Liege, subject to the right of 

 redemption on the part of th* vendor or hi. immediate heirs. Godfrey 

 having died in UM Holy Land, this sale became cause of dispute 

 U* Mir* aad UM bishop, each party having recourse to arms 

 irt of their pretenatoo*, Alisr this petl 



this petty war had been 

 as to obtain for the duchy the 

 MBM of ' UM Phai*thl* Land,' it remained for some time in the 

 Maoatbt* poawaaoa of UM prince biabop of Liege. The bishop having 

 taken part ia the war again* France, Loui. XIV. caused the town 

 aad *aHli of Boailloa to be seised in 1672, and at the congress of 

 Kaaa*ga*a ia 178 it wa* ctlpnlatod that France should retain posaes- 

 **a MMl arbitrator* to be appointed for the purpose should have 

 dMaied betWMO UM olamu for the duchy set up by the descendant* of 

 the bars of Godfrey aad IheBuhop of Liege. In the meanwhile Louis 

 had lansUd th* family of La Tour d'Auvergne with the duchy. A 

 daasadaat of that boa**, Philip d'Auvergn*, a captain in the English 

 avy. cammed in 17W th* UU* of Prince de Bouillon,' which he con- 

 t*Ba*4 to bear until bis death in 1814. The long-disputed territory 

 was adjudged by UM ooagr*** of Vienna in 1815 to the king of the 

 Catted XetMriatKb, at duk. of Luxembourg : in the division of that 

 **ay, ooaawaa** upon th* revolution of 1830, Bouillon fell to the 



. 



W* QV DMBVM. 



ILLV. (Arwtl 

 fCarao.J 



BOCLOOKK. (gBJtt. Department of] 



BMt'lOONB-aCR-MEK. a *aaport town in the department of 

 Paxte-Calaia la France, etand. hi 60' 44' N. lat, T 35' K. long., at 

 UM atowih of UM Lhrn, which fall. Into UM Kn K lwh Ohanalwd 

 tsnas UM karhow. It i* 170 miU* disUat X N W from Paris by 

 nOnad Uuwafh Amteas aad Abbeville, and 29 mile* from Folkestone 

 *aUMatof Kes* tU^populaUoa U said to exceed 30,000, about 



P' > *'f h " ** of UM aoewBt Gaorianm, which wa.. 

 tarritorrof th. Mortal, a tribe of UM Belg. (M.la, iii. 2.) 

 a^ aaaW UM RMMJM, UM okkf port of embark. 



lafaMd that Julius Cnsar embarked 

 but D'Anville and other high 

 Irlu* of CMV with WiUand or 

 ard Mar Cap* Grinex. D'Anville 

 ^"^f ClMirliliai that UM tower wa* ersetod by Caligula, 



mttfftfSit^t, MlaiM**tlM ! ^j^. cLZl * *" Briuin 

 TM| M rtBiBrMaia" i wiU?whioh 



M*tt*MMjLsj 



IM* of U* fp*r ^n. at UM 

 -. V, UM .M nifcM 



e, M*J of King Philippe Augnste 



-: 

 Ma tovnL turn loelovnrv wtm 



which 

 Sr 

 ^ired 

 by Hnry VIII . 



wa. 



greatly to it* defenom. Exlward VI. restored Boul.igne to France 

 m 15SO. The ramparU of the upper town are utill standing : they are 

 planted with a double row of trees, and command a rii-w of the 

 lower town, th* usa, and in fine weaUi.-r of the coast of England. 

 The upper town i* entered by three gates. The ciudrl i* used as an 

 armoury and barrack, and iu vaults are converted into a powder 

 maiM Boulogne was in 1804 the central rendexvous of the army 

 which Napoleon had aawmhled for the invasion of Englaml. A 

 Dorio column erectod on the cliff about a mile from the town was 

 commenced by the grand army, but not complete*! till after tin- 

 restoration of the Bourbons an event which it was then made to 

 commemorate. In 1H41 it was restored to its original purpose, and 

 <i rin. -tinted by a statue of Napoleon 1C feet high. Tho height of the 

 column, which is built of marble, in 164 feet. 



I the peace of 1815 Boulogne has much increased in extent 

 mil population. It is much resorted to as a bathing-place, and many 

 English families have made it their permanent residence. The uppi-r 

 town is the most ancient part of Boulogne; it has for the most 

 part narrow irregular street*, but good houses. A house in tho street 

 leading to the Calais gate is marked with an inxcription us the 

 deathplaoe of Le Sage, author of ' Oil Bias.' (Tho English poets 

 Churchill and Campbell died in Boulogne.) The lower town, which is 

 connected with the upper town by a long, wide, and well-built but steep 

 rtreet called the Orande Rue, extends down tho slope of the 

 hill to the river. This part is rejularly built There is also a 

 large suburb called Capfcure, on the left bank of the Liane. The 

 lower town is larger, more populous, and more commercial than the 

 upper town. The supply of water is by means of fountain*, of which 

 there are S in the upper town, and 12 in the lower. The town is 

 well lighted with gas. There are promenades on the rampart* of the 

 upper town ; and there is an open space called the TVntillrrirt, on 

 the north side of the lower town which is bordered with trees, and 

 surrounded with new streets and elegant houses, inhabited very 

 generally by English families. The sands are of considerable extent, 

 and form an excellent promenade at low water. 



Among the public buildings of the upper town are the town-hall, 

 which occupies the site of the palace of the counts of Boulogne; 

 the Beffroi, an ancient tower 140 feet high, commanding from its 

 summit a fine view of the town and harbour ; the court-house ; the 

 former episcopal palace, now used as a boarding school ; and the 

 prison. The finest building however in the old town is the cathedral 

 of Notre-Dame, which was commenced in 1827, nml i nw <-<>m- 

 pleted. It stands on the site of the cathedral which wan Aef 

 in the first revolution. In the lower town are the hotel of the 

 sub-prefect ; the church of St-Nicholas ; the building formerly a 

 aeminary for the priesthood, aud now occupied by several institutions 

 for the promotion of science; the barracks; the great hospital; a 

 museum (in the Orande Rue) which contains collections of natural 

 history and antiquities, paintings, casts, and also the public free 

 library of 25,000 volumes. There are in Boulogne several churches ; 

 three convents, the nuns of which educate a vast number of young 

 children, who attend the different schools under their direction ; 

 several Protestant chapels ; an infant asylum ; a humane society ; 

 several elementary schools under the direction of the Christian 

 Brothers; a free school for navigation; and several boarding schools. 

 Of places of amusement may be mentioned the theatre, and tin- 

 -I'li-ii'lid bathing establixhmrnt which containx music, reading, and 

 card-rooms. Boulogne is the seat of tribunals of first instance and of 

 commerce. The railway station is situated on tho left bank of the 

 Liane near Place Bellevue. 



Boulogne is a tide harbour. The entrance to it is formed by two 

 piers, of which the western extends 2204 feet into the sea, and the 

 eastern 1640 feet The depth of water between them is at high tides 

 as much as 30 feet Having passed this channel, vessel* reach an 

 inner basin surrounded by quays, which extend a good way up tho 

 Liane. Above the basin a considerable body of water is kept in tho 

 bed of the Liane by means of sluices for tho purpose of cleansing 

 the harbour. At low water the inner basin in empty, and vessels rest 

 on the mud : it has lately been proposed to convert it into a wet 

 dock. The entrance to the harbour ix defended by forts and bat- 

 teries. The trade of the town is considerable. The herring and 

 mackerel fisheries call into employment a considerable capital, and 

 several voswls are fitted out for the Newfoundland 

 Coarse woollens, sailcloths, pottery, nets, and tulles are manufactured. 

 Then- are also a linen-yarn factory which contains 30111) : --|.in.H.-, 

 glaas-bottle works, rope-walks, gin distilleries, sugar refineries, tan- 

 yards, tile and brick works. The coasting trade is active. There is 

 constant communication with London, Dover, and Folkestone by 

 IsaiiKss. Boulogne is one of the principal ports for tho passenger 

 traffic between England and Franco : the number of passengers from 

 and to England in 1849 and 1860 amounted to 64,997, aud 86,415 

 respectively. 



Several Roman antiquities including medals and tombs have been 

 discovered at Boulogne. On a cliff to the left of the entrance to the 

 port stood Caligukvs tower. It was an octagon ; each side is said to 

 have been sbout 20 feet at the base, and it rose to the height of 

 125 feet It had 12 stages or floors, and the diameter of tip 

 appears to have diminished 3 feet at each stage, so as to form so 



