BOCRBON L'AKrHAUllAfl.T. 



BOOBHK, 



wiihiaf to land mn finrt jump into the water. 



-FMl i* prrhap* ' tl >' better Uuui thn ' 



el. my 



b 



Tfce nlrlTirl U 81-FMl 



Deal*, bat there t* ao otW pUo* round the bl 



d wh 



._ UM town of St-Deni. U neatly and regulariy 



laid cat at U** fcot aad on the aid* of a hill which aaoend* with a 

 gmdaal elope, afcrdia* ndUtie* for drainage. The hoiuc* are gene- 

 rally iij*li*i1iil of wood, with a *hmfU roof. The public building* 

 iaotai** UM Governor"* boo**, the Palak de Jiutioe, or Supreme ( 'ourt 

 4 UM aaaad. three churche*. the Central College, or Lyoee Colonial, 

 UM military barraok* and hoapital. and a amaU theatre. A Roman 

 fVUf. bMnin ha* bean Utely appointed to the Wand. The village 

 of SL-Aadre ki Hoatad on the road from Sl-Deni* to the Sahude 

 Tb. valWy in which the SaUuie spring i* utuated contain* a 

 of about 3000. The bland of Bourbon U the only 

 which UM French now po**e* between Africa and India. 

 (Bory d 8t Vmetot, F***V* * la Q*otn lilt* de la Her 

 J/VifW ; Tboma*, Rmti J* t9ati**iur tit FlUt de Bourbon ; Rough 

 .VuJrt / a Tr,f lo Xtumiom, ilumriliiu, awl Ceylon, by Fred. J. Mouat, 



'Ucatte, 1841) 



BO0BBOX (.'ABOBAJtBAUIiT. [ALLIIR.] 

 BOl'RB- [SAOSE-IT-LOIRE.] 



i :, ; S \ KM'ftl \ ' : i 



. N N.'IS . . V ' I O Bta J I': :. . OB ' ' thl "^ 



province* or military government* into which, before the revolution, 

 that kingdom wa* divided. It wa* bounded N. by Bern and Nivernois; 

 E. by Btmrgofne; aE.br Lyonnai* ; & by Auvcrgne ; S.\V. by La- 

 March* ; and V. by Bern. It* gnatect length was 92 miles, and it* 

 nala* ImerHli TTII Iff milt It now form* the department of Allier, 

 aad UM arronduMOMot of St-Amand in the department of Cher. 



M~rli-. on the Allier, wa* the capital. The other chief towns were 

 Bourbon rArchambault, """. and Montlucon. [ALLIER ; CUER.] 



BOURBO' an.] 



fBAJUAJUU.] 



the name of Mveral place* in France, which are distin- 

 guubrd from each other by come surname, and will be found 

 notion! in the following department* AlN; Aunt CHE; DROME; 

 UiaoxDE: IXDRI; lakRc; LOIRE; LOIRE-! xrtHiECRB. 



K. [CRKCTE.] 



BOURQBB, a city of France, formerly capital of the province of 

 Bern, BOW of the department of Char, i* situated at the junction of 

 UM Aaron, UM Yerre, and the YeVrette, which throw their united 

 water* into UM Cher. It *Und* in 47 !,' X. lat, 2 23' 43" E. long., 

 at a dictaace of about 70 mile* S. by E. from Orleans by railroad : 



ThkcHy i* built on the ite of Avaricuin, which was the capital of 

 UM Bitorigt* Cubl Avaricum wa* besieged by Julius C.-caar in the 

 war atnh*rt Verdagatorix, and taken by itorm after a moat deter- 

 mined reeMUoot on the part of the inhabitants, who were all put to 

 tbeiword without reaped to *ge or *ex. ('Bell. Gall.' vii. 13-33.) 

 It wa* afterward* fortified by the Roman*, and became at an early 

 period of UM Chrwtian en the teat of a bUhop. Towards the close 

 of the Roman period it loet the name of Avaricum, which was taken 

 from the A van, now the Yevre, and assumed Chat of Bituriges, from 

 which UM modern name i* derived. In 475 the town came into the 

 i of the ViaigoUn, from whom it pasaed to the Franks, in conao- 

 i of the victory of Clovi* at VouiM In the early age* of the 

 a<mnh/ Bourge* luflered much from the ravages of war, 

 was repaired by Charlemagne, and afterward* by Philippe 

 la the dupute* of the bouae* of Bourgogne and Orleans it 

 If eioge directed by Charle* VL in penon. In 1562 it was 

 1 garrieooed by the Huguenot*, who were driven out of it by 

 UM royal trope* OD UM lat of September of the same year. 



Buaiaai I* divided into aa old and a new town, the Utter extending 

 nej every *UU round the former, which stand* on a hill. The street* 

 an crooked; aad UM gable and* of the hotuei, which are low and 

 roofed with UM*, give the town a TOT homely aspect. Bourges wu 

 aarruuaded by rampart*, which were defended by 24 towers. 

 (U tower, an atOI *Uoding, but the ramparU have been 

 mto promenade* Within the circuit of the 

 and many open (pace* laid out in walk* 



wall* to UM view ; bat within then an good mansion,, with 

 MTVymnti aad gardea*. Three mamdoos an inhabited chiefly by 

 r of UM aid ngtee, a ebai of which Bourgw powMM. a greater 



*r Uaw peraap* aay other provincial town in France. 



Bovrfe* turmmtj had a univrraity of gnat npttte, which wa* 

 Hm.il at the nvolotioo, when the town wnered greatly from 

 . ma i of that period. The oathedral of SL-Etionne, which 

 UM ravafie of the revolution, i* one of the nobkwt gothic 

 U *Uad* on the bi|XM*t *pot in the city; it* 



all 



richly omanxDied. UM central one pr 

 oUtionofthl*tjodgmenL The edifice 



i* 370 fool long and 131 foot wide. The vaulted roof of thr 

 which i 121 feet high and 40 feet wid.-, i* Mii.|K,rt.-.l l.y oolumn* 

 45 feet high, and of great delicacy of workmanship. The interior il 

 lighted through 59 magnificent painted windows, some of which are 



iut tln< l-'lh coulir !! liall was formerly tho houe 



of Jaoque* ' licheat subject of hi* tinn-, wh.o treasure* 



enabled Charle* VII. to reconquer the country from the Englian. 

 This edifice U in the richest style of the architecture < 

 century. The arcbiepiaoopal palace i* a building of great magnifi- 

 " i garden attached to it is uaed a* a public promenade. The 



the garde 



ramarkahla building* are tho churches of Notre- Dame and 

 house built on the cite of tin- I<1 |..ilaoc of 

 the duke* of Bern, the former ecclesiastical college, now UK. 

 leu-rack*, and the house of Louis XL, a beautiful structure of the 

 Renaissance style. 



Bourges is the seat of an archbishop whose sea coni*t.- <>" <!>< 

 department* of Cher and Indre, and whose suflfragaus are the bishop* 

 of Clermont, Limoges, Le-Puy, Tulle, and St -Flour. The archbishop 

 formerly took the title of patriarch and primate of Aquilaiu.-. Tlu- 

 iiifthopnc of Hourgea dates from A.I). 252. 



Bourges i* the seat of a High Court and a University Acadomy. 

 [t is also the head-quarters of the 19th Military Division which 

 includes the departments of Cher, Nievre, Allier, and liulre. There 

 are in the town a public library containing 20,000 volumes, an eccle- 

 siastical college, a theatre, several hospitals, a museum of iiiiti<; 

 Ac. In the neighbourhood there is a mineral spring. The chief 

 manufactures are broadcloth, blankets, cutlery, Boltprtiv, j* 

 and plate, beer, and leather. Of these articles, and of corn, lump, 

 wool, skins, and wood, the trade of the town consist*. Tribunals of 

 first instance and of commerce are held in the town. 



BOCRQOQNE (Burgundy), a former province of France, was 

 bounded N. by Champagne, E. by Franche-Comto', S. by Heanjolais, 

 and W. by Bourbonnoia and Nivernois. Ita length from Bar-sur-Seine 

 to Mirebel, near Lyon, was 150 miles, and from Auxonne to Vczelay 

 it measured 80 miles. Before the revolution it formed one of the 

 most important governments of France. It was divided into several 

 territories, of which the principal were Dijonnait of which Dijon 

 was the capital ; the territory of Montagne, whi'-h li:id Clii'itillou for 

 its chief town ; Brcmc, of which the capital was Bourg ; the district 

 of Gex, of which Qex was the capital ; and the principality of Dombn, 

 the chief town of which was Trovoux. Bourgogne now fonns the 

 departments of CoTE-D'On, SAONE-ET-LOI i ;md part of those 



of AiNond AnSE. The capital of the province wan Dijon. H-nir- 

 gogue is very fertile, and is particularly famous for its wines, the 

 boat kinds of which are those of Volnay, Meursault, Romance, Clos- 

 Vougeot, Chambertin, Nuits, and Pomard. 



This country was in ancient times inhabited chiefly by the -I'.l-.i. 

 a powerful Celtic tribe, whose capital was Bibracte, the modern 

 Autun. In the division of (Jiillia under Augustus into four pr.ivinr<->- 

 it was comprised in Uallia I.ngdiinensi*. Early in the 5th rcntury 

 the BurgundioneH, a VaiuLil horde, entabliahed themselvc* in the 

 country and founded a powerful kingdom, which was from them 

 named Bourgogne. This kingdom did not coincide in extent with 

 the province of Bourgogne, but was much larger, including also the 

 basin of the Rh&ne, and part of that of the Loire, together with Savoy. 

 About the year 1032 the kingdom of iiiirgundy, or of Aries, as it win 

 then called, terminated, having come into the possession of Conrad, 

 emperor of Germany. Somewhat ; Inter Burgundy was governed by 

 hereditary dukes, the last of whom was Charles the Hash, who fell at 

 the siege of Nancy in 1477. As he left no male issue th.-d,i.-h\. 

 which was then nearly co-extensive with the province of Bourgognc, 

 reverted to tho crown of France, and has ever since belonged to that 

 country. The history of Bourgogne belongs to another department 

 of the ' English Cyclopaedia.' 



'IN. '[IM.UE.] 



BOUHNK, Lincolnshire, a market town and the seat of a Poor-Law 

 Union, in the parish of Bourne, wapentake of Aveling and part* 

 of Kesteven, i* situated on the ro:ul from London to Lincoln, in 

 52' 47' N. lat, 22' W. long., :;:. mil.- S. by E. from Lincoln, :md 

 '.C inileH X. by \V. from London. Spalding station on the ' 

 Northern railway, which is about 9 miles from Bourne, in ilit miles 

 from London: the imputation of the town or I'.onrne in 1351 wan 

 2789. Tho living is a vic.-u-:t:-. in th^ archdeaconry and diocese of 

 Lincoln. Bourne Poor-Law Union contain* '>. |.:.ri -h. - .-mil town- 

 wilh an area of 84,962 acre*, and a population in 1851 of 

 22,435. 



Bourne had in Saxon time* a castle, which WOK the seat of a lord- 

 nhip of Home nc.le. A bourn or brook rise* on the western Hide of 

 the town, and after a circuitous route joins the Carxdyke, which is 



navigable for small craft to Market I \rn\x .-m.l Strimf. ,H. 'I'll.: 



church, formerly an abbey church, in in the Norman and early Knglish 

 style with two towers : of the towers, the one which is etanding is 

 ruinous. There are place* of worship for Baptists, Wesleyan Metho- 

 dists, and Independents. The endowed Grammar school. f..un.l. .1 

 by a Mr. Trollo]w in 1636, ha* an income from endowment of 3M. a 

 year, and had 14 scholar* in I*. 12. There are National Hcliool^ for 

 boys and girls, and a mechanics library. Bourne chiefly consists of 

 four itreet* which diverge from the spacious marketplace. In the 



