

BRAZIL. 





ao* wr*. '' pi** HCOlha. in weight w.u 



UM Unrest pieo* of native copper ever discovered. 



_. in the volley of the Iguop*. an affluent of the Paraguocu, 

 I a small town is of some Importance as the centre of the 

 oh arteads for nve or six miles north of th* town, 

 i above M psiafaHnn* /ttex, at the mouth of the river 

 ofUM*B*meaaaM,wa* bunded in 1586; it has a good deal of trade, 

 and contains nearly SOOO inhabitant*, (rfuvura, a town some miles 

 oath of nhooa, ha* oUo some local importance. CasMumt, at the 

 mouth of UM Bay of Camamn, popuUtion 8000, U a busy port-town ; 

 ire ohMy of timber end rice. 



the exports or* i 



ly of timber and rice. JOCOOIM, on the loft bank 

 it* eonlaene* with UM Oura, U the centre of a bu.y 

 fur iu tobacco : population together 



T. Serecip. del Rejr comprehends the country to the north of the 

 river Rio Real, a* tu- as th* embouchure of the Francesco, and 140 

 mile* inland. Iu eurCsoe i* a pUin. with th* exception of a few 

 hill*, bat the west portion is considerably higher than the east, which 

 is covered with forest*, intermingled with patches of cultivated 



(The west country is generally stony, with few woods or 

 IrocU. and i* very deficient in water. It supplies only very 

 L pasture for cattle. In the east district the plantations of 

 ton, and tobacco are numerous. The harbours are formed 

 by the ia-*n*fr* of the rivers, which are neither Urge nor deep 

 tart*for*>, or a* it is commonly called Strtytpt, population 3000, the 

 capital of the provlnee, i* situated near the river Paramopama, an 

 ana of the Rio Vasaherria, 18 miles from the sea : coasting vessels 

 COOM up to th* town. It has manufactories of sugar and tobacco, 

 and some tan-pita. E*<mcin, population about 3000, 18 miles from 

 the sea un the Rio Real, oarrie* on an active commerce in the produce 

 of the country. 



8. AUgoaa. This province has been already described. [ALAUOAS.] 

 The present capital is MaceiA, or Maitayo, the seat of government 

 having been removed there from Alagoa*. The town consists of a 

 ingle street of whit* houses, ranged along the beach at the back of 

 the harbour of the same name, which U formed by a coral reef, and 

 aflbrd* good anchorage. The town contains four churches, a govern- 

 ment none*, a theatre, and about 0000 inhabitants. The chief exports 

 ere sugar, cotton, hides, and Brazil-wood, but the product* of the 

 pimino* are chiefly sent to BehU and Pernambuco for shipment 

 Hotue lac. is made at Maceio. 



. Pemambooo oonsisU of two parts, ono on the coast, and the 

 other on UM table-lsnd. The Utter is distinguished by the name of 

 HvrUo de Pernambuco. The country along the shore* extending 

 between UM river Uu* and Ooyanna is in general flat, but farther 

 inland it pnecnU a succession of hill and dale, intermixed with 

 soo* level gruund* of considerable extent Where it appi.... he, th.- 

 HerUo the surface is stony and sterile. The SerUo, which extends 

 Jung; the left bank of the Kio S. Francesco, between the pi 



.ut, as far as the Kio Carinhoiiha, an affluent of the 

 Rio R Fnneseoo (near 16* S. lat) i* a portion of the table-land of 

 llnuil, and comprehends the greater port of the salt steppe* .. 

 described. Other portions however afford excellent pasture for cattle, 

 and on the bank* of the river the plantations of cotton are increasing. 

 Sagor and cotton, and other common productions of tropical climates 

 are cultivated, and dye-wood i* got in th,. forests, nearly Inn 

 Bile* from the sea. Cloee to the mainland and aUut 30 mile* 

 north from Pernambuco city is the island of linmaraca, celebrated 

 for UM fertility of iu soil, iu salt-works, and iU fisheries. The island 

 is about 20 miles long and 2) miles broad ; it contains two . three 

 village, several churches, a theatre, and about 8000 inhabitants. 

 Vast quantities of cocoa-nut palms grow on the. island ; sugar, rice, 

 aad luandiuc are also raised. The numerous harbours along the 

 coast of Poroambuco ore only adapted for small craft, except those 

 of Catuama, Recife, and Tamandare. Th* port of Catuama i* at 

 the north entrance of the strait, which divides the island of Itainaraoa 

 from UM continent, and near the north part of the coast Recife is 

 the harbour of the town of Pernambuco ; and the port of Tamandare 

 lie* about M mile* aouth-w**t of Cape a Auguttinho. The last 

 named I* the best, and capable of holding large vesseU, being four 

 and five fathom* deep at th* entrance, and six fathoms within 



"d*" * " of Recife and Olinde, hi. h e pose the town of 



PoMAMBCco, there is Oofmua, popuUtion 6000, al the juncti 

 two river*, 16 mil** from the sea, which ex)K>rU considerable quantities 

 *2hul? ""^f"? a T* ohuroh . hospital, and some other 

 pOtobnOdh^aiKj UUMasal of civil and criminal courts. Some 

 factories have been -^Mtahtd here. 



10. ParnohyU do Xorte extends about 60 mile* along th* coast 

 from UM K Ooyanna to th* Bay of Marcos, and 210 miles at iU 



width from east to west More than two-thirds of iu 

 bar* an arid soil and on not cultivated. Th* cultivated 

 Wade are in UM vicinity of ...me river* and on the mountain ridge*, 

 whieti are generally covered with tree* and bare a strong soiL The 

 pnoopol nroducu are sugar, cotton, mandioc, maUe, and tobacco, 

 w,Ui .xodMOt fruiU. Iu few port* can only receive small vessel*; 

 it from Cap* Branco a reef extend* nearly 18 miles north, between 

 wnieh and UM beach there are nine sod tea fathoms of water, in which 

 Te***i.canrid*insai*ty. ^OHM***, the capital of the province, popu- 



lation 15,000, is on the iit bunk, 10 uiilm alxive the embouchure of 

 the river of the some name, which, though about three miles wide 

 at iU mouth, allows ships to ascend only for three miles ; nothing 

 but smack* can come up to the town, the commerce of which in the 

 produce of the province i* considerable. In the town are . 

 and other worthou**, the president's palace, the treasury, 

 some ediSor, several churches a-id convent*, an arsenal, m 

 electoral college. 



11. Rio Grande do Notts extends along the coast from the Bay of 

 Marcos to a range of hills called the Sena of A|.] !%. l>y which it 

 is separated from Ceara, and it runs 100 miles inland. Its surface is 

 generally uneven and hilly ; at a few place* it raw into mountains ; 

 forest*, however, are rare and of no great extent, but they produce 

 very fine Brazil-wood. The climate is healthy ; in general the soil 

 is dry, and bent adapted to the cultivation of i-uttnu: but in 



and maize are raised abundantly ; the sugar-cone and rice are also 

 cultivated. Along the App" ar the boundary of Ceard 



and elsewhere, are several salt-lake*, from which grv.. 

 of excellent salt are extracted. The few harbour* naive 



coast sre not deep. Xatdt, population about 1<'.>" ". ti.. . .]>.t;il of 

 the province, is advantageously situated on the right Will, 

 < intude, near two miles above iU mouth. It lion also an easy com- 

 munication with the inland districts, the river being i. r large 

 barks near 40 miles. It carries on a considerable export tra. i 

 The Island of Fernando de Noronha, 3 30' S. Lit., about 250 miles 

 east-north-east of Cape S. Roque, belongs to thin province. It IB 



10 miles long, generally hilly and stony, with a few small portions 

 of loud capable of cultivation. Convicts ore transported 



12. Ceard or Seora extends from the Scrra Ap|K>dy to the Serra 

 Hibiapabe, which terminates between the rivers Camucim mid 

 Parnahyba. in hills not far distant from the sea, and separates it 

 from Piauhy. It U computed to measure from north to south above 

 300 miles. The surface of this province is generally uneven, but the 

 valleys ore wide and not deep ; the elevations are not great, except 

 towards the south and west boundary-line. The soil U in c 

 sandy and comparatively unfeitilo, except on the sides of the 

 mountains, where it u rich and covered with forests. In the 

 lower districts grain and mandioc ore cultivated. Along the 

 cotton is grown. The district about the upper bra 



Jnguaribe, the principal river of the province, is the most 

 populous. Ccarn is celebrated for its cattle, of which large numbers 

 are reared. The chief exports of tin- provinei- iuv 1 u, and 



dye-woods. The country often suffers much from long drought*. 

 The descendant* of the aborigines are numerous, especially in the 

 less fertile districts. The shores, which iu some parU are steep, in 

 others flat and sandy, have no ports except for small counting vessels. 



i, funncil . |nil.itinii about :',<mi>, th, 



qitimted near the beach about 7 miles north-west of the mouth ..I the 

 ara. It has no harbour and very little comim-ixe. 'I here are 

 few public buildings, but the town is ...iid to ).,- in.; 

 once. Arotaty, on the Jaguarihe, 8 miles above iU n. 

 most commercial and populous tov.n in the province. 

 four churches, and 5000 inhabitants, and export** cotton nnd li. 

 large quantities. The tide, which runs : 



tatos the navigation. Suliral, not far from the bank of the Camucim, 

 the second town iu commerce and population, i about 7" miles from 

 the sea. It* port is Oranja, on the left bank of : ' mile* 



from the sea. led, situated on the plain east of the Kio Jaguar 

 Salgada, is the most important town in tin- interior. I: 

 three principal streeU, and several nmaller ones, n: 

 churcheit and nearly 6000 inhabitants. It is the chief mart for the 



of the province. 



i. 1'iauhy has only a coast of about CO milos between the Serra 

 Hibiapaba and the mouth of the Rio Parnnhyl.a. which . 



11 from Mamnhio ; but it extends 400 miles i lie source of 



that river. This province in only h I oun.l iry -Hi f Ceard 



and I', niiitnliuco ; it is particulaily a.lapt.sl t.i the breeding of horses 

 and cattle, the postures in the southern portion of the plain 

 I'aruahyba being extensive and excellent. Besides cattle and horse*, 

 cotton is exported, and, in addition t other grains, rice and u. 



ore particularly cultivated. Silver, lead, and iron exist, but at 

 worked to any extent Salt is found and monufactui 

 Independent triln-s still exist iu the south district, between the rivers 

 Parnahyba and Oorguea. It has no port, except that foi i 

 east month ..!' th.. Ki<> I'aruohyba, called Higuarassii. Oeyreu, the 

 capital, is situated in a circular valley on we small i 

 which, 3 miles lower down, falls into the Caninde, a tributary of the 

 Parnahyha. It in a small town with 8000 inhabitants, and contains the 

 provincial house of assembly, three churches (two of th. m untiii 

 a jail, hospital, barracks, and the ruins of the JesuiU' college. / ' 

 hytta, pojiul.. e on the Higuorossu, the east and mo 



siderable branch of the 1'ornoliyba, 1 5 miles from the sea, and carries 

 on on active trade in hides and cotton. 



14. Maranhao comprehends the western portion of the plain of the 

 Parnahyba, extending along the coast 350 miles from 



.f the Rio Parnahyba to that of the Turyvasau, 



'. inland. It is more hilly than Piauhy, especially in th- 

 south districts, but towards the sea extremely productive in rice and 



