



MtmlI*fe*Mpd of Uto yean in carrying oat German 

 mm ** AaCsfUTfl,. cbUf import, are raw cotton, cotton 

 MMtr, MflW, Ua,tobMOO, dye-*toft, and otber colonial produce. 

 sTtooM and of UMoa, grain, oak bark, 

 wool, woollen good*, and win*. The 

 'a, above 100 dMtiUwM*. tanyards. 

 nctori**, cotton mills, blMeb-works, 



boot tb* J~r 788, when H became 

 In IBS it gave title to an archbishop. The 

 Hi innlMhiUnil rulers, who promoted 



ra/owoa wttb tb* flillliHn laga. In 1810 it was incorporated 

 wnb tb* French empira, bat nooverd it* independence after the 

 fete 181J. and ww admitted a member of the Germanic 

 . as OM of tb* Frw Hans* Towns, by the Congress of 



A raOway and electro-telegraphic win* run up the right bank of 

 tb* W**sr to Hanover, giving Bremen acces* to the Prussian and 

 Rtusw ijnmi rf rritr J - The electro-telegraphic wire is continued 

 ortbwmrd to Bremerbaven and Stade. 



frm Haute Town of Brtmr* ; 



BRETiTA itL Roman MtJamaa Major), a river of North Italy, 

 rim from two small lakes near Pergine, in the Tyrol a few miles E. 

 from Trento, flows eut through a long and narrow valley between 

 k%fc ntoonUins, then turns south at Primolano, where it enters the 

 Venetian territory. At Bassano the Brenta issues from the moun- 

 tain* into tb* great Paduan plain. At Limena there proceeds from it 

 a canal called La BrentolU, which joins the Bacchiglione. The 

 BraaU continue* it* ooune in a south-east direction, passing near 

 Padua ; it then assumes a ooune nearly due east towards the lagoons 

 of Venice. Near Stra, H receives a canal from the Bacchiglione, 



, through Padua. At Dolo, below Strh, another canal, 

 va, carries part of the waters of the Brenta in a 

 direction for nearly 20 miles to Brondolo, at the south 

 of tb* Tisi.1l.li lagoons. Tbe main stream however con- 

 > course to Funina, where it entered the lagoons opposite to 

 TW iii<s>siim>d i mtsidnrsliln mischief by the violence of its current 

 and it* frequent overflowing, to prevent which the Venetians made a 

 M Mid oat (Brenta Xuoviauma) at La Mira, a little below Dolo, which 



i nearly parallel to tb* other, until both streams join near 

 Brondolo. where they enter the sea. The original bed of the Brenta, 

 from La Mira to Fusina, was at tbe same time embanked and made 

 into a canal with looks, and it took the name of Brenta Morta, ' the 

 Dead Brents.' Tbe communication between Padua and Venice is 

 carried on by moans of this canal, by which the boats from the 

 interior supply Venice with provisions. The whole course of the 

 DmU is about 100 mile*. The banks of the river below Padua were 

 formerly embellished for several mile* with splendid palaces and 

 ptsaoi re-ground* of Venetian noblemen. Many of these palaces are 

 



BRKNTF) "III i, Middlesex, a market-town, and the seat of a Poor- 

 Uw fmon. i* situated in 50* 29' N. 1st, 18' W. long. ; 7 miles W. 

 by ft from Hyde Park Comer. It i* divided into Old and New Brent- 

 ford br tb* river Brent, which here unites with the Thames. Old 

 Brmttotd i* in tb* parish of Ealing and hundred of Ossulston : New 

 Brentford is in tb* pariah of New Brentford and hundred of Elthorne. 

 Tb* population of tb. town of Brentford in 1851 was 8870, of which 

 New BnrntforH contained one-fourth. The living of Old Brentford is 

 I curacy, that of New Brentford a vicarage, in the arch- 

 ' of Middl.au and diocese of London. Brentford Poor-Law 

 nisbes and township*, with an area of 21,146 

 tin ls.11 ,,f 41,306. 



Bnsrtford is situated on tb* left bank of the Thames, on the great 

 western road from London. The town take* it* name from a ford 

 onr tb* Brant, where that stream is now crowed by a bridge. There 

 wm* a bridfft ban at a very early period. In 1280 Edward I. granted 

 a toll for tbrw yan in aid of the bridge of Rraynford.' The 

 mvot bridge ww built in 1824 ; it i* a stone bridge of one arch. 

 BrwUord ba* littl. historical interest : what interest it has arises 

 cbWfly from H* two battle*. In 1010 Edmund Ironsides having 

 (W*w the Danes oat of London followed them to this place and 

 I tbaaa brrs witb gnat slaughter. In 1042 Rupert gained a 

 I doubtful victory over tbe Parliamentarians under < ' ! .n. 1 

 Tb* remit of this encounter, which i* generally known as the 

 batU. of Rmtford, wm* however of much service in raising the spirit* 

 of tb* RorallsU. 



from H. *H nation Btentluid is a great thoroughfare, and has a con- 

 i**rabU trad*. fWvwml mannfactumi are osrried on in the town and 

 tevietesty. la Old BtrotfoH i< the extensive dwtillery of Booth and 

 OB. ; tbre w* aUo an ale brewery, a wan factory on a very large 

 emit, as. work*, brick and til* works, saw-milU, and the works of the 

 Wett Loodno Water-work* Company, tb* chimney of which is about 

 1*0 f** bifb. Tb* company has raoently erected in connection with 

 tb. work* a stud-pip, eonstractod of iron flaneb** feH in length, 

 wbkb i* OBrried op a biigbt of 314 feet. Many of tbe inhabitant* 

 ' k mtAtt *><! tn tb* neighbourhood. Tbe Grand 



Junction Canal joins the Brent a little below Hanwell, snd thus has 

 communication with the Thames at Brentford. A loop-line connects 

 Brentf.r.1 with tli- South-\Vetorn railway. Edward I. granted to 

 Brentford a weekly market on Tuesday. It is still held on the same 

 day, and is chit-fly for the sale of corn, pigs, and vegetables. Fairs 

 are held on the 17th to the 19th of May, and on the 12th to the 14th 

 of September. 



Brentford consist* princi|>ally of one long irregular and narrow 

 _jr*t. The parish church of New Brentford is a plain brick building, 

 erected, except the tower, at the close of the Isst century, 

 site of an older church. Thu chapel in Old Brentford, dedicated to 

 St George, is also a plain modern erection. The Baptists have a place 

 of worship in New Brentford. In Old Brentford there are chapels 

 For Independent*, Wesleyan Methodists and Baptist*. There are 

 National schools in New Brentford, and National, Britiah, and Infant 

 schools in Old Brentford. 



For election purposes Brentford is the county-town of Middlesex. 

 A joint-stock company has recently erected a town-hall and market- 

 bouse, a neat and commodious structure of brick and stone. A 

 county court is held here. There are a savings bank, a dispensary, 

 and a literary and scientific institute. An inn at the comer <>f '!" 

 market-place, the Three Pigeons, has acquired some celebrity from 

 having been mentioned by some of the dramatists of the .. 

 Elizabeth and James. It was kept by John Low-in, one of the 

 original performers of Shakspere's plays. The inn was purchased by 

 the company which built the new town-hall, and was to have been 

 pulled down : but it for the time escaped. Sion House, the ap!> 

 mansion of the Duke of Northumberland, is in the \ I '.rent- 



ford ; as is also Osterley Park, the seat of the Earl of Jersey ; the 

 grounds of both are extensive, well-wooded, and very beautiful. A 

 substantial stone bridge, erected in the last century by Payne, crosses 

 the Thames from Brentford to Kew. 



BRENTWOOD, Essex, a village in the parish of South Weald, and 

 hundred of ChafTord, is situated on the road from London to C'l, 

 ford and Colchester, in 51 87' N. lat., 18' E. long. ; 11 miles S.\V. 

 from Chelmsford, 18 miles E.N.E. from London, both by road and 

 by the Eastern Counties railway. The population of the town of 

 Brentwood in 1851 was 2205. The living of Brentwoo<l is a perpetual 

 curacy in the archdeaconry of Essex and diocece of Rochester. 



Previous to Domesday Survey, the manor of South Weald belonged 

 to Waltbam Abbey. The manors of South Weald and Brentwood 

 are now in the possession of the Tower family. The church, erected 

 within the last 20 years, is a plain neat edifice ; the old chapel, dedi- 

 cated to St. Thomas a Becket, built in 1221, is now used as a National 

 school In the interior is a rude image of a Becket, carved in wood. 

 The Wesleyan Methodists, Independents, and Roman Catholics have 

 places of worship. The Grammar school founded in 1.157 provides a 

 liberal education for the sons of persons residing within 3 miles of the 

 school-house. The number of scholars in 1852 was 61. The endowment 

 yields about 1200J. a year, out of which ten almspeople are sujiported. 

 There is also a school connected with the Romnn Catholic chapel. 

 The county asylum, an elegant building just completed, 

 near the town. A school-bouse for the pauper children of Shor. 

 parish is now being erected. 



Brentwood consists chiefly of one main street along the high road. 

 The houses are generally old, and irregularly built. Ti 

 of the town is pleasant and healthy. Numerous good mansion* 

 have been built within the last few years in the neighbourhood. 

 Excellent water is obtained from wells in tho vicinity. Brick-making 

 is carried on to some extent ; there is also a brewery. Some remains 

 of tho old prison and of the town-hall, in which the assizes were 

 formerly held, are still existing, and are in the hands of persons who 

 are bound to put them in repair should the assizes be again ht-M in 

 Brentwood. A county court i held in the town. The market held 

 on Thursday has been of little importance for many years. Fairs are 

 held in July and October for cattle. At South Weald are traces of a 

 circular camp. South Weald church is a structure of gr* at Ifantv 

 and interest. South Weald Park contains much excellent timber, and 

 affords many pleasing views. 



IIHK'SCIA, a province of Austrian Italy, is bounded N b 

 Tyrol, E. by the Lake of Garda and the province of Mantua, S. and 

 S.W. by the province of Cremona, and W. by the province of Bergamo. 

 The river Oglio and the Lake of Iseo, through which the Oglio passes, 

 mark the boundary between Brescia and Bergamo, and also between 

 Brescia and Cremona. The province is 54 miles long from north to 

 south, and its greatest breadth from the Lake of Garda < tli 

 Oglio is about 33 miles. The area is 1305 square miles, and the popu- 

 lation in 1851 was 350,225. 



The territory, with regard to its surface and the nature of the soil, 

 may be divided into three tract* : 1. The valleys and mountains north 

 of the town of Brescia, which are rugged and cold in winter ; during 

 the rest of the year great numbers of sheep and cattle are fed here, 

 and much cheese is made. 2. The west coast of the Lake of Garda, 

 called Riviera di Salo, which has a mild climate, anil produces excel- 

 lent wine, oil, and fruit, in abundance. In this part the pro; 

 are small ; the peasant* are, properly speaking, gardeners. About 

 12,000,000 of lemons, and 40,000 Ibs. of laurel-oil are annually pro 

 duced here. 3. The south part of the province, which forms part 



