BRIGHTON. 



BRINDISI. 



112 



Marine Parade extends about a mile along the cliff from the Steyne 

 to Kemp Town, and along the whole distance ia a broad terrace on 

 the margin of the cliff, which at thia place attains a considerable 

 height. Many fine houses are situated on thia range, which forms an 

 agreeable and convenient promenade. In clear weather the prospect 

 from the cliff is very extensive ; the Isle of Wight, 40 miles distant, 

 may occasionally be discerned from it. The battery in the western 

 quarter of the town consists of six pieces of heavy ordnance, 42- 

 pounders. It was erected in 1793, and rebuilt in 1830. On the 

 eastern side of the town is the Queen's Park, which is planted with 

 trees, and affords opportunities of healthful exercise and recreation 

 to the inhabitants of Brighton. A chalybeate spring in the parish of 

 Hove has considerable celebrity. 



The parish church, an ancient edifice dedicated to St. Nicholas, 

 stands on Church Hill. At the west end is a square tower surmounted 

 with a small spire, and containing a peal of eight bells. St. Peter's 

 church, on the north level, near the entrance to the town by the 

 London road, is a handsome structure of the perpendicular style, 

 erected in 1827 by Barry. In addition to these there are 11 churches 

 and chapels belonging to the Established Church in Brighton, besides 

 the parish church and St. Andrew's chapel in the parish of Hove. 

 The L)Uenters have upwards of 20 chapels, including 5 Independent, 

 5 Baptvt, 1 English Presbyterian, 3 Wesleyan and Primitive 

 Method <ts, 1 Roman Catholic, 1 Unitarian, and various other chapels. 

 Some of the Dissenting chapels are handsome edifices. There is also 

 a Jews' synagogue. 



The Central National school was erected in 1830, and was subse- 

 quently enlarged to accommodate 650 pupila. The cost of the erec- 

 tion was 4500J. Besides this school there are numerous National, 

 ii, and Infant schools, of which a British and Infant school and 

 I Industry are supported by the Society of Friends. The 

 Union Charity schools, founded in 1805 by Edward Ooff, Esq., are 

 under the management of Dissenters. There are also two Ragged 

 schools, and a School for educating and clothing the Indigent Blind. 

 Brighton in a favourite place of education for the children of the 

 more opulent classes. There are upwards of 100 boarding-schools in 

 the town, besides a large number of day-schools. St. Mary's Hall, 

 K'-ijip Town, is an institution founded for educating the daughters of 

 poor clergymen, and preparing them for governesses; it has been 

 established about 20 years : each pupil pays 201. per annum. There 

 ia also a Training school for school-mistresses, in which there were 17 

 pupil* in 1851. 



The Brighton College, a proprietary school, founded in 1847, is 

 led to provide on moderate terms a sound religious, classical, and 

 general education of the highest order. The college, a handsome 

 building in the Tudor-collegiate style, was erected in 1849. The 

 literary societies include the Royal Brighton Scientific and Literary 

 Institution, the Brighton Athemcum, and the Brighton Working Men's 

 Institute. 



The benevolent institutions of Brighton are numerous. Among 

 these may be named the Sussex County Hospital, established in 1828 ; 

 the Victoria wing was added to the building in 1839 and the Adelaide 

 wing in 1841 ; it is on a large scale, and 'open to the sick and lame 

 poor of every county and nation ' ; the Brighton Dispensary, founded 

 in 1809, for administering advice and medicine gratuitously to the 

 sick poor, and for promoting vaccination ; the Provident and Self- 

 supporting Dispensary, for the labouring classes ; a Dorcas Society ; 

 a Lying in- Institution ; the Dollar Society, for the benefit of persons, 

 especially the aged, who have experienced great reverses in their 

 circumstances ; a Society for the relief of distressed Widows ; an 

 Asylum for Female Orphans ; an Infirmary for Diseases of the Eye ; 

 an Asylum for the Blind ; an Institution for the Deaf and Dumb ; a 

 H'un'rMpHthic Dispensary ; several Loan and Provident societies for 

 the benefit of persons of limited incomes, and a savings bank. 



The town-hall of Brighton is a large but inelegant building of a so- 

 called classic character, with three double porticoes. It contains rooms 

 for public meetings, for the meetings of magistrates, town commis- 

 sioners, police offices, 4c. ; it has also a spacious market room. In the 

 Justice room the Sussex county court sits two d'^ys in each month. 

 Thfl building was commenced in 1830, on the site of the old market, 

 nearly in the centre of the town, and cost upwards of 50,000^. Its 

 dimensions are 144 feet by 113 feet. The now market-place, which is 

 commodious, is in the same locality. The market is well supplied 

 with poultry, meat, fish, and vegetables, and is open daily, an Act for 

 a daily market having been obtained in 1773. A corn-market is held 

 in the town on Thursday. A fish-market is held by the fishermen on 

 i ien beach. Fairs are held north of the town on Holy Thursday 

 and .September 4th. Brighton is well lighted with gas. The supply 

 of water in good. Among the places of amusement are a theatre, an 

 assembly room, and two club-houses. At some of the public rooms 

 as well as on the promenade music is provided during the bathing 

 xeason. tbout a mile east of the town, on a beautiful part of the 

 Downs, races take place annually, about the beginning of August. 

 Regattas and other aquatic sports are occasionally given. In addition 

 to the bathing-machines on the beach, baths, shampooing establish- 

 ment*, and other places for the accommodation of invalids and other 

 visitors are abundantly provided. The hotels are numerous, and 

 ome of them on a scale of great magnitude and splendour. 



The trade of Brighton is confined almost wholly to the supply of 

 the wants of a wealthy population. Almost the only manufacture of 

 the place is that of Tunbridge ware. Shoreham, about 7 miles west 

 from Brighton, and Newhaven, about 9 miles to the eastward, are the 

 ports through which the foreign and coast trade of Brighton is 

 conducted. The coast off Brighton is too dangerous to allow of 

 much direct trade with the town. Fishing is carried on somewhat 

 extensively : the fisheries giving employment to upwards of 100 boats 

 and about 500 men. Mackerel, herrings, soles, brill, and tnrbot are 

 taken in large numbers ; mullet, whitings, and other fish are also 

 caught. The principal feature of the traffic of Brighton in more 

 recent years has been the construction and operations of the three 

 branches of the Brighton and South Coast railway, which have their 

 common centre in the town, namely, the main line northward to 

 London, the branch westward to Portsmouth, and that eastward to 

 Hastings. The central station in Brighton in the north-west part of 

 the town is a handsome and convenient building. Previous to the 

 opening of the railway there were 32 coaches passing daily in each 

 direction between London and Brighton. There is now not one. 

 The greatly increased facility of communication by railway between 

 Brighton and the metropolis has caused a considerable demand ' for 

 house accommodation, to meet which building is extensively carried 

 on. The Downs and the country generally in the vicinity of Brighton 

 afford a great number of fine drives and walks. 



Upon the erection of the chain pier, Brighton became a packet- 

 station, and was much used by those who preferred going and return- 

 ing from Paris by way of Dieppe and Rouen, instead of the old route 

 of Dover and Calais. The opening of the South-Eastem line of rail- 

 way introduced a rival and more ready communication with Paris by 

 way of Folkestone and Boulogne ; and more recently Newhaven, since 

 the construction of a branch railway to it, has obtained a share of 

 the Brighton and Paris traffic. 



BRIGHTON. [VAX DIEMEN'S LAND.] 



BRIGNOLES. [V A n.] 



BRINDISI, the Roman Snmditium or Brundutium, and the Greek 

 Brentcsio, a town in the province of Terra d'Otranto in the kingdom 

 of the Two Sicilies, well known in Roman history for its capacious 

 and safe harbour, which was the chief port of embarkation from Italy 

 to Greece, is situated on the Adriatic Sea, 200 miles E. by S. from 

 Naples, 44 miles E. by N. from Taranto, in 40 38' N. lat., 18 E. long., 

 and has 6500 inhabitants. The origin of Brundisium is lost in the 

 obscurity of the ante-Roman times. Tradition spoke of a Cretan 

 colony having early settled here ; and it certainly existed as a Mes- 

 sapian or Sallentine city before the settlement of Greek colonies in 

 this part of Italy. It appears to have retained its independence after 

 that event, and it never received a Greek colony. It was one of the 

 chief towns of the Messapian peninsula, and of that part of it called 

 Calabria by several ancient geographers. The Brundisians and the 

 other Messapians were often at variance with the Greek colony of 

 Tarentum before the Romans extended their conquests into Apulia. 

 After the war of Pyrrhua and the subjugation of Tarentum, the 

 Romans, under the consuls M. Attilius Regulus and Lucius Junius 

 Libo, turned their arms against the other towns of Messapia, and 

 seized Brundisium among the rest, about B.C. 267. It was made a 

 Roman colony in B.C. 244, and from this time it rose rapidly to wealth 

 and prosperity, partly owing to the fertility of its territoiy but still 

 more to its excellent commercial situation. Its double harbour, the 

 inner part of which forms two horns half encircling the town, was 

 the chief naval station of the Romans in the Adriatic. Hannibal failed 

 in his attempt to seize Brundisium, and it was one of the eighteen 

 colonies which voted men and money to assist Rome in continuing the 

 war. The Roman generals and the armies during the wars with 

 Macedonia, Greece, and Asia, almost invariably sailed from Brundi- 

 sium, and here likewise they landed on returning home. When the 

 provinces east of the Adriatic were thoroughly subjugated by the 

 Romans, Brundisium became a great commercial thoroughfare, and 

 soon rose to be one of the most flourishing towns of South Italy. 



Brundisium in consequence of its position witnessed many remark- 

 able historical events. Sulla, on his return from the Mithridatic War 

 in B.C. 83, landed at Brundisium, which he exempted from all taxation 

 in reward for his friendly reception in the port and town at this criti- 

 cal period of his life. In B.C. 57, Cicero landed at Brundisium on his 

 return from exile. Pompey having left Rome at the beginning of the 

 civil war, repaired to Brundisium, where he was besieged by Caesar, 

 who endjivoured to prevent his escape by blocking up the inner har- 

 bour by means of two piers which he raised, one on each side of the 

 entrance. Before however he could accomplish his object, Pompey 

 embarked his troops in secrecy and sailed away for Greece. To these 

 two piers raised by Caesar the beginning of the deterioration of the 

 inner port has been attributed. It was at Brundisium that Octuvin* 

 assumed the name of Cassar. In B.C. 40 it was besieged by Antony 

 and Ahenobarbus, but its fall was averted by a reconciliation between 

 Antony and Octavius. Soon after Antony again threatened it with 

 A fleet of 300 sail, when Maecenas and Cocceiun succeeded iu once 

 more making an arrangement between the two triumvirs. The 

 representatives of Octavius were accompanied by the poet Horace, 

 who has imnmortalised his journey to Brundisium (' Sat." i. v.). 

 Virgil died at Brundisium B.C. 19, on his return from Greece ; and 



