157 



BRITANNIA. 



BRITANNIA. 



158 



Coitani 



Kopiravoi 



People of the counties of Lincoln, Nottingham, Lei- 

 cester, and the adjacent parts. These people seem to 

 be regarded by Richard as a subdivision of the Iceni. 

 The Iceni, properly so called, he gives as the other sub- 

 division, calling them Cenomanni. 



MAXIMA C.SSARIEXSIS, the country from the Mersey and the Humber 

 to the wall of Severus, comprehending the territory of the 



Brigantes. 



y People of the East Riding of Yorkshire. 



f Two nations confederate together, according to 

 < Richard, not mentioned by Ptolemicus ; they inhabited 

 [ Lancashire, or part of it. 



Paritii 



Yolanlii 



and 

 Siftuntii 



VALEXTIA or VALENTIAHA, the country between the wall of Severus 

 and the rampart of Antoninus, including the south part of Scotland, 

 the county of Northumberland, and part of Cumberland, compre- 

 hending the territories of the 



Ottadini f The inhabitants of the east coast of Northumberland 

 \ and the adjacent coast of Scotland. 



I" These people dwelt to the west of the Ottadini, in 

 < Northumberland, in Roxburgh, Selkirk, Peebles, and 

 I Lanark-shires. 



/ The inhabitants of Dumfries and part of Kircud- 

 \ bright-shires. 



Gadtni 

 Toini-ot 



Self/one 



Nowzyra* 



> The inhabitants of Wigtonshire. 



Damnii 



Taisali 

 TefoAoi 



The inhabitants of that part of Scotland south of the 

 wall of Antoninus not occupied by the above-mentioned 

 nation)!. They seem to have occupied a considerable 

 tract north of the wall, which, being cut off from the 

 rest of their territories, was wasted by the Caledonians. 



The remaining part of the island was never long in the power of 

 the Romans. Agricola overran part of it and established some sta- 

 tions ; and probably other commanders after him brought it into 

 temporary subjection. The part which Agricola thus subdued is 

 termed by Richard 



VESPASIANA, including the country between the rampart of Antoninus 

 and a line drawn from the Moray Frith (Varar tcstuary,* Ptole- 

 mrcus) to the mouth of the Clyde, and comprehending the territories 

 of the 



Horatii, mentioned by Tacitus but not by Ptolemams ; it is likely 

 they occupied the portion of the territory of the Damnii which lay 

 beyond the wall : they were south-west of the Tay. 



The difference between Richard and Ptolemscus with 

 Venriconet f res P ec ^ * * n ' 8 people makes it uncertain whether we 

 ifs J are to assign them to Fifeshire or Angus. 



f Inhabitants of the coast of Aberdeenshire. Their chief 

 I town, Devana (Aijoucwa), was probably Old Aberdeen. 



Vaeomagi f '^ e ran 8 e ^ tne Grampians towards the north-east ; 



OuaKoLunoi 1 Banff, Moray or Murray, Nairn, and part of Inverness- 



^^ I. shires. 



Damnii Albani (not mentioned by Ptolemaeus), parts of Perth, Argyle, 

 Stirling, and Dumbarton-shires. General Roy considers Albani to 

 mean mountaineers. Perhaps they are comprehended by Ptolemeeus 

 among the Darunii (Ao/u/ioi) of Valentia. 



Attaeotli, not mentioned by Ptolemams but by Ammianus Marcellinus. 

 They inhabited, according to Richard, the country on the bank of 

 the Clyde and of the great lake Lyncalidor, supposed to be Loch 

 Lomond, 



Richard supposes that this province of VALENTIA was, in the time 

 of the later emperors called THULK : to the rest of Scotland he gives 

 the name of 



CALZDOSIA, comprehending the territories of the following people : 



' North-west of the Moray Frith and Loch Ness. The 



Caltdonii, \ immense Caledonian Forest covered their territory or 



properly 1 rather skirted it to the north-west. PtolemantB seems 



so called, , to make them extend in a south-west direction as far as 



KoAijSoi-ioi Loch Fyne ; thus assigning to them parts of Inverness, 



I Perth, and Argyle-shiree. 

 t \i ,,>,< "I 



KOTOI J ^habitants of parts of Ross and Cromarty-shires. 



Varar, aa it Is correctly written In the Latin edition of Ptolcmams by 



cknermer. The name Varar itlll Mists In Strath Far, the upper end of 



the Moray Frith. 



Loyi 

 \oyoi 



1 

 J 



'arnabii \ 

 opvavioi J 



These two nations seem to have inhabited the east 

 coast of Sutherland and Caithness-shires. The name of 

 the Logi is preserved in that of the modern parish of 

 Loch. Richard intimates that the Carnabii were a 

 colony of the people so called in South Britain, who 

 abandoned their country in conjunction with the Cantii, 

 upon the Roman conquest, and settled here. If there 

 be any truth in this account we may perhaps identify 

 the Cantse with these wandering Cantii.* 



{Part of Caithness and Sutherland-shires west of the 

 Carnabii. If we follow Richard's orthography, perhaps 

 a relic of the name Cat-ini may be preserved in Caith- 

 ness. 



tferte 1 w t f th L ; Sutherlandshire. 

 MfpTai J 



Carnonaca: \ Th(j We8tcoaat of Sutherland and Cromarty-sliires. 

 \apyopcuccu J 



These two people (if two there were, for we .are inclined 

 to think some confusion of transcribers has led oue name 

 to be variously written, and hence it has been supposed 

 Veonw there were two people where really was only one) dwelt 

 along the west coast of Scotland, between Loch Broom and 

 the Linnhe Loch. 



{The peninsula of Cantire and the adjacent part of Arpyle- 

 shire between the Linnhe Loch and Loch Fyue. Richard, in 

 his map, gives the names of Epidia Superior and Inferior to 

 Jura and Islay respectively. 



Horsley gives an arrangement of the provinces entirely different 

 from the above, except so far as regards Britannia Secunda. He 

 makes Britannia Prima to extend from the coast of Sussex to the 

 banks of the Nene, and assigns the western counties to Flavia 

 Cscsariensis. He places Valentia within the wall of Severus, and 

 Maxima Cxsariensis beyond it. 



Our chief authorities in the above table have been Richard of 

 Cirencestcr and Ptolemams ; in the Latin names we have commonly 

 followed the spelling of the former ; the Greek names we have sub- 

 joined from Ptolemanis, as far as he furnishes them, except where they 

 have been given before in the course of the history. The locality of 

 the several nations may be seen in the maps of Ancient Britain (north 

 and south), published by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful 

 Knowledge. 



There were, according to Richard of Cirencester, two municipia or 

 towns whose inhabitants enjoyed moat of the privileges of Roman 

 citizens. 



Vtrolamium (Ovpo\aviov) near St. Albans. 

 Eboracum (EftopaKov), now York, quarters of the sixth legion and 



apparently the residence of the Roman emperors when in Britain. 



The Colonite were settlements of Roman citizens, and served to 

 diffuse the language, religion, and arts, and to secure the supremacy 

 of Rome. According to Richard there were in Britain nine colonies, 

 namely : 

 Londinium (tunftmmi) or Augusta, now London, mentioned by Tacitus 



as a place of great trade, though not spoken of in his time as a 



colony. 

 Camalodunum (Ka/iouAoScuw), Geminte Marlia, now Colchester or 



Maldon (?). 

 HJiutupw (or Rutitpa, 'Itin. Anton." 'Poi/rouinoi), now Richborough, near 



Sandwich. 



Tlierma or Aqua Solis ('Tiara @(pfui), now Bath. 

 fica or Secunda, now Caerleon. 



Dcva or Oetica (ATJOWO), now Chester, quarters of the 20th legion. 

 GUvum or Claudia, now Gloucester. 

 Lindum (\iySoy), now Lincoln. 

 Camboricvm, now Cambridge (or Icklingham, in Suffolk. Horsley). 



There were ten cities Latio jure donati ; the inhabitants of these 

 possessed privileges, but not equal to the foregoing. 

 Durnomagus (Durobrivie, ' Itin. Ant.' ?), now Castor on Nene or Water 



Newton. 

 Catarracton (Catarracto or Catarractonum, 'Itin. Ant.' Korou^aKTovioj'), 



now Catterick in Yorkshire. 

 Cambodunum (Kofuwhotowfr t), now Slack iu Yorkshire near the 



border of Lancashire. 

 Coccium (supposed by some to be the fiyoSomof of Ptol.), now Rib- 



Chester, Lancashire. 



" A comparison of the situation of the Carnabii at the extremities of the 

 island In Cornwall and Caithness will perhaps incline us to account for the 

 similarity of their designation by n reference to its etymology rather than to 

 such n connexion of the people as Richard supposes. The Celtic root corn or 

 korn (see Camden) appears in many other languages with the signiBcation ol 

 an extremity or a horn : compare the Hebrew ATM, the Latin corn-n, our own 

 words corn.er, Cbr-waU, 4c. By a reference to the presumed etymology of 

 the names Cant.ee and Cant-ii, we can account for their nlmilarity also ; the 

 root cant (compare Cant-il and Cant-ee abore with the ancient Cant-abri and 

 the modern ConWre, see Camden) Is supposed to mean in Celtic, a corner. 



