BKtTISH AMERICA. 



BBIXWORTE. 



MO 



lay l all i (^M//..-, ' Ilia Ant'), DOW Carlisle. 

 /In IN I (Dnpirre* rrcarmeW, UM flying camp). 

 MarayaUr*. Seotbad. 



0.r^.), now Dtalfia BOM, Perthahir*. 



now Burgh head. 



Otnmmm (Omnnntrimm, lite. Anton.' K^<rwr), DOW Oreooaster. 

 flfaliirfaiiMi. now Old Swum. 

 TWt w*rtweir* town* called SUpeo.liari. with whoM 



uoaatHiitloa Bad privOefM w* art Dot acquainted. 

 ri Maraa. BOW dm wiiit or Oaer^weut Monmouthshire. 

 KM JMyv-M (OMrra). DOW WinobMUr, Haute, 

 r*aai /*a*nMB (Omrve), DOW Caiator, Dear Norwich. 

 <<*, DOW CW Beioai. DMT Caernarvon. 



tfmnJmmmm, DOW Beaton, DMT ColyklO, DeTOB. 

 JUf* <**. ' lUn. Anton.' 'rwy<), DOW I^icter. 

 CW<>/ or Au-wantM (A^MMMT). now Canterbury. 

 Dv,mmm (/Mrwwr. f lUn. Anton.' AeMW f), Dorchoiter. 

 / (UM), BOW Exeter. 



Brtmtmtmm (Kj^iimr), DOW Riechester, Northumberland. 

 Pne-i..* ( ri^mu, I On. Anton.'), Dear Andor. Hanta, a very 

 doubtful position. 



, now Roehealer. 



i UM above Iwt we have given the orthography of Richard, noting 

 Bay variatioa between him and the ' Itinerary of Antoninus.' The 

 Qreak naow* as usual are from Ptolemieus. The list of Municipia and 

 Colocu*. it should be added, U by no mean* complete. 



BRITISH AMERICA. The territory comprehended under this 

 DBOM extend* from 41* to 78* N. lat, and from 52 to 141 W. long. 

 Tbe couth boundary of British America is formed by the territory of 

 UM United State*. The frontier line between New Brunswick, Canada, 

 aad UM United States, was settled by the Conventions of 1839 and 

 1846. U strikes the St Lawrence in lat 45*, at the village of St Regis, 

 which stand* at the western extremity of Lake St Francis. The line 

 then proceed* in a south-western direction through the middle of the 

 St. Lawrence into Lake Ontario, which it divides into two nearly equal 

 portion* ; leave* Ontario by the river Niagara and bisect* Lake Erie ; 

 paase* north through the river Detroit into and through the lake and 

 river St CUir ; enters Lake Huron at its southern point and quite it 

 at it* north-western extremity ; runs through ' the Narrows ' and to 

 the wet of the island of St Joseph into Lake Superior, which it 

 ni*s*i with a winding course leaving Isle Royale within the limits of 

 the I'aited State*. Quitting Lake Superior by Pigeon River the 

 boundary -line runs north-weit to the north-western angle of the Lake 

 of UM Woods in 49' 0' N. lat, 94* 25' W. long. ; proceed* thence due 

 weat to the Pacific : the island of Vancouver, opposite this maritime 

 boundary-point, being allotted to Great Britain. A very large pro- 

 portion of the territory to the north of the line just described has 

 been little explored, and is of value only as hunting-ground. The 

 Bataii portion of the territory U in possession of the Hudson's Bay 

 Company, while the western i* known a* the North- Western or Indian 

 territory. A portion of the north-west coast of America bordering on 

 UM North Pacific Ocean is claimed by Russia. This portion extends 

 from 57* N. lat to the shore, of the Arctic Sea, and from 140 W. 

 Ion*, to the North Pacific Ocean. 



The esttled provinces of North America belonging to Great Britain 

 are Lower Canada, or Canada East, lying between 44* and 50* N. lat, 

 and between 04* and 76" W. long, ; Upper Canada, or Canada West, 

 41* to 49' N. lat, 74' to 85' wTIong. ; New Brunswick, 45" to 48* N. 

 lat, 44' to 08* W. long. ; Nova Scotia and Cape Breton, 43* to 47 N. 

 lat, *0* to 87' W. lone. ; Prince Edward's Island, 46' to 47* N. lat, 

 r to 81- W. long. ; Newfoundland, 46* to 62' N. lat, 52' to 60 .W. 

 - [ATHABASCA ; BEAB LAKE ; CAX ADA ; CAPE BRCTOX ; COPPER- 

 BjriRrTmm; HCDBOX'I BAT TERRITORIES; Nw BRUHSWICK; 



> ; NOVA SOOTU j VANCOUVER ILAXD.] 

 BRITISH CHANNEL. [ExoLUH CHAXXEU! 

 BRITISH CifYAXA. [OOTAXA, BRITISH.] 

 BRITISH lluxin HAS. [HoxDURA*. BRITISH.] 

 HltlTISH INDIA. tHij.Dc.TAj.] 



UFFRAklA. This name U applied to a dependency 

 recenUy annexed to Cape Colony in South 

 -i arose out of the Kaffir war of 1847. For 



> rt agaia with 



against the white settlers 

 foroeinlSSO. On the Ust day of that year 

 from King William's Town 



-. . . *!_ lit , P "* " * V *M 



eataUaUaf martial law in UM colony, and ordering all oolomste 

 betweeaUMafai of II aad 10 to rie* BMJM to defend the frontier 



aSfi^S* J^^I^~*^Am M7 Bno..ad 

 leafmtUaaraaaacbaali warfare wUononeued. On the 8th Novemb- 



1*51. ID an saiuBBtsr with UM Kaffirs la UM Waterkloof, Lieutenant! 



SJT*J^r^"^ " * Bd ."y *Tj* "^-l ""> 

 kilU.1, aad a eaaaUefaMeaambar wooaded, UM Kaffirs eacapin* unhurt 

 la Jamawjr ISM Ma>orXiearal Ceiheart 



unhurt 

 On 

 * Kaffir tribe, 



Mountain in the Orange Sovereignty, shortly after which 

 three chiefs named Macomo, Sandilli, and Kreili submitted to the 

 Itritish, and the war was virtually at an end. A treaty of peace was 

 ratified at a conference between the General and the Kaffir chiefs held 

 near King William'* Town on the 9th of March, 1853. This 'little 

 war' cost England about a million and a half sterling. The country 

 called British Kaflraria U a Urge district eastward of Cape Colony, 

 over which the British government hold a kind of sovereignty or 

 protectonhip, the precise character of wln^li ha not been very clearly 

 iefined. British military posts are maintained at various point* over 

 the area. The district is divided into cmmties: Buffalo Hi. 

 considered the harbour ; a town called London U to be established at 

 :hf mouth of Buffalo River. 



BRITISH WEST INDIES. [West IXDIES, BRITISH.] 



BRITTANY. [BRBTAOJIE.] 



HIUVKS. [CORREEF-] 



BRIXEN. [TYROL.] 



BRIXHAM, Devonshire, a seaport and market-town in the parish 

 of Brixham and hundred of Haytor, is situated on the south side of 

 Torbay, in 50" 23' N. lat, 3" 31' W. long. ; distant 25 miles S. from 

 Exeter, and 203 miles S. W. by W. from London. The population of the 

 town of Brixham in 1851 was 5627. The livings are in the archdea- 

 conry of Totnes and diocese of Exeter. 



The manor of Brixham formerly belonged to the Novanto, from 

 whom it passed to the Valletort family, who sold the manor. It 

 was afterwards divided into quarters, one of which was purchased by 

 12 fishermen of Brixham Quay, divided into 12 shares, and again *ub- 

 divided into smaller portions, the possessors of these divided shares, 

 lowever small, calling themselves quay lords. Many of these quay 

 .ords are to be found among the fishermen of the place. Brixham u 

 situated about a mile and a half south-west from Berryhead, the most 

 westerly point of Torbay, and directly opposite te Torquay; being 

 distant from that celebrated watering-place about 7 miles by water. 

 The town is long and straggling, extending, from the upper extremity 

 toyond the church to the lower on the quay, upwards of a mile and a 

 lalf. Most of the business of the place is transacted in the lower 

 town. In both sections of the town there has been of late year* a 

 considerable increase of new and well-built houses, and the two are 

 now almost united. The lower town is lighted with gas. The fish- 

 market has been enlarged and greatly improved. The prosperity of 

 Brixham is chiefly dependent on its fishery. More than 200 sail of 

 vessels, comprising 20,0(10 tons of shipping, and employing 1500 seamen, 

 belong to this town, which as a port is subordinate to Dartmouth ; 

 most of these vessels are engaged in the fishing trade. The average 

 amount received for fish is said to be 6001. per week. The best of the 

 fish ore sent to Exeter, Both, Bristol, and London. Turbot, sole*, 

 whiting, plaice, mullet, mackerel, and other fish ore taken in consi- 

 derable numbers. During the London season about 50 of the decked 

 trawl boats ore usually absent from Brixham, being employed in 

 supplying the London market with soles, turboU, 4c., from Hull and 

 Ramagate, fishing over the intermediate space between those place*. 

 Several of the vessels belonging to Brixham ore employed in the 

 Mediterranean, Spanish, and coasting trade. The harbour consist* of 

 two basins, the outer one having been formed at an expense of nearly 

 63001., raised solely amongst the inhabitants. 



The parish church, situated in the upper town, was built by the 

 Prior of Totnes in 1373 ; the accommodation has been increased by the 

 addition of galleries. In the church is a cenotaph of Sir Francis Buller, 

 the judge. Lower Brixham has been constituted a district parish ; 

 its church, which was built in 1820 has since beea enlarged. Tho 

 Wesleyan Methodists, Baptists, and Independents have place* of 

 worship. There is a National school, with which has been incorporated 

 an Endowed school founded in 1634. 



The Public Room*, erected in 1835, are situated near the centre of 

 the town. The market-house U by the water-aide. A market was 

 granted to Brixham by Act of Parliament in 1799. Market* are held 

 on Tuesday and Saturday. A fair is held on Whit-Tuesday and the 

 following day. There are two iron mines in the neighbourhood of 

 Brixham, one of which is worked during the winter. The ore is shipped 

 at Brixham to be smelted in Wale*. Brixham was the landing-place 

 of William Prince of Orange, afterwards William III., when he arrived 

 in England, November 4th, 1688. A monument with an inscription 

 commemorate* the event At the end of the pier is a tablet recording 

 the visit of the Duke of Clarence, afterward* William IV., July 21st, 

 1823. The inhabitant* on that occasion presented to the duke nn 

 address, with a piece of the stone on which the Prince of Orange hod 

 Ant set foot, both being inclosed in a box made of heart of oak said 

 to be 800 years old. 



BRIXTON. [SURREY.] 



imiXWORTH, Northamptonshire, a small village, and the seat of 

 a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Brixworth and hundred of 

 Orlingbury, is situated in 62 21' N. lat, 0* 64' W. long. ; 6| miles N. 

 from Northampton, and 72) miles N.W. by N. from London. The 

 living U a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Northampton and diocese 

 of Peterborough. The population of the parish of Brixworth in 1861 

 wo* 1268, including 137 inmates of the Union workhouse. Brixworth 

 Poor-Law Union contain* 84 parishes and townships, with an area of 

 61,870 acres, and a population in 1851 of 14,629. Betides the parish 



