in 



, .,.. ,. . v 



BTJCKnraHAMSHIP.E. 



176 



> ooe of UM capitals of the newly-formed kingdom of the 

 land*. On Uie tcparation of Belgium fr.nu Holland at the 

 rerolutiooof mo, the movement* leading to which began in Brussels, 

 dty became the capital of the new kingdom and the seat of 



: . 



Surrey. WM poeeessed by 

 by WUltam the Conqueror 

 here at an early date ; 



her Inhabitant, in questions of high social and scientific 

 Han the nrst Peace Congress was held in 184S, and a 



. M Statistical Concrses held a session in . 



BKLToN," Somerset, a market-town in the parish and hundred of 

 Braton, is sltusaiJ oa the right bank of the river Brue, which gives 

 naate to the town, in 51* ' X. l*t. 2' 80' W. long. ; distant 22 miles 

 & by W. from Bath, and 108 mile* W. by a from London. The 

 population of the town iu 1851 was 1885; that of the entire parish 

 was SlOt. The living is a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of 

 Well* and dioce*e ofBath and Well*. 



The manor of Bruton, or Brumetone, a* it U named iu the Domesday 

 by Edward the Confessor and subsequently 

 eror. A Benedictine monastery was founded 

 early date ; afterward* a priory of Black Canons was 

 At Bruton the river Brue, here a narrow stream, ia 

 d by a stone bridge. The town has one main street clean, and 

 well pared, with neatly built houses : and several smaller streets. The 

 town i* lighted with gas. Bruton parish church, which tttauds on the 

 left bank of the rirer, U a handsome structure in the decorated style, 

 with a tower which ha* richly ornamented battlements. The Inde- 

 pendent* aad Wesleyan Methodist* hare place* of worship in the 

 The endowed Free Grammar school founded by Edward VI. 

 i 11 boys on the foundation; other pupils also attend tit 

 The income from endowment is about 300/. a year, from 

 which several exhibitions are given to meritorious scholars. The 

 Bomber of scholars in 1852 wat 40. There is a National school. An 

 hospital for 14 old men, 14 old women, and 16 boys, founded by 

 Hugh Saxey or Sexey, auditor to Queen Elizabeth, is a very valuable 

 institution. The building* form a spacious quadrangle. A statue of 

 the founder is placed in a niche on the south side. The petty sessions 

 are held in the upper part of the town-ball ; the lower part is used 

 as a market-house. The market day is Saturday. Two fairs are held 

 yearly. The principal manufactures are of stockings and silk. A 

 silk factory employs a considerable number of females. 

 BR7.KSK U V BW8KY. [OHODXO.] 

 Bll/KZAXY. [OALICIA.] 



BL'CU, a district of tho BordeloU, in France, extending along the 

 coast of the Bay of Biscay. Its capital was La Teste, or Tote do 

 Bach, at the head of the Basin d'Arcachon. This district is now 

 included in the department of Qironde. Its lords bore the title of 

 Captal, and their lordship gave to them several rights and privileges 

 hi the city of Bordeaux. 



IAN. P.ri.LEKS OF. [PETERHEAD.] 

 ilAX, DISTRICT OF. [ABERDEMSWHE.] 

 BtX'HARIA. [BOKHARA.] 



II.V'HIA, LITTLE, or Eastern Turiiatan, U a name some- 

 times employed to indicate the most western portion of the countries 

 dependent on the Chinese empire. It is described under TIIIA.N- 



: u, it* Chinese name. 



Wi-H-PliEST, or BUKARESHT, the capital of Wallachia, is 

 situated in the eastern prt of that principality, in a rich and spacious 

 plain, diversified by hills, and on the DumboriUa, a feeder of the 

 AigUh aad about 40 miles N.W. from its mouth, in the Danube 

 below OlUnitaa. In extent it is about four mil.-a fr..m north 

 *" Moth, aad Marly three miles from east to west. It is ordinarily 

 r ** i l"" J * * *** P" 008 " d divan or council of Wallachia, the 

 seat of government, as well as of a Greek archbishop, and the head- 

 quarter, of the foreign enroys or consuls ; but at tho time we write 

 auawy, It > the city and the whole principality is in the occupa- 

 Russian army, and tho prince has withdrawn from his 

 wdently of its agreeable situation, Buchorest has 

 snattoa, which means city of enjoyment;' for it 

 w exceptions, a heap of wretched brick or mud cabins, 

 I along lioc* of streeU either unpaved or faced with trunk* of 

 d of the prince's palace, a vast pile, and of 



ooi|KUdcoloBle?o7^folwJ3l| 



The I 



* w*a SJSPV lsaf.^sjnn, Ml UATO JUKI ID tO0 



the Iowa. There are Dearly 100 churches, many of which 

 an built la aa uncouth stele, none hare fewer than three steeples 

 or tower*, sad Bttayao Ian tin* six; some hare even nine. Seven of 

 ^TiT!" J* t tL tw ^ r * 1 monaeUri*. and convent*, are pro- 

 UcW by walla. The other edifloss of note are a Urge bazaar a 



~ r_it u .ii_ i - t^k . B" iMiiir, a 



Lotbena *"*, syosgogu*, several 



Ux4 of the Awiriaa consul, which is a handsome 

 ia good taste. Ia the middle of Bucharest there i. a tow<r,~oaiied 

 the Kir. Towtr. M feet high, which commands a full view of ever* 

 part of it Buaaorest ha* a oulUge eoadncUd by twelve professors. 

 KM la ordimry tba*. by bsiwMi 400 \ad 600 student.;; 

 a public library, aad a great Dumber of schools. The 



whole number of tlwellings is about 10.000. The town is full of 

 cipflo'.'-hou.'os, almost every one of which has a gambling or billiard 

 table, and of shops where sherbet and wine are drunk. Buchorest 

 is the great commercial mart for the principality, and an entrepot 

 for the commerce between Austria and Turkey. Its inhabitants carry 

 on an extensive trade in grain, wool, honey, salt, timber, wax, tallow and 

 cattle. There are no Urge manufactures ; but woollen cloths, carpets, 

 brandy, Ac., are mada. There is a Corap, or public mall, to which 

 the fashionable* resort in great numbers, in the main street and along 

 the bridge which crosses the DumboriUa. Buchorest was taken by 

 the Russians in 1769, and by the Austrians in 1789. By the treaty 

 of Buchorest signed May 28, 1812, Turkey ceded Bessarabia and part 

 of Moldavia to Russia, 44 26' N. lat, 26 8' E. long. 



BUCKENHAM, NEW. [XORFOI.K.] 



BUCKIIAVEX. |Fm:siiiRE.] 



BUCK IE. [BAXFFSUIRE.] 



BUCKINGHAM, the chief town of tho county of Buckingham, a 

 municipal and parliamentary borough nnd market-town, and the seat 

 of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish and hundred of Buckiiigli:i:n, i- 

 situated on the left bank of the river Ouse, in 52 0' N. hit., 0' .V/ \V. 

 long.; 58 miles N.W. from London by road, ami til mil.-.i I 

 Buckinghamshire branch of the London and North- Western r.iihvay. 

 The borough of Buckingham U governed by 4 aldermen au.l I'.' 

 councillors, one of whom is mayor, and returns two members to the 

 Imperial Parliament. The population of the municipal borough, 

 which coincides in extent with the parish, was 4020 in 1851 ; that of 

 the parliamentary borough, which comprises eight parishes, was 8069. 

 The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Buckingham and diocese 

 of Oxford. Buckingham Poor-Law Union contains 29 parishes and 

 townships, with an area of 44,770 acres, and a population in 1851 

 of 1 4,395. 



Buckingham is described in the Domesday Survey as an ancient 

 borough. It does not appear, however, that the town sent members 

 to Parliament before 1544. Edward III. fixed one of the staples for 

 wool at Buckingham. A charter was granted in the first year of the 

 reign of Mary (1554), which won surrendered in 1684, when another 

 was granted, but the charter of Mary was resumed a few years later 

 under the proclamation for restoring surrendered charters. In 1644, 

 Buckingham was for a few days the head-quarters of Charles I. ; the 

 neighbouring towns of Aylesbury ami Newport Paguell being garrisoned 

 for the Parliament 



The church, dedicated to St Peter and St. Paul, is erected on tho 

 summit of a mount, formerly the site of a castle. The erection was 

 completed in 1780 at an expense of about 70001. The former church 

 had a lofty spire, which fell in 1699: the tower which supported it 

 remained till 1776, when it also fell. There are two places of worship 

 for Independents, and one for Baptists iu the town. The Free school, 

 endowed by Gabriel Newton for 25 boys, who were clothed in green, 

 is now incorporated with the National school. A Grammar school was 

 1 by Edward VI. for six boys. The income from endowm.-nt 

 is 101 8. a year : the number of scholar* in 1850 was about 30. 



The present town-hall was erected about the end of the last century 

 by the first Marquis of Buckingham. Tho jail was built l>y Lord 

 Cobham about 17 JS, at his own expense, for the use of the town MI. I 

 county. The town is lighted with gas. There are in the town a 

 public bath, a mechanics' institute, and a savings bank. No trade of 

 any consequence is carried on. Laoc-ni iking with bobbins i* the only 

 manufiicture, and at this work the best hands earn a very small KUIH 

 weekly. Tho market day is Saturday. Thorc are ten annual fairs 

 which are well attended. A county court is held in tho town. 



There were three stone bridges over the Ouse at Buckingham. One 

 of the bridges was taken down by the Buckinghamshire Railway 

 Company, who replaced it by a brick bridge of three arches. Tho 

 Buckinghamshire railway passes through the southern end of the town. 

 Some good public walks are in the neighbourhood of Buckingham. 



(Browne Willis, Hittory of Buckingham ; Lipscomb, JIuckingliaM- 

 thire ; Communication from Buckingham.) 



BUCKINGHAMSHIRE, an inland county of England, of very 

 irregular form, lies between 51 26' and 52 12' N. lat, 28' and 

 1 10' W. long. It is bounded N. and N.W. by Northamptonnliir.-; 

 W. by Oxfordshire; S. by Berkshire; and E. by Bedfordshire, H. rt 

 fordshirc, and Middlesex. Its greatest length, measured nearly north 

 aad south, from the neighbourhood of Olney to tho river Thames 

 above Staines is 53 miles. Ita breadth varies much ; the greatest 

 breadth is about 27 miles. The area of the county is 464,930 acres ; 

 it is one of the smaller English counties, being tho thirty-third in tho 

 scale of relative magnitude. 



Aylesbury, which, though it does not give name to tho county, has 

 the best title to be considered the county town, is about 37 miloa in a 

 direct line N.W. from London ; or by the road 38 miles. 



.Surface, //.v"V.. v , M/,/I//, anil Ciimmnnieationt. The principal hills in 

 Bucks are the Chilterns, a chalk range, which entering tho county 

 from Oxfordshire runs across it in a north-east direction, and enters 

 Bedfordshire near Dunstable, separating tho basin of the lower Thames 

 from tho basin of its tributary the Thame, and from the basin of the 

 Ouse. Near Ivinghoe the elevation cf thexo hills is 904 feet alx>vo the 

 level of the sea; and another eminence south-Wi'Ht of Wendover is 905 

 feet ; Muzzle Hill, near Brill, i< 714 feet, and Bow Brickhill, between 



