BUDAYOON. 



BUENOS AYRES. 



180 



regiment in the garrison. General Henzi, whose heroic defence of the 

 city is supposed to have saved Vienna from being attacked by the 

 Hungarians, died of his wounds on the night of the 21st. A cast-iron 

 monument 66 feet high and 90 feet in circumference, erected in 

 honour of the general and his companions in arms, was uncovered in 

 the presence of the emperor Francis Joseph in July 1852. The 

 monument represents a dying warrior crowned with laurel by an 

 angel ; above him is a dome round which on delicate columns are 

 figures of Faith, Truth, Religion, Magnanimity, and Devotion. The 

 tablets on the sides contain the names of those who fell in defence of 

 the city. The fortifications of Buda have been recently all thoroughly 

 repaired. 



BUDAYOON. [BAREILLY.] 

 BUDISSIN. [BAUTZEN.] 

 BUDLEIGH, EAST. [DEVONSHIRE.] 



BUDWEIS, the capital of the circle of Budweis in the south of 

 Bohemia, is situated on the Moldau, 75 miles S. from Prague, 100 

 miles N.W. from Vienna, in 48 59' N. lat, 14 28' E. long., and has 

 abottt 9000 inhabitants. It is a well and regularly built town, and is 

 partially fortified. Pmdweis includes three suburbs; is the seat of a 

 bishopric ; and has a handsome rathhaus, or town-hall, cathedral, seven 

 churches, one monastery, a gymnasium, a philosophical academy, and 

 a diocesan and theological seminary. The markets for horses and 

 grain are important : the manufactures consist of broadcloth, damasks, 

 muslin, saltpetre, to. By means of the Moldau, which is navigable 

 down to Prague, and the Elbe, and by the horse-railway that connects 

 the town with Linz on the Danube and Gmunden on the Trauen-see, 

 in the archduchy of Austria, Budweis is a place of considerable 

 transit for salt from the Salz Kammergut, and for other merchandise. 

 The district around Budweis up to the source of the Moldau belongs 

 chiefly to the princely house of Schwarzenburg, one of whose ancient 

 seats, the Schloss Frauenberg, a feudal fortress, stands in the neigh- 

 bourhood of a magnificent gothic castle lately erected ; around the 

 Schloss is a vast park well stocked with wild boars. 

 BUDWORTH, GREAT. [CHESHIRE.] 



BUENOS AYRES, the largest, most populous, and southernmost 

 of the federal provinces of the Argentine Confederation, South 

 America, extends from the Rio Negro on the south, about 41" S. lat., 

 to a line which, about 33 S. lat., divides it on the north from the 

 provinces of Santa 6, San Luis, and Mendoza. On the west it 

 nominally extends to the Rio Diamente, or even to the Andes, but 

 this western part of the province is still only occupied by the native 

 Indians. On the east and south-east it has a coast-line along the 

 Rio La Plata and the Atlantic of upwards of 600 miles. The surface 

 is roughly estimated at 200,000 square miles : the population probably 

 does not exceed 250,000. 



The coast-line, surface, and geology of this province have been 

 sufficiently described under ARGENTINE CONFEDERATION. The only 

 harbours along the extensive line of coast suitable for large vessels, 

 are those of Buenos Ayres city, which is a very bad one, and Port 

 Belgrano in Bahia Blanca, near the southern extremity of the province, 

 which is an exceHent one. Almost the entire province is a level plain ; 

 the only exceptions being the unoccupied western districts, which are 

 hilly, and the Sierras del Vuulcan and Ventana, ana connected ranges, 

 which traverse the southern districts. A large portion of the province 

 is fit for agriculture ; but though a good deal of corn is raised, the 

 attention of the inhabitants is chiefly given to the rearing of cattle. 

 The peasantry are generally averse to the cultivation of the soil, to 

 mechanical work, to fishing and navigation, or, indeed, any settled 

 labour. Their employments are mostly confined to the tending of 

 cattle and horses, or such callings as can be pursued on horseback. 

 They live in ranches, or huts, which are built of stakes, filled in with 

 mud and covered with thatch, and consist of a sleeping apartment 

 and a ' cook-house.' Their food consists of beef and an infusion of 

 matd The cattle farms, ' Estancias', are many of them of large size ; 

 some of the most extensive and complete of these establishments are 

 the property of British subjects, a good proportion of the labourers 

 being natives of Ireland. It is estimated that there are 12,000,000 

 head of cattle in the province. Great attention has been paid within 

 the last few years to the breeding of sheep, which thrive remarkably 

 in this climate. The old breeds were very inferior animals, but they 

 have been greatly improved, mainly through the skill and enterprise 

 of three or four English sheep-farmers. The number of sheep now 

 in the province is estimated afr 6,000,000, of which a third are of the 

 improved breed. There are in the province several ' Saladeros,' or vast 

 oitablwhmcnts at which the cattle are slaughtered, the flesh salted 

 and dried, or boiled down for tallow, and the skins prepared for 

 exportation ; some of the vats at these ' Saladeros' will contain the 

 carcasses of 250 oxen. Very large quantities of horses are kept on the 

 plains in a semi-wild state. In 1851 the exports from Buenos Ayres 

 amounted in value to 2,126,705/. ; the value of the hides exported 

 being 1,300,570*., of tallow, 240.800J., of wool, 219,200^. The imports 

 in 1H51 amounted to 2,110,000/. ; of which the imports from Great 

 Britain, chiefly of cotton and woollen goods, silks, hardware, iron, 

 cutlery, and glass, amounted to about 900.000/. ; from France, chiefly 

 of wines, fine cloths, silks, laces, gloves, and fancy articles, to about 

 600,000/. ; and from the United States, chiefly of spirits, provisions, 

 coarse cloths, soap, and candles, to about 200,0001. There is also a 



very large coasting trade in fruits, &c., brought down to the market at 

 Buenos Ayres, in vessels constructed for the service, and chiefly the 

 property of Italians and Frenchmen. As Buenos Ayres alone of the 

 provinces of the Argentine Confederation has a coast-line, and 

 consequently was thus brought into connection with foreign nations, 

 ;he provincial government, though not by express arrangement, from 

 ;he tirst carried on the business of the Confederation with foreign 

 [wwers. It also sought to assume to itself the monopoly of the 

 external commerce, by strictly closing the navigation of the Parand 

 to foreign vessels. The endeavour to maintain this political and 

 commercial supremacy has led to protracted wars with foreign powers, 

 as well as with the other provinces, as has been already noticed in our 

 account of the ARGENTINE CONFEDERATION. It is therefore only 

 necessary to add here that the state of siege, which in that article Buenos 

 Ayres was said to be enduring, has since been raised, and commercial 

 relations have been resumed ; that a treaty has been agreed upon 

 between General Urquiza, as president of the Argentine Confederation, 

 and the governments of Great Britain, France, and the United States, 

 For the opening of the Parana and Uruguay, and establishing a 

 protectorate over the island of Martin Garcia, which commands the 

 entrances of these rivers ; and that Buenos Ayres has published a 

 formal protest addressed to "all European governments," against that 

 or any such treaty. The differences between Buenos Ayres and the 

 other provinces remain of course still unsettled. The tenacity with 

 which Buenos Ayres clings to its commercial policy is easy to be under- 

 stood, when it is stated that nearly the whole of the revenue required 

 for carrying on its government, and meeting the demands of its 

 creditors, is obtained from its custom-duties ; and that while the 

 Parand remained closed to foreign vessels, the entire import and 

 export trade of the riverine provinces, as well as the interior, had to 

 be supplied through the port of Buenos Ayres. According to the 

 constitution, the executive consists of a governor, or captain -general, 

 as he is styled, aided by a council of ministers appointed by himself. 

 He is responsible to the junta, or legislative assembly, by whom 

 he is elected. The junta itself consists of 44 deputies, one-half of 

 whom are annually renewed by the people. 



There are few towns of any importance in this province except the 

 capital BUENOS AYRES. The next largest city is that of San Nicolas 

 de lot Arroyet, which is well situated on high ground on the Parana, 

 about 190 miles from Buenos Ayres, and has about 8000 inhabitants. 

 The town covers a considerable space, in consequence of the better 

 houses having large fruit gardens attached. The streets, which are 

 built at right angles, have brick foot-ways. The church in the great 

 square has a large wooden cross opposite to its entrance. Near it are 

 the barracks. There ara schools for boys and girls. The town has 

 a good deal of trade ; and has been steadily improving for some years. 

 San Pedro, population about 1000, is another of the towns on the 

 Parana, which appears capable of carrying on a considerable trade, 

 Tandil is a small place, situated at the foot of a range of rocky hills, 

 about 210 miles S. by W. from Buenos Ayres, which serves as a fort 

 against the Indians, and to supply the wanta of the surrounding 

 country. Chcucamcu, about 90 miles S.E. from Buenos Ayres, adjoin- 

 ing the largest lake of the same name, was once a place of some trade, 

 and contained upwards of 4000 inhabitants, but became greatly 

 reduced during the late civil wars. It has a large but now partly 

 ruinous church, and several stores and shops kept by Europeans. 



(Sir Woodbine Parish, Buenos Ayres, new edition ; MacCaun ; 

 Gerstaecker, Ac.) 



BUENOS AYRES, the capital of the province of Buenos Ayres, 

 and the chief city of the Argentine Confederation, in South America, 

 is situated in 34 36' 29" S. lat., 58 10' 11" W. long., on the south 

 bank of the upper part of the wide sestuary of the La Plata River, 

 about 1J3 miles from the place where it enters the sea. The popula- 

 tion of the city in 1825 was 81,136, it is now estimated at about 

 120,000. 



The La Plata at Buenos Ayres is about 36 miles wide, so that 

 Colonia, a small place on the opposite bank, is only visible from the 

 more elevated places in the town, and then only in very clear weather. 

 Though the sestuary has a considerable depth in the middle, it grows 

 so shallow towards its south bank, that large vessels are obliged to 

 remain in the outer roads, about seven miles from the shore ; small 

 vessels enter the inner roads, called ' belizas,' where they are still two 

 miles from the town. The beach itself is extremely shallow ; even 

 boats cannot approach nearer than from 50 yards to a quarter of a 

 mile, according to the state of the tide, and persons as well as goods 

 are landed in rudely constructed carts drawn by oxen. When it blows 

 fresh the surf on the beach is very heavy, and often causes loss of life. 

 The city stands on a high bank for about two miles along the river, 

 and has a handsome appearance at a distance. Between the city and 

 the water's edge is a space of considerable width, rarely covered by 

 the tides, on which General Rosas, in 1847, commenced the construc- 

 tion of a great sea-wall, which was intended to stretch northward 

 from the fort the whole length of the city, and to bo planted with 

 trees, so as to form a grand esplanade. Though it remains at present 

 unfinished, it still forms a favourite promenade. On the beach, about 

 the centre of the line of houses, is the fort or castle, the walls of which 

 extend to the water's edge, and are mounted with cannon. Its build- 

 ings arc appropriated to public offices, and the residence of the 



