. . 



i-.rii/rir. 



: - 



at the republic. About . mile lower down the high bank 

 ...,,.,, tow mlaixl. leaving vast level plain along the shore, 

 tranrwd I-T little -irwun, which mini p>l harbour for null 

 , I*, mouth fata kind of cimihr l-AL 



cran, m noaui mrnuu*; mm i wn.-u 



Behind the oasUe U the Plaza de la Vittoeta, a great square, wtteb 

 nmnrlTT a t~atrTW-H' space ; it U divided into two parts by a long 

 aad tow edifice, which Mrves as a kind of bazaar, and has a corridor 

 along the whole Isngth of each aide, which U used as a shelter for the 

 market people. One aide U occupied as a market The opposite ride, 

 which la much larger, is a kind of 'place d'arme,,' and contains a 

 very fine edlfior, called the 'cabildo, or town-house, in which the 

 courts of justice hold their aaarlims, and the city council, or cabil.l. . 

 nU. Sear the centre of the aquare is a neat pyramid, with an 

 eaibistnaUc figure at each corner, erected in commemoration of the 



aWMV HKlUw > vmauw WIMV* v* WVM i 



Revolution, by which the country wai freed from the dominion of 



'Then are in the cHy fifteen churchea, of which the principal is the 

 cathedral, which of Haelf cover* almost a whole square. The front is 

 modern portico of 12 Corinthian columns. It is surmounted with a 

 km and tofty dome. The interior it very splendid. San Doming.., 

 8sn Merced, San Francisco, and the Kecoleta are all large and 

 some buDdinga, bat of a somewhat gloomy and neglected aspect In 

 the time < f the Spaniards these churches were ornamented with a 

 profusion of gold and silver, but the revolutionary wars have drained 

 them of their wealth. For the u*e of BritUh subjects, who are very 

 umarous, a church was erected some years back, at a cost of about 

 40001. half of which was contributed by the Brit i.-h government ; it is 

 capable of holding about 900 persons, and the service is conducted 

 according to the rite* of the Church of England. The Scotch, who 

 number in the city and suburbs about 1000, hive a Presbyterian 

 chapel which hold* about 400 persons. A Methodist chapel was 

 erected in 1842, at a coat of 2250/., which is used by all sections of 

 nrllisti Dissenter*. The Germans number about 800 ; the Protestant 

 portion of them have a chapel in connection with the Evangelical 

 Church of Prussia. In connection with all these Protestant places of 

 warship are schools for the children of both sexes. For a long time 

 were flourishing establishments, but by a series of measures, 

 racing in 1844, the government has placed them under such 

 restriction*, including a very oppressive degree of police 

 that their efficiency has been seriously impaired, and 

 continually imperilled. A Protestant 'cemetery has a 

 neat gothic cbapeL There are general hospitals for the sick, and 

 niimamm benevolent institutions, supported by both Roman Catholics 

 and Protestants. 



The street* of the city are at regular intervals, and are open at right 

 angle* to the river, with a rather steep ascent from the shore. They 

 are straight and regular ; a few of them near the piazza are paved, but 

 h* greater part are unpaved and very dirty. Besides the Alameda, 

 or public walk on the beach, there are also public pleasure-grounds, 

 lately opened at a short distance from the city. 



In the neighbourhood of the plaza there are many houses of two 

 stories, bat toward* the outskirts the houses have only one story. 

 The most noticeable of the commercial buildings are the 'baraccas,' 

 at ware-boom*, which are very extensive establishments, well provided 

 with hydraulic presses, Ac., but the buildings themselves are little 

 batter than long sheds. Though the trade of the city is very con- 

 siderable, the streets have a dull and listless appearance, especially to 

 one accustomed to the bustle and activity of an English commercial 

 town. The extent of the commerce and its character are sufficiently 

 indicated under AracirrniB CoxruoERATiox and BUENOS AYRES, 

 (Province of). Hotel*, boarding-houses, and stores are numerous ; 

 atraral of them are kept by English and Americans. 



In the vicinity of the city are many extensive aheep farms and 

 Baladera, and a Urge establishment for the preparation of preserved 



Ho other town of South America has so many institution* for the 

 promotion of science. Tho university is attended by about 4iO 

 stodmta, and pnssiaui a library of about 20,000 volumes. There are 

 also ajoDeetion of objects of natural history, an observatory, a sepa- 

 rate sshool of matheiiiaHei ; a public school, a achool for painting and 

 drawing ; a literary society for the promotion of natural philosophy 

 end mathematics, an academy of medicine, and another of jurispni- 

 oawos, a nurajal school tor isjs^ual instruction, a patriotic union for 

 the promotion of acrlouhon, besides som* charitable societies. Several 

 nswapap^* are pnbtiahad in ths town. 



The majority of the inhabitant* are ths descendant* of Spaniard*, 



who hare arttlsd in the eountry daring the last three centuries. The 



number * Ire* nagross or alarm Is small ; that of native Indians i 



greater ; they compos* the larger part of the lower classes, and 



BSBkoD|y Bpanwh, having entirely forgotten the language of their 



Ths town was founded by the Spaniard* in 1535, but in 1689, 

 being obt%*d by ths neighbouring Indian* to abandon it, th*y retired 

 * Aaawmptton. on the Paraguay. Whan the Bpaniard* were firmly 

 ' r rebuilt the town in 16RO, and since that 



climate is 



' - ~ "^--w ^f-r^^m ' f S>SBSBB*S>SSBBJ SOU tODWlAU OH 



i was bsstowad o K by " ' ' 



* Assumption, on ths Paraguay. Whan the Spaniard* war* finr 

 rttlsd hi the country they rebuilt the town in 1680, and lince tl 

 bne it aHrrnn ha* b**n boraaaiajr, though slowly. The climate 

 Ithy, w iu nan.. Btwnoa Ayr** (good air) implies, an *ppell*ti 

 VM ovMOWM oft I* toy ni fotUMtfr JUOOOHL 



nn-TALO, United State*, the chief town of En. 



< situated at the head of Niagara Hiver, near it* right 

 bank, in 42 88' N. lat, 78 65' W. long., distant 328 miles W 

 Albany by railway, and 864 miles by canal. The popul.: 



Buffalo in 1810 was 1608 ; in 1825 it wan 5140 ; in 1830 it 

 wa 8C58 : in 1840 tin- number of inhabitants wag 1 8,21:1 ; in 1 



s 42,240. The rapid increase of the town may bo iwr 

 circumstance of the Erie Canal comic < ti River at 



All 'any with Lake Erie baring its tormiu 



The rostuary of Buffalo Creek, on the right bank <>:" town 



la (situated, and which hero falls it 



!ji...!i"iis and safe harbour of Buffalo. Niagara River i the channel 

 of communication between Lakes Erie and Ontarki. Buffalo stands 

 on elevated ground, commanding varied and ]>i<-; 

 land and lake scenery. The town is surrounded on throe sides by 

 a fine alluvial plain. The houses are well built, and are arrange! in 

 numerous broad and regularly laid-out streets and three handsome 

 public squares. The streets are lighted with gas. There is a good 

 supply of water. The churches, which belong to nbout twelve dif- 

 ferent denominations, are about furty in nu:iilnT. The Roman 

 Catholic cathedral is the most striking of the ecclesiastical edifices. 

 Besides a full supply of common schools, which ore open to all 

 children, there ore numerous educational ( .1 higher class. 



Buffalo possesses a uuivi rxity, chartered in 1S46, connected with which 

 is a Medical school The Young Men's Association is a kind of 

 literary institute, possessing a library of about 7000 volumes, a small 

 mineralogies! and zoological museum, and a good reading-room. The 

 German Young Men's Association is a similar institution with a 

 library, chiefly consisting of works in the German language. I 

 newspapers are published in Buffalo, including four duly papers. 

 There are numerous benevolent institutions in the city, of which may 

 be named the Orphan Asylum, the City Hospital, t! rphan 



Asylum, the Hospital of tho Sisters of Charity, and tlw Asso. 

 for the Relief of the Poor. A considerable trade : n at 



Buffalo. Large quantities of wheat, Indian corn, flour, butter, Ac., 

 are imported. 



The number of travellers passing through Buffalo is at all times 

 very great ; it forms the port whence persons 



part of the western states first embark upon the lakes. Buffalo was 

 attacked by the British in 1813, and H> entirely .! 

 that of about 200 houses of which the place then consisted only one 

 escaped. Tho lapse of forty years has made a vast change in the 

 aspect of the town, which is now an important commercial po. 

 the twelfth in amount of population of the cities of the United States. 

 The railway communication possessed by the town is abundant, reach- 

 ing to Albany, to New York, to Canada, and in var' .<>ns to 

 the interior of the country. The Gran. I . tho main 

 of the prosperity of Buffalo, was commenced in 1817 and finished in 

 1825 ; it is 863 miles long, with a surface width of 40 feet, and has 

 84 locks. The cost of its construction was about t.-n milli 

 dollars: large tolls are received from the traffic carried along its wafers. 

 In 1850 there were entered at the port 719 vessel* of I 1 

 burden, and thera,cleared 748 vessels of 108, 593 tons. The arrivals 

 in the coasting-trade were 3558 vessels of 1,255,480 tons, an.l the 

 clearances 8599 vessels of 1,263,907 tons. The value of tho merchan- 

 dise carried along the Erie Canal amounted to between eight and nine 

 millions of pounds sterling; the goods from Albany by railway 

 amounted to about a million and a quarter. 



.; id v Kit. [rK..] 



BUOEY, a district of France, formerly included in Burgogne, is 

 It. Miinl.'.l S.K., S., and S.W. by the Rhone, which here makes a con- 

 siderable bend. Bclley was its capital. It now forms the arrondisse- 

 ment of Bailey and Nantua in the department of A IN, im<l<-r which 

 head the nature and products of the country are noticed. Tho towns 

 . Nantua, and Seyssel were also in Bugey. Bugey formerly 

 was subject to the counts of Savoy, by whom it was ceded to France 

 by the treaty of Lyon, A.D. 1801. 



BUTLTH, Brecknockshire, a market-town and the seat of a 

 Law Union in the parish and hundred of Builth, is situated on the 

 right bank of the run- \V V ., in 52 9' N. lat., 8 8' W. long. ; distant 

 14 miles N. from Brecknock, and 178 miles W. by N. from London. 

 1 .ultion of the parish of Builth, otherwise Llanvair-yn Kuullt, 

 in 1851 WM 1158. The living is a perpetual curacy in the arch- 

 deaconry of Brecon and diocese of St David's. Builth Poor- Law 

 Union contains 81 parishes and townships, with an area of 142,720 

 acres and a population in 1851 of 8346. 



In tho 2th of Henry III. the castle of Builth, a fortress of great 

 strength and importance, was in tho possession of Roger Moi 

 who was dispossessed of it by Llewellyn prince of North Wnlos. 

 Llewellyn was afterwards betrayed by the garrison of this castle, 

 whence the cpith r <>f Huilth ' was affix 



to the townsmen. In the early part of Henry VI's reign the castle 

 was held l.y Kdmund, the last Mortimer Earl of March, after whom 

 it devolved on his brother-in-law, Richard, earl of Cambridge. It 

 afterwards became vested in the crown, and has since passed through 

 various hand< t<> Ukt Qwynne family. Tho castle occupied a height 

 .-. tin- river Wye. The only portion now existing is a small 

 fragment of the north wall. 



