IM 





I JOMM, or mm amounting to 40 be* of rupee* (400,0001), 



kick amount is sold to b* teat than one-half of the sum collected by 

 bin from his tenant*. The** tenant* form a numerous class, who, 

 lik* UM middlemen in Irrlan I. have divided their holdings among 

 uti ten*nt. reMTVtnx a profft-rent to themselves. Coal-mines have 

 DM worked in this district for many yean, but the operations have 

 ot b**o xl**li The extent of Ui coal-Held has not been ascer- 

 tained, bat is known to b* great ; the mine* now worked are iu the 

 posMMton of an English company, whose rights extend over 4 mile* of 

 urfao*. The (earn i* feet thick, and is found 90 feet below the 

 rarfac* The coal i. brought down the Hoogly to Calcutta, but it is 

 of VWT inferior quality. Iron ore, and stone suitable for building are 

 km obtained. The town of Him/van, the capital of the district and 

 UM re-id^oc* of the British agent, is situated in 23 15' N. lat, 87 57' 

 B. km*, about 80 mile* north-north-west from Calcutta. The Raja 

 of Bordwan reudm in the town, in which he ha* a palace with large 

 nrdso*. 



BPRFORD, Oxfordshire, a market-town in the parish of Burford 

 nd hundred of Hampton, is situated on an ascent on the right bank 

 of UM river Windru.h, in 51* 48' V. lat, 1 39' W. long., distant 18 

 mOe* W. by N. from Oxford, and 72 miles W. by N. from London. 

 Tbe popnlalioo of the township of Burford in 1851 wa* 1593 ; of the 

 eatfre paruh 1819. The living is a vicarage held with the perpetual 

 coney of Fulbrook in the archdeaconry and diocese of Oxford. 



Bnrford was in 752 the scene of conflict between Cuthred, king of 

 Weasex. and Ethelbald, king of Mercia ; Ethclbald was vanquished, 

 and hi* (Undard, a golden dragon, taken. The scene of the engage- 

 ment is still called Battle Edge. The town hod a charter of incor- 

 poration from Henry II. A corporate officer retaining the name of 

 alderman has for the most part the management of the affairs of the 

 town. The market chiefly for corn is held on Saturday ; and there 

 are three annual fairs. The county magistrates hold petty sessions 

 in the town. Burford possesses a savings bank. 



Iturford church, dedicated to St John the Baptist, is a commodious 

 cruciform structure, chiefly perpendicular ; it has a central tower of 

 Norman date, surmounted with a spire in the perpendicular style. 

 The roof of the nave, now much mutilated and altered, has been of 

 remarkably fine wood-work. The Itaptists and Wealeyan Methodists 

 have place* of worship in Burford. There ore a National school for 

 girl* and a school for young boys. The Free Grammar school founded 

 in 1571 has an income from endowment of 851. a year ; the number of 

 scholars in 1851 was 32. There is a parochial library. Many of the 

 hotue* in Burford are ancient ; some of them are interesting to the 

 archaeologist and architectural student There was formerly a small 

 priory or hospital in Burford parish, dedicated to St. John the 

 Evangelist: it* site is now occupied by a mansion called 'the Priory,' 

 interesting u having belonged to Lord Falkland, and to the Speaker 

 LeathaL The present mansion contains some valuable historical 

 portrait* by Holbein, Vandyke, and Cornelius Jansen. 



EURO, a town in Prussian Saxony, is situated on the Ihle, 64 miles 

 K.W. from Berlin, 10 miles by railway N.E. from Magdeburg, and 

 ha* about 15,000 inhabitant*. It is surrounded by a wall with five 

 gate*, contain* three square*, three Lutheran churches, one CaMm-t 

 church, a civic school, an hospital, and a poor-house. In 1817 the 

 population wa* 9101. Burg has been famous for many centuries 

 for iu extensive woollen manufacture*. Many of It* factories are 

 worked by (team power. Engineering factories for the fabrication of 

 machinery and millwork have been recently established. Yarns and 

 linetw, pottery. Ac., are made ; it ha* also some tanneries and dye 

 work*, and a brisk wool trade. Agriculture, including the growth of 

 tobacco, bop*, and chicory, and the rearing of cattle and sheep, are 

 carried on in the immediate environs. 



BCROlxtitK. (Brux] 



ill. [LINCOLNSHIRE.] 

 UBOH CAHTLE. [SVTMBi.] . 

 ni'ROOS. a city of Spain, capital of the ancient kingdom and 

 province of C**tilUU Vi* (Old Castile) ., n ,| ,.f tl, province 



of Barfo*, t* situated on the northern or right bank of the Arlanxon, 

 aa affluent of UM Pteurn, in 42" 21' N. lat, 3 42' W. long., 140 

 lM* . from Madrid, by the road. Hi* theseeofanarchhUhop, and 

 U UM ramdrao* of a captein-getwral. The population is about 12,000. 

 Bono* I* troll! partly at the foot and partly on the acclivity of a 

 1 bill, which i* crowned by the k*ep and other remains of the 



U) eoMfaU of handsome modern houses, and 



, to UM central bridge, the Puente de Rant* Maria, 



wh*r UM road* from Madrid and VolUdolid unite, and croasing the 

 onfi enter UM city by the arched gate of Hanta Maria. Thence 

 UM principal aad wide* street ancends the hill to the principal 

 qoar*. UM Plan Mayor, in which are UM cathMral, the arch- 

 Ml*ny. pake* on 1 the town hall (Caw d* AynnUmiento). The 

 jjT Mm* an irregular semicircle, with considerable portion* of the 

 walk still steading toward* the river front The street* are 

 "I "nww, crooked, nd dark ; bat UM Call* Alu, Call* de San 



Lorenxo, and other street* above the Plaza Mayor, are wider, and 

 contain several of the half-fortress mansions of the old nubility, such 

 as that of the Constable of Castile, in the 1'1-izuela de la Libert ud, 

 with its towers, arms, and rope over the portal, whence it U called 

 the C*sa del Cordon (House of the Rope). A structure mil. .1 I-'. 

 !! < 'id marks the site of the house occupied by the CM Itodrigo 

 Diaz de Vibar, who, an the inscription cm it records, was born In 

 1020, and died in 1099, in the city of Valencia. His remains how- 

 ever were interred in the monastery of San Pedro de Cordena, two 

 or three miles from Burgos, where the statue of the Cid mounted 

 on his charger Babieco surmounts the entrance-gateway. A xhcrt 

 distance below the city a branch of the Arlanzon separate* 

 from the main stream, and sweeping round re-enter* it, thn forming 

 La Isla (the Island), which is laid out in public walks and pleasure 

 gardens. The lowest bridge across the Arlanzon is called the Pueute 

 de la Merced (Bridge of Mercy), and there are two email bridges 

 cross the branch-stream to La Isla, A stream called La Vena enters 

 the Arlanzon a little above the city, and a small stream, Kl 

 divided into watercourses called Esquevos, traverses and clean.-. 

 streets. The fountains are abundantly supplied with good water. 



The arched gateway of Santa Maria (Kl riO. massy 



and battlemented, is crowned by a statue of the Virgin Mary, seated, 

 with a child on her knees. In the centre of the I'lu/.a Mayor is a 

 bronze statue of Carlos III. This square has an arc.xle running along 

 three of the sides, with small shops beneath and handsome houses 

 above. The Plaza Mayor however is too small to afford a good view 

 of the cathedral, which is besides much encumbered with houses. 

 The cathedral is very large, and one of the finest works of gotliic 

 architecture in Spain. It was commenced in 1221, and is of various 

 styles, but mostly florid. The two western towers are surmounted 

 by spires of the most delicate open work in stone, almost transparent, 

 and looking like lace that the wind might blow away. These towers 

 were built about 1400 by Juan de Colon ia (Cologne) and his son 

 Simon. The central octagonal tower, which surmounts an i 

 cupola, rising 180 feet from circular buttresses, was completed in 

 1567, the original cupola and transept having fallen in 1539. Thin 

 tower is elaborately ornamented, and has numerous pinnacles. A 

 magnificent rose-window surmounts the western entrance, with a 

 gallery beneath, but the deeply-recessed triple doorway has been 

 removed and replaced by modern work in bad taste. The cathedral 

 contains seven or eight large chapels, one of which, the Chapel of the 

 Constable (Capilla del Condestable), is a church of itself, with a tower, 

 choir, and chapels, all of beautiful florid gothic. This chapel was 

 erected as the burial-place of the Velasco family, the hcreditai , 

 stables of Castile. The interior of the cathedral is much crowded by 

 the lofty choir, with its reja, or railing, the chapels, organs, arch- 

 bishop's throne, retablo of the grand altar, carved stalls, and tombs. 

 The chapels, as well as the cathedral, are full of sculpture, much of 

 it in the national painted style, by the Kayos. T! 

 to the same period as the two western towers, that of Enriijue Ml 

 They are perfect in design, in proportion, and in ornament, and contain 

 several monument* adorned with interesting sculptures. There are 

 other churches well worth inspection, among which that of San 

 Esteban is distinguished by its rich facade, and the Dominican church 

 of Son Pablo for its fine cloisters. 



Burgos contains several hospitals and other charitable establish- 

 ments ; among which may be mentioned the three u itala of 

 San Juan, San Julian, and Son Quirce, the Hospital del Rey , the 

 d Militar, and the Hospicia y Casa de Epositos. It contains 

 also a theatre, a museum, and a prison. Among the educational insti- 

 are the Instuito Superior Hill-gale's with 20 professors of 

 '. arts, and language* ; the Colcgio de Son Nicolas, in the 

 Hiihiirb of the Vega ; and four primary schools in the city, which give 

 gratuitous instruction to about 350 scholars. 



In 1845 there were 80 loom* employed in making woollen goods, 

 and 140 looms in making linen goods; there vviv ] 4 H)I..| 

 in making articles of leather, such as saddles and l>ri'l].' . 7 Imt 

 factories, 14 flour-mills, 3 chocolate-mills, and a large p:ip.'r -mill in 

 the iuburb of the Vega. The chief support of Burgos however arises 

 from it* being on the great road to Madrid from France and the 

 northern provinces of Spain. 



In tli.. neighbourhood of Burgos are the Carthusian convent of 

 Miraflorcs, 1441-14PS, <>f very fine florid gothic architecture, and thn 

 nunnery if Santa Maria la Real, commonly called Lou Huclgas, l> 

 built in some ' garden* of recreation ' which belonged to Alonso VIII. 



Burgos was founded in the year 884 by Diego de Porcelos, who 

 erected the castle as a means of defence against the Moors. The 

 town grew up beneath the castle, the citizen* became powerful, and 

 elected judges to govern them, among whom were Lain Colvo and 

 others who are mentioned in the old ballads. It afterwards became 

 a large city with from 40,000 to 60,000 inhabitant*, and shared alter- 

 nately with Toledo the honour of being the residence of the count*, 

 constables, and kings (the condes, oondestables, and reyes) of Castillo, 

 in the beginning of the 16th century, removed the 

 court to Madrid, Burgos lost its importance, and it* population 

 immediately began to diminish. In 1812 the fortress was besieged 

 by Wellington, who, after four assaults, which all failed, retreated 

 before the advancing French army to the neighbourhood of Ciudod 



