107 



BURGUNDY. 



BURSLEM. 



183 



Rodrigo, where he remained in winter-quarters till the spring of 1813, 

 when he commenced his great campaign against the united French 

 armies of the south and centre, took the fortress of Burgos, fought 

 the battle of Vittoria, and drove the invaders over the Pyrenees. 



(Ford, Hand-Hook of Spain; Hoskins, Spain as it Is, 1851 ; 

 Widdrington, Spain and the Spaniards, 1844 ; Mudoz, Diccionario 

 de Sipana.) 



BURGUNDY. [BOUBCOGNE.] 



BURLINGTON, United States, the capital of Chittenden County, 

 State of Vermont, is situated on the left bank of the Wonoo?ki, or 

 Onion River, at its entrance into Lake Champlain, in 44 27' N. 

 lat., 73 10' W. long., distant 440 miles N.E. from Washington. 

 The population in 1850 was 7505. The streets are regularly laid 

 out, and intersect at right angles : in the centre is a spacious area 

 containing the court-house. Many of the dwelling-houses are sub- 

 stantial and handsome. Besides the county buildings and several 

 churches and schools, the chief building is the University of 

 Vermont. The University was founded in 1791 ; it has 7 instruc- 

 tors and 107 students, with a library of 13,000 volumes. The amount 

 of tonnage of vessels trading from Burlington was 4530 tons in 1850, 

 h 3096 tons belonged to steam vessels. In the foreign trade 

 in 1849-50 there cleared from the port 342 vessels of 82,856 tons; 

 the entries for the same time amounted to 404 vessels of 99,435 tons. 

 A railway 43 miles long from Burlington to Rousse's Point affords 

 facilities for communication with Canada. In the vicinity of 

 Burlington are several manufacturing villages. 



BURLINGTON, U.S. [NEW JERSEY.] 



BURLOS. [E'-in.] 



BURMAN EMPIRE. [BiBMA* EMPIRE.] 



BURNHAM. [BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.] 



BUKNHAM WESTGATE. [NOSFOUL] 



BURNLEY, Lancashire, a manufacturing and market-town and the 

 seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Whalley and hundred of 

 Blackburn, is situated in 53 47' N. lat., 2 14' W. long., 36 miles S.E. 

 from Lancaster, 210 miles N.N.W. from London by road, and 219 

 1 iy the North-Western railway via Trent Valley. The living is 

 a perpetual curacy in the vicarage of Whalley, archdeaconry and 

 diocese of Manchester. Burnley Poor-Law Union contains 26 parishes 

 and townships, with an area of 44,378 acres, and a population in 1851 

 of 63,870. 



The town is pleasantly situated, chiefly in a narrow vale, forming a 

 tongue of land on the banks of the Brun or Burn, from which it 

 derives its name, about a mile and a half above the confluence of that 

 river with the Calder. Many remains of Roman antiquities coins, 

 pottery, and urns containing ashes and calcined bones have been 

 discovered about the place. Some Saxon remains have also been 

 found ; and at a small distance east of the town is a place called 

 ' Saxifield,' which tradition has marked as the scene of a battle in the 

 times of the heptarchy. Adjoining the town and near the church is 

 an ancient cross. 



Though an old town, the greater part of Burnley is of recent erec- 

 tion, and the houses are chiefly built of freestone, which is found in 

 the neighbourhood. The town is well lighted with gas, and has a 

 good supply of water. 



The parochial chapel of Burnley, dedicated to St. Peter, has under- 

 gone much alteration : the present edifice had originally four chantries, 

 namely, the rood altar, placed upon the rood-loft at the entrance of 

 the choir, now removed ; the altar of St. Peter ; the altar of St. Mary ; 

 and the altar of St. Anthony. It combines various styles of architec- 

 ture. The chapel of the Virgin Mary contains some shields of arms, 

 and a monument to the memory of Charles Towuley, Esq., whose 

 collection of marbles is now in the British Museum. The new church 

 of St. James was consecrated in 1849. The Wesleyan Association and 

 Primitive Methodists, Independents, Baptists, and Roman Catholics 

 have places of worship. The Roman Catholic chapel is a large and 

 me building, consecrated in 1849. 



The Free Grammar school in North Parade, founded about 1650, 

 has an income from endowment of about ISO/, per annum, and had 

 about 40 scholars in 1851, under the care of a head and a second 

 master. The school has an interest in 13 scholarships in Brasenose 

 College, Oxford; but from disuse this interest ]'.. t been 



forfeited. In a room over the school is a valuable library, left by the 

 Rev. Henry Halsted, rector of Stansfield, for the use of the scholars. 

 The Rev. Dr. Whitaker, the learned master of St. John's College, 

 Cambridge, and the historian of the 'original parish of Whalley,' 

 1 hid early education in this school. There are several National, 

 '.. uud other school.*, including a Roman Catholic school. 

 1 benevolent institutions are maintained for the benefit of the 

 sick and the indigent. A mechanics institution and reading-room is 

 in St. James's Street, and a Church of England literary institution is 

 hi Market Street. There is a savings bank. The chief building in 

 the town for public purposes a the court-bouse, situated in Keighley 

 Green ; it serves for a county constabulary station, a magistrates' 

 room, and a room for public meetings, lectures, and exhibitions. 

 There are two markets; one held on Mondays in the principal streets, 

 and another on Saturdays in the new inarket-plac?, which has accom- 

 modation fur the vendors of meat, fish ruit, and vegetables." A 

 county court is held in Burnley. 



The trade of Burnley was formerly confined to woollens ; but the 

 cotton manufacture is now the staple. There are some extensive 

 cotton-spinning and weaving mills, one or two calico-printing estab- 

 lishments, three worsted mills, four corn mills (one of them very 

 large), iron foundries, machine-making works, brass foundries, roperies, 

 tanneries, breweries, and collieries. 



The Leeds and Liverpool Canal, which nearly surrounds the town, 

 affords communication for the conveyance of goods across the whole 

 line of country from the German Ocean to the Irish Sea. Besides 

 its manufactures Burnley sends coal, freestone, and slate from the 

 vicinity. The East Lancashire railway passes through Burnley 

 on its way from Bury to Colne. A branch from Burnley to 

 Todmorden connects it with the Lancashire and Yorkshire railway. 



BURNTISLAND, Fifeshire, Scotland, a town, royal burgh, and sea- 

 port, in the parish of Burntislaud, on the north or left side of the 

 Frith of Forth, is situated in 56 4' N. lat., 3 13' W. long., about Si 

 miles nearly due north from Leith : the population of the royal burgh 

 in 1851 was 2329, of the parliamentary burgh 2724. Thu burgh is 

 governed by 2 bailies and id councillors, of whom one is provost; and 

 unites with Kirkaldy, Dysart, and Kinghorn in returning one member 

 to the Imperial Parliament. 



Burntisland was made a royal burgh in 1568. At the General 

 Assembly which met here in 1601 James VI. took the oath to the 

 Covenant. The town was fortified in the reign of Charles I., and 

 besieged and taken by Cromwell, who repaired and considerally 

 improved the harbour. The town chiefly consists of two parallel 

 streets terminated by the harbour on the west. The harbour is deep 

 and well sheltered. Being now the principal ferry station, the town 

 has much increased of late years. There is a good diy dock ; and on 

 the eastern pier is a lighthouse, the light of which may be seen a 

 distance of seven miles. Burntisland formerly possessed a considerable 

 trade. About 1656 there were twelve ports, including St. Andrew's 

 and the now extensive port of Kirkaldy, which were subordinate to 

 Burntisland. For many years past its traffic has been confined to that 

 arising from the curing of herrings and from distilleries in the neigh- 

 bourhood. Ship-building is carried on. There is daily steam commu- 

 nication with Granton on the opposite coast, and the Edinburgh and 

 Northern railway opens up a direct communication with the whole 

 north-east of Scotland, the passage across the Frith being effected 

 here by a floating railway. 



The parish church was built in 1592. There are also a Free 

 church, and chapels for United Presbyterians and Episcopalians. 



North from the town, on the summit of Duuearn Hill, an eminence 

 rising 695 feet above the sea, is a level space surrounded with a number 

 of loose stones, which has been called Agricola's Camp, and supposed, 

 very improbably, to mark the site of a Roman encampment. On 

 another eminence overhanging the harbour stands Rossend Castle, 

 erected about the 15th century. 



BURRA BURRA. [SOUTH AUSTRALIA.] 



BURRAMPOO'TER. [BBAHMAPU'THA.] 



BURSLEM, Staffordshire, a manufacturing and market-town, and 

 conjointly with Wolstanton the seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish 

 of Burslem and hundred of Pirehill, is situated on the sides of the 

 river Trent, in 53 3' N. lat., 2 12' W. long., 18 miles N. by W. from 

 Stafford, 151 miles N.W. from London by road, and 148 miles Ijy 

 railway vii Trent Valley : the population of the township in 1851 was 

 15,954, being an increase of upwards of 25 per cent, since 1841. The 

 township forms part of the parliamentary borough of Stoke-upon- 

 Trent. The living is a rectory in the archdeaconry of Stafford and 

 diocese of Lichfield. Burslem and Wolstanton Poor-Law Union con- 

 tains the two parishes, with an area of 13,192 acres, and a population 

 in 1851 of 41,914. 



Burslem is governed chiefly under the provisions of an Act passed 

 in 1826, which appoints trustees for the management of the town-hall 

 and the market, and commissioners for lighting and police, in Burslem 

 and a portion of its neighbourhood ; each body having power to levy 

 rates for carrying out the provisions of the Act. The county con- 

 stabulary force was introduced into Burslem in 1842. In 1847 and 

 1848 Acts were obtained for supplying with water a large district of 

 the potteries, including Burslem. The surface reservoir of the Staf- 

 fordshire Potteries' Waterworks Company is within this parish, about 

 one mile and a half from the town, and at a sufficient elevation to 

 serve a wide district. The town is on a height, favourably situated 

 for the discharge of surface water ; but the character of the soil is 

 such as to retain a large quantity of moisture. The lower part of the 

 town is liable to occasional inundations from the overflow of brooks 

 which inclose the town on the west, south, and east. A Local Board 

 of Health has been recently established. 



The principal streets of Burslem are moderately well paved, but 

 the poorer streets very badly. In Burslem town the foot-paths are 

 mostly paved with hard blue bricks, but in some cases with ashes 

 obtained from the burning of argillaceous ironstone. Burslem pos- 

 sesses few public buildings. The tower of the parish church is con- 

 sidered to be the oldest existing structure in the Potteries' district, 

 but the body of the church is comparatively modern. In the parish 

 are several other churches, besides chapels for Dissenters. In the 

 market-place, in the centre of the town, is the market-house, town- 

 hall, and news-room. A mechanics institution and reading-room is m 



