MIA i.. 





vn 



lh* town. About mite from Bunlam vtand* the North SUffordhir t Swannington linn, place Burton in railway communication with all 



' 



Innrmary. ery larg* eatabliahment, which *erve* for the whole of 

 th* Pottirr dMnet, and ia mainly supported by the manufacturer*. 

 Then an barrack* at Burmlem. 



Bonkm often receive* the name of the ' Mother of Potterie.,' 

 having b*a* the flirt, and for a Ion*; period th* chief of the pottery 

 towaa. From an eirly period it ha* been dUtinguiahed for the 

 variety and excellence of the day* in ita vicinity. All the lubaoil of 

 th* town U day, varying from * to 10 feet in thiokne** : it U called 

 in the neighbourhood ' tough Tom,' and i* employed in the manufac- 

 ture of red, brown, and yellow ware*. Below the subsoil i* a very 

 thick etntam of fire-clay, of which the *azger* or baking-vcaaels for 

 th* pottery kiln* an made. Below the fire-clay U coal Moat of the 

 early improvement* in the pottery manufacture were made at Burden, 

 and the town took the lead in thi* art until Wedgwood removed 

 th*nei to Etnirie, Longport i* now ao closely united to Bantam 

 that the two form in eBect one Urge town, every part of which is 

 eenied by the pottery work*, the houses of the workpeople and 

 employer*, or the shopkeepers. No town in England, perhaps, is 

 more oVpeodmt on one particulw branch of manufacture than Burs- 

 teat i* on that of porcelain and earthenware. Then an in the parish 

 bout 40 pottery establishment*, besides glass-works at Longport. 

 The lin i !* of coal-mine* and potteries and an improvement in trade 

 have led to the recent great increase of population. The town is 

 accommodated by the Grand Trunk Canal, and by the North Stafford - 

 hire railway, a station of which U at Longport 



(Shaw'< SltfonUtin ; Communication from Bturttem.) 



HI KT( >X-I N-KKNDAL, Westmoreland, a market-town in the parish 

 of Borton-itt-Kendal and ward of Lonsdale, is situated in the southern 

 part of the county, cloee to the border of Lancashire, in 54 11' N. hit, 

 0* 42' W. long. ; distant 34 miles S.S.W. from Applcby, 251 miles 

 N.W. by N. from London by road, and 243 miles by railway via 

 lannartrr The population of the township of Burton-iu-Kendal in 

 1851 waa 791. The living U a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Rich- 

 mond and diocere of Cheater, but i* to be transferred to the diocese 

 of CariUle. Burton i* a small but neat and regularly built town. 

 The market-place ia a spacious area, with good houses and shops. 

 A ttone croes atands in the centre of it The parish church, dedicated 

 to 8t Jamee, is an ancient but plain edifice, with side aisles and a 

 quart tower. The church has been lately well restored. Burton 

 ha* an old Orammar school ; also a National school, a parochial 

 library, and several charities. The linen and canvass manufacture 

 employ* aome of the inhabitants. The market is held on Tuesday : 

 at one time it was of considerable importance as a corn-market but 

 it i* now of little consequence. Two fairs are held yearly. The trade 

 of the town i* inconsiderable in amount. The scenery in the neigh- 

 bourhood of Burton is interesting. The climate is healthy. A county 

 court is held in the town. 



BURTON-UPON-TRENT, Staffordshire, a market-town and the 

 eat of a Poor-Law Union, in tho parish of Burton-upon-Trent and 

 hundred of North Offlow, is situated on the river Trent, in 52 4 8' N. lat, 

 1* S8'W. long.; distant 21 miles E. from Stafford, 124 miles N.W. byN. 

 from London by road, and 133 miles by the North- Western and 

 Midland railway*. The population of the town of Burton-upon-Trent 

 in 1851 wa 7984. The living is a curacy in the archdeaconry of 

 HUflbrd and dioceee of Licbfield. Burton Poor-Law Union contains 

 53 pariabe* and townships, with an area of 86,738 acres, and a 

 population in 1851 of 81,842. 



The town i* not incorporated, although usually called a borough. 

 The manor, which formerly belonged to the abbey of Burton, was 

 f^ren by Henry VIII. to an ancestor of the Marquis of Anglesey, the 

 pneeot lord of the manor. The government is in the hands of a 

 toward and bailiff, appointed by the lord of the manor. The paving 

 and lighting of the town an in the charge of commissioners 

 under a local Act The abbey of Burton was founded in the 



1th century by an Earl of Mercia, and had privileges granted to it 

 Tga. Some of the abbot* sat in Parliament The bridge 

 constructed of freestone, ha* thirty-wx arches, and 

 Mir** 1545 feet long. The parish church ia dedicated to 



I Modwena, the patron saint of the abbey. Then an two district 



church*. : Trinity church, erected about 1823 ; and Christ church, 



reeled in 1848. The Baptist* and Independent* have chapel*. The 



' Orammar *chool, founded hi 1520 by th* then abbot of Burton, 



ha* an income from endowment of nearly 400t a year, and in 1852 



1 scholar*, of whom 66 wen free. Considerable estate*, be- 



tor charitable and other purposes for the benefit of the 



<eeted in troetee*. Then is a Having* bank. Of the two 



f*"* 1 et**eta in Burton, one run* parallel to the river, the other 



it right angle*. In the market-place i* the town hull. 



"f***/ * Thursday; then an four annual fair*, one of 



(in October) continue* for five day*. According to Leland, 



Bejrtoej WM in hi. time noted for ita alabuter work*. In more recent 



Uawe it IAS become mon exteneively known by the ale which bean 



" * town. The Grand Trunk Canal, which i* called also 

 Trent aad Meney Canal, pee*** Rurton, and communicate* with 

 nut about a mil* b*low th* town. The Trent, which fall* into 

 ejfamber, U navurabl* for barge* up to Bnrton-upon-Trent The 

 railway, and the North Staffordshire and Leice.tcr and 



11th century by i 

 by amnl king*. 

 at Barton to coi 



.::-: I .:'. : 



BURTSCHEin. [AIX-LA-CIIAPELLE.] 



BURY, Lancashire, a manufacturing town, parliamentary borough, 

 and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, iu the parish of Bury and 

 hundreds of Blackburn and Snlfonl, ii situated on the banlu of tho 

 Irwell, in 53 36' N. lat, 2 19' W. long. ; 9 miles N. by W. from 

 Manchester; 48 mile* S.S.E. from Lancaster; I'.T, mik'i N.\ \V. 



from London by road, and 198 miles by the North-Western railway 

 via Trent Valley. The population of the parliamentary borough in 

 1851 waa 31,262; that of the entire parish was 70,143; in 1801 it 

 was 22,300. Bury returns one member to the Imperial Parliament 

 U is governed by the county magistrates and a board of com- 

 missioners. The living is a rectory in the archdeaconry and diocese 

 of Manchester. Bury Poor-Law Union contains 12 parishes and 

 townships, with an area of 33,203 acres, and a population in 1851 

 of 88,797. 



The town of Bury, though it stands on rising ground, appears as if 

 it occupied a low position in consequence of being placed among hills 

 which surround it on the north and east The river Irwell, which 

 first takes this name at Bury, flows through tho west end of the 

 town, and U joined by the Roche about two miles to the south. In 

 ancient times, one of the 12 baronial castles of tbo county stood 

 close to this town, not far from the parish church, on the banks of 

 what was then the course of tho Irwell ; but the river now takes a 

 more north-westerly course, and lenvea a fertile tract of land in the 

 valley between its present and its ancient bed. The castle waa 

 destroyed by the parliamentary forces in 1W44. Fragments of stone 

 are occasionally dug out of its ancient foundations. The place where 

 it stood is still called Castle Croft, from which may bo seen Castle 

 Steads, in tho adjoining township of Walmersley, whore tho besiegers 

 threw up an intrcnchment which enabled them to bntter down the 

 walls of the castle. Tho manor of Bury was in the reign of Henry II. 

 in the possession of John de Lacy. It passed to the families of tho 

 De Burys and Pilkingtons. The town of Bury has been very much 

 enlarged and improved within the last few years. It ia well lighted 

 with gas and supplied with water. New sewers have been constructed. 

 Many of the streets have been paved by the commissioners ; and a 

 series of improvements is being carried out under the powers con- 

 ferred by an Improvement Act obtained in 1846. 



The parish church is dedicated to St Mary; in 177<i it wan ivlmilt, 

 all but tho steeple, which was not rebuilt till 1844. St. John's 

 chapel, in Stanley Street, erected in 1770, is a neat building. There 

 is another church just erected, dedicated to St. lV.il. The ol 

 tho Dissenting chapels in Bury is the Presbyterian chapel in Silver 

 Street, belonging to the Unitarians. There are places i.f w 

 for Wesleyan, Primitive, Association, and New Conn odists; 



three for Independents; a new Unitarian chapel; and a Roman 

 Catholic chapel of some elegance, built in 1840. 



The Free Grammar school, founded in 1726 by tho Rev. Roger Kay, 

 has an income from endowment of about 4301. a year, and had 70 . 

 scholars in 1852. A Charity school for 80 boys and 30 girls, founded 

 in 1748, has been converted into a National school. Two other 

 schools, the Bell school and the Irwell school, ore connected with the 

 Established Church. There aro also schools connected with the 

 Dissenting chapels, and Infant schools ; a public subscription library, 

 a news-room, a mechanics library, a medical library, and a billiard- 

 room. An athenceum has been recently opened in very encouraging 

 circumstance*. 



Bury has a moderately large subscription library, established 

 upwards of 80 years ago. Then; is a dispensary in the town. A new 

 market-place wo* erected in 1840 by tho Karl of Derby. There is a 

 savings bank. A county court is held at Bury. 



The manufacture of woollen cloth became a staple article of trade 

 in this place in the 14th century, and flourished to such an extent 

 that iu the reign of Elizabeth one of her aulnagers was stationed in 

 the town to stamp the cloth. On the introduction of the cotton-trade 

 into the county many of the inhabitants of Bury became weavers of 

 cotton fabric*, and the woollen trade has been gradually.rctiring into 

 Yorkshire and other part* of the country where the cotton manufacture 

 i* less paramount The different branches of the cotton manufacture 

 are carried on to a considerable extent Several important improve- 

 ment* in the cotton manufactory took their rise in this place. A 

 new method of throwing the shuttle by means of the picking-peg 

 instead of the hand, and thence called the fly-shuttle, was invented by 

 .lolin Kay, a native of the town : nnd in 1760 his son, Robert Kay, 

 invented the drop-box, by mean* of which the weaver can at will use 

 any one of three shuttle* an invention which led to the introduction 

 of various colour* into the some fabric, and made it almost as easy to 

 produce a fabric consulting of different colours as a common cloth of 

 only one. Bury is indebted for one branch of it* present trade to the 

 father of the late Sir Robert Peel, who established bis extensive print 

 works on the banks of the Irwell, m-ar this town. Ho resi<l 

 Chamber Hall, in the immediate vicinity, where, or at a smaller house 

 close by it, the late Sir Robert Peel was born. 



There are in Hury more than a dozen large factories for spinning 

 and manufacturing cotton, several large woollen manufactories, calico- 

 priming and bleaching establishment*, dye-works, three large foundries, 



