CALABRIA. 



CAI.AIIUIA 



136 



for it. hot 



a few mil** west from 

 UM and it* win* : popu 



. 



. 



gave 



- , 



Masfaoon th. *oth. /U**U*> 

 rnrHo*J 3200. Jf**X forth* 

 fniliri if 1>n l**n*j|n. which i* UM 



.-: 



, . . 



ap 



U> UH> Oulf of Sanf Eufrmi*, which 

 an th north to Cap* Zunbron* near 

 in th. plain th of Niowtro: 

 i* tuud b*tw**n two 

 ~ - "-' *"- into th 

 2800. ttr John Stuart, at the 

 U rnoeh und*r Oman* Ragaier in 



road to 

 It I.* 



UM pWa of Maid* in 1804. MurUrmto, not far from th* Savuto in 

 UM north of UM province, i* an piwopal town with 2000 inhabitant*, 

 .capital of the wuth-westem district, isrituated on the 

 io7& miles & from Nicastro, and ha* 7200 inhabitants. 



; . - ' : 



by UM feudal o**tl* which WM erected by 

 II., and overlook. UM town. Betwera UM town and the 

 as i* the village of Sam Pittrt di Kruno, which marks the site of 

 the UMMM Hipponium. a colony of th* Locri Epuwphvrii, which 

 /Wianb b*cam* a Roman colony under the name of Vibona. 

 Cicero reaided h*n previou* to hi* exile from Italy. In the neigh- 

 bovrbood WM a celebrated grore and temple of l > ro*en>inc. Six miles 

 & front Monteleooe i* .V./rfo, a small episcopal city with about 

 1500 inhabitant*. It WM originally built by the Normans, and WM a 

 eonadenbl* and well-built town till 1788, when it WM totally 

 d by an earthquake. The abbey of the Holy Trinity WM 

 I by Count Roger of Sicily, who embellished it with marble 

 i from the temple of Proserpine mentioned above. The count 

 I hi* wife were buried in the abbey church ; the sarcophagi con- 

 __ their remains an now in the museum of Naples. A few 

 *ea*t of Mileto an numerous village* with Greek names, and 

 bjMliil by UM deaeeodanU of Albanian and Greek colonist*. In the 

 same direction and in a valley among the Apennines are the ruins of 

 UM monastery of San Stefano del Boaco, in which St. Bruno first 

 tablhhirt his order of monk*. Kuottra, near the coast of the Oulf 

 of Oioj* and a little north of the mouth of the Mesima, give* with 

 Tropea UU* to bishop. It i* a thriving place with 3800 inhabitants, 

 built on the slope of a hill about a mile from the sea. It WM destroyed 

 in 1783 by the earthquake, and the present town hM been erected 

 inoe then. Nicotera i* famous in the province for the beauty of its 

 women. /I PixK, mile* N.N.E. from Monteleone, a port on the 

 bore of UM Oulf of Sanf Eufemia, hM about 6700 inhabitants, who 

 are engaged in the fisheries and the coasting trade. Joachim Murat 

 .landed at II Piuo in 1815, in hi* vain endeavour to recover the throne 

 of UM Two Sicilies. The people of the town took him prisoner and 

 lodged him in the castle of Pizxo, in an apartment of which he WM 

 hot on the 13th of October. Hi* body lies in the vault of the church 

 of n Pino. Soriano, 8 mile* E. by 8. from Monteleone, is situated 

 among rugged mountains near the course of the Mortaro, a feeder of 

 UM Menima, and hM about 3000 inhabitants. Tropea, an episcopal 

 town situated on a deep well-*heltered bay 8 mile* S.W. from Monte- 

 won*, midway between Capes Zambrone and Vaticano, has 4800 

 inhabitant*. The city is built upon cliff's, which rise behind the beach 

 that lines the shore, and present* a beautiful appearance from the sea 

 with it* lofty churches and conventual buildings. Behind the city 

 lower slopes are richly cultivated and well-wooded, and behind these 

 rises a line of higher hills. Tropea is famous for its mild and healthy 

 climate; the vicinity produce* abundantly wine, fruit*, cotton, silk, 

 aromatic plant*, and flower* of all kinds. The town is surrounded by 

 wall* flanked with towers and pierced by three gate* with draw- 

 bridge*. Th* cathedral, six churches, one of which is built on a 

 cavernous conical rock in front of the city, the diocesan seminary, an 

 hospital, and a poor-house are tho most noteworthy objects in tho 

 town. Steamboat* from Naples to Messina and Malta touch at 



i Ultra /., the most southern province of Italy, include* all 

 UM rart of th* peninsula south of the Mesima and the Callipari. It 

 ban an area of 1251 square miles, with a population of 319,662 in 

 1851. It is very rich in iron ore, which is found in the mountain! 

 between tb. Alaro and th* Callipari, and also at the southern end of 

 UM Aspromonto rang*, not far from Reggio; but the Aspromonte 

 mines an not now worked. Raw silk, cotton, oil, fruit* of all descrip- 

 tion*, uquorio*, manufactured silk, soap, perfumery, amentia! oils, 

 wine, brandy, orange and lemon and citron quicks, Ac., are the most 

 important product*. Th* province i* divided into three district* 

 ' , Onto*, and Palmi and into 104 commune*. 



J of th* dUtrict of R*ggio and of the whole pro- 

 i Kbegiam, Hid U described in a separate article. 

 [BmoiCM.1 It may be enough lure to *av that for salubrity of 

 nllmsti and beauty of mo**? this city i* hardly surp***ed in Europe. 

 Tb* plain round it i* for miles covered with plantation* of the 

 orang*, letnoa, and citron : the American aloe and eaetn* grow 

 luxuriantly along UM road-eide* : UM castor-oil plant and the date 

 palm <!"iiri*h ; an I the fruita and flower* of both bemUphere* and of 

 temperate and tropical oouBtri** an ben produced. Tb* city hM 

 xtendve silk manufactaTM, and produce* 70,000 Iba. of eawntial oil 



' 



18 ducat* a pound ; it hu beside* an important general 

 Th* Bay of Reggio i* remarkable for the singular phe- 

 called the Fata Morgana. The distance aero* the rtrait 

 from Reggio to Moaiiua i* not quite 74 mile*. 



Among UM other town* of the district we notice the following : 

 Hora, situated on a hill at tho southern base of the AspruinonU) and 

 not far from Cape Bpartirento, the ancient Herculia Promontorium, 

 and the mo*t southern point of Italy, i* an episcopal city with 8000 

 inhabitant*. Bova is said to have been founded by one of the 

 numerous Albanian colonies that settled in Calabria after the death 

 of Scanderbeg. It WM destroyed by the earthquake of 1 788, and hM 

 been since rebuilt. Kcylla or SciUa, built on the sloping sides of a 

 rock which connect the mainland with the famous rock or promontory 

 of ScyUa at the northern entrance of t'.ie Faro or Strait of Messina, 

 hM important silk factories, and a population of about 6000, many > 

 whom are skilful mariners and intrepid divers. The wine of 

 is of good quality; and the town derives some profit from th. 

 mushroom-stone found in the neighbourhood. The fishery of the 

 tunny and the sword-fish is actively plied during the aeasou. The 

 town U built in zigzag terraces rising one above another from (lie 

 Handy bays which lie on each side of the promontory. The street* 

 are consequently steep ; there are many fine buildings and handsome 

 fountains in the town, which has been rebuilt since 1 783, when it WM 

 almost entirely destroyed by the earthquake. The CMtle of Scylla b 

 built on the edge of the cliff at tho extremity of the promontory, and 

 i* considered an important military post. The British held it for 

 some time during the lost French war, but were forced to evacuate it 

 in 1808 by the French. The Rock of ScylU, whose terrors t 

 ancient mariners are immortalised by the post*, inspires no i 

 modern seamen ; even the whirlpool of Charybdis opposite to Scylla 

 U now represented by mere currents, which produce some rotation 

 in the water, not of a dangerous character, 1 mt at times strong enough 

 to turn a ship quite round. A whirlpool below the port of Messina, 

 called Oalofaro, answers the description of Cbarybdis given by the 

 ancient poet* ; but its distance from ScyUa prevent* us from pronounc- 

 ing it to be the same. The distance from the castle of Scylla to the 

 Faro Point on the Sicilian coast is 6047 yards, or nearly 34 miles. A 

 beautiful road runs close along the shore from Scylla to Reggio, com- 

 manding splendid views of the strait and the broken shores of 8 

 It is iii versified by villages and neat country houses ; the shore is almost 

 lined with the cottages of fishermen, and inland the country glows 

 with the foliage of the orange, the pomegranate, the palm, the aloe, 

 and the chestnut. A few miles south from Scylla is 1V/ 

 Hiuranni, a small but thriving town of 3000 inhabitants, delightfully 

 situated on the shore of the Faro and much frequented on account of 

 it* salubrious climate. It is the nearest point of embarkation for 

 Messina. The town has large silk factories. 



The district of Qeroce is named from its chief town Gcrace, a town 

 of about 4800 inhabitants, situated on a hill between the ApemiinrK 

 and the Ionian Sea, at a distance of 30 miles N.E. from Reggio. The 

 town is supposed to have been built from the ruins of Locri. It was 

 greatly injured by the earthquake of 1783, when its gothic cathedral 

 and strong citadel were reduced to ruins. It gives title ton 

 and contains several silk manufactories and some good building*. Its 

 wines are in high repute ; in the neighbourhood are scv. 

 springs. In the plain between Oerace and the sea are anrirnt min - 

 supposed to mark the site of Locri Epizepliyrii, founded by the Locri 

 Ozoltc, B.C. 760, immortalised by Pindar, and celebrated for the code 

 of Zaleucus, the earliest collection of written laws possessed by the 

 Greeks. Coin* of Locri have been found on the spot. The city 

 derived its surname from it* position near the Zephyrium Promonto- 

 rium, now Cape Bruzzano. A cross road leads over the Apennines 

 from Oerace to Qioja on the western coast. The scenery of the pass 

 combines the richest forest scenery with the wild and rocky glens of 

 the mountains. The highest part of the pas* commands wide and 

 splendid prospect*, embracing both seas, and extending in fine wea- 

 ther westward as for M the Lipari Islands. Ccuttlrctcre, on the right 

 bank of the Alaro north of Oerace, hu a population of above 6000. 

 The Alaro is the ancient Sogras, on the banks of which 130,000 Croto- 

 niats were defeated by 10,000 Locrians, B.C. 360. Among the other 

 towns of the district along the coast are Giojota, population 7600 ; 

 Orotieria, 4600; .Vammola, 7300; Lo Slilo, celebrated for it* iron 

 in n -. ~ '" . / . : . 



Palmi or J'almr. the capital of the third district of Calabria 

 Ultra I., 1* beautifully situated on a steep cliff that rises front the 

 Gulf of Qioja, above a narrow creek which shelters the fishing-craft 

 of it* inhabitant*. In construction and in situation this is one of the 

 most beautiful towns along this remarkable coa*t. The platform on 

 which it stands is covered with gardens and plantations uf orange* 

 anil olive*, and the higher hill* in the background are clothed with 

 forest* of otraitant-tree*. The street*, wide, straight, and well built, 

 ii.iit on a central square decorated by a fine fountain representing a 

 palm-tree; and from various point* of the town are << a !: ntntnce 

 to tli.' Faro, the town and harbour of Meftsina, the rock and castle of 

 Scylla, and the summit <>f .Etna to the south ; 1 1. .it of 



Sicily and the Lipari Islands to the west; and the - Gulf 



of Uioi* M far M Cape Vaticano to the north. Tl ntains 



several house* of fine architecture, three churches, one of wli 



