CAV 



CAMBRIDiiK INIVCItSITY OK. 



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and burnt the town, and the king (Henry III.) came 

 wfckanarBy to the relief of the inhabitant*. In 1881 in oonnequraoe 





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 , ,. :.-;.:. 



Queen Victoria and Prince Albert 



Cambridge in Ootober, IMS, and again iu July, 1847, on 

 of the in 



of the I r 







II. deprived the liugseiai of their charter, and bestowed the privi 

 lefee with which they bed been invested upon the University. The 

 is^rtet was howerer leaemul to the corporation in the following 

 yeer, the privilege* formerly enjoyed bains; to some extent taken 

 away. The mayor is required upon entering into office to take an 

 oath to maintain the privilege*, liberties, and custom* of the Univer- 

 sity. Confirmations of the charter bare been granted to the 

 corporation by suceesaire sovereigns on numerous occasion, from 

 Henry IV.'. time downward*. 

 rtaHiil Ca 



Installatioa of Prince Albert as Chancellor of the 

 University. 



Upon the first symptoms of an approaching war between King 

 Cbarke L end his Parliament, the University of Cambridge demon- 

 strated its loyalty ; but in 1648 Cromwell, who had twice represented 

 the borough, took possession of the town for the Parliament, and 

 put in it a garrison of 1000 men. 



Of the pariah churches the moat remarkable is that of St Sepulchre, 

 usually called from Ha form the Round church. It was built in 

 imitation of the church of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem, and was 

 in 1101. The building was restored in 1843 with the 

 t possible care and at considerable cost Great St Mary's U 

 University church; it stands in Trumpington Street, near the 

 of the town. It is a spacious and externally a rather hand- 

 > edifice in the perpendicular style. The first stone of the church 

 i laid in May, 1478, and the body of the church was finished in 

 1519; the tower was not completed till 1608. The church consists 

 of a nave, two aide aisles with a chapel at the end of each, a chancel, 

 and a tower at the west end in which is a peal of ten bell*. Service 

 is performed in this church on Sundays in the morning for the 

 parishioners ; and a sermon is preached in the afternoon to members 

 of the University, and on holidays by graduates appointed by the 

 University. In this parochial church the University has certain seats 

 by faculty. The gallery, added to accommodate the members of the 

 University, i* no addition to the architectural beauty of the interior. 

 Great St Mary's church is so called to distinguish it from another 

 called St Mary the Less, near St Peter** College. St Benedict's or 

 Beast's may be noticed for its tower, one of the few remaining 

 examples of Anglo-Saxon church architecture. St BotolpU's, St 

 Michael's, Trinity, and Little St Mary's churches are among those 

 most worthy of notice for their architectural merits. St Michael's 

 church was a short time back greatly injured by fire ; it has since 

 been restored and improved. Moat of the churches contain monu- 

 ment* of interest 



There were formerly as many as 77 ancient edifices in the town, 

 *"*!*''' of guilds, priories, convents, hostels, Ac. Among the 

 religions foundations not connected in their origin with the Univer- 

 sity were the house of Austin Canons, founded in 1092, originally 

 placed in or near the church of St Giles ; the Benedictine nunnery of 

 8t Rhadernnd, now forming a part of Jesus College, founded in 1 130 ; 

 the Gray Friars or Franciscans, founded soon after 1224 ; the Bethle- 

 mite Friars in 1257; the Friars de Sacoo, 1258; the Dominican, or 

 Black Friars, founded before 1275 ; the house of Brethren of St 

 Mary, in the parish of All Saints, 3 Edward I. ; the Austin Friars, 

 founded in or near the Fish-market, called Ease Hill, about 1290; the 

 White Friars, brought from Newenham in 1291 ; the Gilbertine 

 Canons, established about the same time ; the Hermitage of St Anne 

 and Hospital of Lepers, founded by Henry Tangmer before 1897; 

 and the ancient Hospital of St Mary Magdalene for Lepers at 



H ;:- r . 



There are in Cambridge places of worship for Baptists, Inde- 

 pendents, and Wesleyau and Primitive Methodists. The Free 

 Grammar school, founded by Stephen Perse, D.M., Senior i 

 of Cain* College, in 1615 for 100 scholars, is open to natives of Cam- 

 bridge, Barnwell, Chesterton, and Trumpiugton. The system of 

 tuition has recently been considerably improved and extended, and 

 the school building, hare undergone extensive repairs. Scholars 

 who hare been educated at the school for three years have a prefer- 

 ence to the Perse Fellowships and Scholarships at Caius College. 

 The eehool ha* an income of 450/. a year, with houses for the master 

 and iishrr rent free : the number of scholars in 1861 was 100. There 

 are National school*, with which have been united Whiston's Charity 

 school, founded in 1708. Several new school* hare been erected 

 the last few yean. An Industrial school has lately been 

 bed. Addenbrooke's Hospital, opened in 1766, is so called 

 from Ha founder, John Addenbrooke, M.D., Fellow of St. Catherine's 

 Hall : the number of patients annually amount* to about in 

 1818 a Request of 700W. in too three per cent consolidated annuities 

 was made to the institution by Mr. John Bowtell, a bookbinder and 

 etsrtJansr in Cambridge, for enlarging the building and extending its 

 beoeftta. Crane'. Charity, foundedin 1 (WO, i* for the relief of scholar, 

 of the UeirersHy in the time of sickness; for affording temporary 

 loan* without internet to young men to set them up in trade ; for 



" r of persons confined for debt, and of poor men and women of 



good character. Nine seta of almahousea provide in all for 64 poor 

 person*. The Victoria Frien.Uy Societies' Asylum, established in 

 1837, provides a retreat for the infirm members of friendly societies. 

 The buildings are adapted to accommodate 18 families. A mechanics 

 institute, and a literary institution called the Pbilo- Union have each a 

 new*-rooui and a small library. 



The town of Cambridge U situated on level ground ; the greater 

 portion of the town being on the right side of the river. The leading 

 street crosses the river by a neat cast-iron bridge of one arch, erected iu 

 1823 by subscription. The market-place, which has been considerably 

 enlarged and improved within the lait three years, i* situated nearly in 

 the centre of the town ; it i* now probably one of the finest market- 

 place* in England. At the south end of the market-place is the Guild- 

 hall. The front part of this structure was built in 1747 at the cost of the 

 county. The other portion of the building was renewed in 1782. Itcou- 

 tain* a Urge court-room, with other rooms for committee meeting* and 

 for the transaction of public business. Close to the iron railings of the 

 market-place and opposite to the guildhall stands the conduit, erected 

 chiefiy from the bequest made by Thomas Hobaon, the Cambridge 

 carrier, whom Milton has immortalised in a well-known- epitaph. 

 The conduit was erected in 1614, and ever since that time baa 

 vupplied the inhabitants of Cambridge with a tolerably ample supply 

 of wholesome water. The sewerage of the town has been lately much 

 improved. The town i* lighted with gas. The numerous public walk* 

 connected with the grounds of the colleges are of very great benefit 

 to the town, and a plot of ground nearly 20 acres in extent, denomi- 

 nated Parker's Piece, has been appropriated for the recreation of the 

 inhabitants. At the north-western extremity of the town stands the 

 county court house, a rather elegant structure of recent erection. 

 Near this building is the new county jail The castle was suffered to 

 go to decay as early as the reign of Henry IV. The gate-house, the 

 last important relic of the ancient edifice, wag pulled down a few 

 yean back to make way for the new county court 



The University buildings and the colleges will be noticed under 

 CAMBRIIX;E UNIVERSITY. 



From Castle Hill an interesting view of the town and colleges and 

 of the surrounding country is obtained. Ely cathedral may be 

 discerned from it by the naked eye. Quarter sessions for the county 

 and town and the assizes for the county are held in Cambridge. A 

 county court is also held here. The town possesses a savings bank. 



A fair was held at Cambridge from very ancient times in Rogation 

 week. It was recognised and confirmed in a charter of the i 

 King John. Another at the festival of the Assumption of the Virgin 

 Mary was granted by King Henry VI. to the nuns of St Rhadegund 

 in 1438. Iu the parish of Little St Andrew, or Barnwell, are held 

 the Midsummer fair and Stourbridge or Sturbridge fair, which are 

 annually proclaimed by the principal officers of the University with 

 much solemnity ; the former was held for a fortnight on a common 

 called Midsummer Green ; Stourbridge fair, supposed to be of great 

 antiquity, is proclaimed on the 18th of September, and used to' 

 continue for three weeks. The duration of both fair* has been con- 

 siderably shortened. The chartered market-days are Wednesday and 

 Saturday, but there is a market every day in the week except Monday 

 for vegetable*, poultry, egg*, and butter. Abundant supplies of pro- 

 visions are furnished for the market, but the r< l.rmp 

 great in consequence of the number of resident* connected with the 

 University the prices are comparatively high. Cora, brawn, and Stilton 

 cheese are considerable articles of trade. By means of locks the Cam 

 is navigable up to Cambridge, and by it the town is supplied with 

 coals, &.C., through Lynn, where the Ouse enters the sea. 



(Gough'g edit, of Camdeu's .WnVamii'a; LysoDS, Mat/na Britannia; 

 Iligram, Memorial* of Cambridge.) 



CAMBRIDGE, 1\1\ I.KSlTY OF. The first establishment of 

 this University is involved ill much obscurity. It seem* probable 

 that Cambridge first became a seat of learning in the 7th century, 

 when, as Bede ('Hist Etc.' lib. iii. c. 18) informs us, Sigebert, 

 king of the East Angles, with the advice of Felix the 1:. 

 instituted within his kingdom a school for learning, in imitation of 

 what he had seen in France : this school i* presumed to have been 

 fixed at Cambridge. It is certain that from a very early time Cam- 

 bridge was the residence of numerous students, who at first lived in 

 apartments hired of the townsmen, and afterwards in inns or hostels, 

 where they formed a community under a principal at their own 

 charge. Some say that Edward the Elder, when he repaired the 

 ravages of the Danes at Cambridge, erected halls for students and 

 appointed professors ; others maintain that a regular system of 

 academical education was not introduced till the year 1109, when the 

 Abbot of Croyland having sent some learned monks well versed in 

 philosophy and other sciences to hi* manor of Cottonhnm, they 

 repaired to the neighbouring town of Cambridge, whither a great 

 number of scholan flocked to their lectures, which they arranged 

 after the manner of the University of Orleans. Recent inquiries 

 have shown that there was a resemblance between the earliest known 

 eat. of the Universities of Cambridge and Orleans ; and 



there appears to be reason to believe that there was some connection 

 betneeii them. There is no reference in the Domesday Survey to 

 any university or important school of learning at Cambridge at the 

 Conquest The first charter known to hare been granted to Cam- 



