CAMPLI. 



CANADA. 



whiah b 



called the Bay of Campeachv, but more 

 pnauly Ik* Bay of Vera Cnu. Tb mailer and open bay, 

 th* osartr* at which th. town b built, i* pn.perly the Bay of 

 ohy. The town contain, shoot 15.000 inhabitant*, though 

 n 10.000, probably including th. .uburbt The 

 of stone, generally of one rtory only, and 

 ogh th* window* are without Am, extending 

 have a plantar effect The (treet* are 



* th* city, and there are several good public 



tmildinc*, ineiadinc rix church**, six eon vonta, a hand*>rae theatre used 

 ahc*e**ionally for a ball room, and* college. There is a museum coo- 

 taininf a tn* eoUection of shdls, other object* of natural history, and 

 noBMtou. Yucatan antiquities, which was founded by two monks, 

 th* brother* Oonaoho. Th*r* b al*o an Alameda, or public walk, 

 planted with donbl. row* of orange-tree* and furnished with seats. 

 The town i* fortified, but the fortifications were much damaged in 

 1641.2, when it wa b**i*g*d unsuccessfully by the Mexican* on the 

 revolt of Yucatan ; they have bower been completely repaired, and 

 th* bastion* ar* mounted with heavy ordnance and mortars. There 

 art (one hiyili- old caverns under the town. The harbour is formed 

 by a jt*y or mole. The exportations consist of logwood, or Cam- 

 poachy-wood, cotton, and wax. The wood i* cut in several places, 

 especially on the bank* of the Rio Champoton, south of the town ; 

 and th* wax U got from the wild been without stings, which are 

 common in th country to th* east The country around is very 

 pjoturesque, well wooded, and the climate is healthy and agreeable. 

 Thar* are many quinta* or villas in the neighbourhood of the to wn, but 

 th* hovel* of the poor native Indians are anything but agreeable objects. 

 CAMPLL [AuBt-zzo.] 

 CAMPO BASSO. (SAXXIO.] 



CAMPO FORMIO, a village 4 miles S.W. from Udiue, in the 

 Venetian province of Friuli, on the high road to Treviso and Venice. 

 It i* celebrated for the treaty of peace concluded here, 17th October 

 1 797 between General Bonaparte, in the name of the French republic, 

 and Count Cobentwl and General Meerfeld, the Austrian plenipoten- 

 tiaries. By that treaty the emperor of Austria resigned Lombardy 

 and Flanders, and received the Venetian States as a compensation. 

 During the negotiations Bonaparte's head-quarters were at Passeriano, 

 a few mile* from Campo Formio, near the banks of the Tagliamento. 

 CAMPSIE. rSriRLnioBHiRE.] 



CAMPSIE HILLS, in Scotland, extend between the lower course* 

 of the rivers Forth and Clyde, in a general direction from E.N.E. 

 to 8.S.W. They occupy the middle portion of the county of Stirling 

 and the south-east part of that of Dumbarton. More than one-third 

 of Stirlingshire is covered with the Campsie Hills and the valleys 

 bfl"ngiffg to them, but only a small part of Dumbartonshire. The 

 Canipsi. Hills are nit connected with any mountain range of Scot- 

 land. To the south of them extends the plain, through the north 

 portion of which the Forth and Clyde Canal runs; and at their 

 wwtern extremity they are separated from the hills of Renfrewshire, 

 which terminate east of Port Glasgow, by the wide and deep bed of 

 th* Clyde. They are separated from the mountains skirting the 

 banks of Loch Lomond on the west by the valley of the Leven. The 

 mountains south-east of Ben Lomond are also detached from them. 

 From Buchanan, near Loch Lomond, a plain wit'i an avenge width 

 of four or five miles extends to the banks of the Forth at Kippen. 

 This plain in its highest parts is hardly more than 200 feet above 

 th* *ea. Farther east the valley of the Forth divides the Campsie 

 Hills from the high summits in Perthshire and the southern extremity 

 of the Ochill Hills. The rock on which the castle of Dumbarton 

 stands, close to the Clyde, is the south-western extremity of the 

 range ; the rock of Stirling Castle is its north-eastern extremity. At 

 nearly an equal distance from both these rocks are the Campsie Fella, 

 th* highest portion of the system, which rise to more than 1500 feet 

 above the sea. In these hills the sources of the Carron, the Endrick, 

 and the Qlaiert are interlocked. From this point the Campsie Fells 

 off west and east, and continue about 12 miles in each 

 nding on the west near Killearn. On the east the range 

 liifMsi into two ridges, which inclose the valley of the Carron, till both 

 **miinti> somewhat more than a mile above Denny. The southern 

 ridn i* the higher, and rice* hi some points to 1350 feet ; the northern, 

 which is much lower, separate* the valley of the Carron from the 

 bills about th* source* of the Bannookburu. From the point where 

 th* source, of the Kndrick and Carron are interlocked, a ridge 

 branch** off in a north-easterly direction, and continues to the bank* 

 of the Forth, at Touch, a distance of about 10 miles. At the source 

 of th* Glaxert another ridge of high land called the Kirkpatrick 

 Hill* branches off from the Campsie Hills, which for four or five 

 mi)** ran* south-went, but then declines to the west, in which 

 direction it continue* for about 10 miles, till it terminates about a 

 mile from the banks of the Leven, opposite Bonhill. Those heights 

 occupy a considerable space, sending off to the south and nor h offset 

 which advance southward to th* road leading from Dumbarton to 

 Glasgow, where Chapel Hill and Dulnotter Hill are situated. The 

 rt**p*nt of th* Campsie Hills to the north U everywhere gentle, and 

 ofUn terminate* in moon ; on th* couth their declivity toward* the 

 pUn i* sU*p, and th* stream* arc full of rapids and fall*. Coal b 

 fond in torn* pUoa*. 



CAMPUS MARTIUS. [Rom.] 

 CANAAN. [PiUEsnsEj 



CANADA, divided into Canada East, or Lower Canada, and Canada 

 West, or Upper Canada, U the most important British settlement on 

 the continent of America. It* southern extremity is Point Pelee, or 

 South Fort-land, which extends to the south of 4 (near 



2* 45' W. long.). No boundary having yet been fixed between 

 Canada and the British po*sea.iina to the south and west of Hudson'* 

 Jy, it U impossible to assign its extent towards the north. It is 

 lowever usual to consider all the countries north of the great lakes, 

 which are drained by the river* that fall into the St Lawrence, as 

 >elonging to Canada ; while those drained by the rivers falling into 

 he Atlantic, or Hudson's Bay, are considered a* portions of other 

 livinons of the British possessions. Conformably to this notion, '.In- 

 most northern point of Canada lie* between 52 and 53 N. lat, at 

 some distance north of the Lake of Manioouagan, near 65 W. long, 

 ["he most easterly point is Cape Gaspe* south-west of the Inland of 

 Anticorti. 64* 16' W. long. ; and the most western extremity may be 

 considered to be Goose Lake, in 48 5' N. lat, 90 14' W. long. 



Canada borders on the west, north, and for the most part also on 

 lie east, on other British territories, and in these directions its 

 raundary-line i generally undetermined. The meridian of 87 50' 

 >V. long, and the river Ristigouche divide it from the British colony 

 of New Brunswick. On the south and partly on the east Canada is 

 raunded by the United States of North America. The lina of 

 demarcation in this direction was ill-defined by the treaty of 1783, so 

 .hat the frontiers respectively claimed by the British and the United 

 states government* embraced between them a disputed territory of 

 about 8000 square miles. By the treaty signed at Washington, 

 August 9, 1842, the boundary between British North America and 

 ;he United States was permanently defined on the east, and on the 

 west as far as the Rocky Mountains. The eastern boundary commences 

 at a point called the Monument, at the source of the river St Croix, 

 whence north following a line marked in 1816 and 1817 to its inter- 

 section with the river of St John and to the middle of the channel 

 of the river ; thence to the mouth of the river St Francis, along it* 

 channel and the lakes through which it flows, to the outlet : 

 Pohenagamook ; thence south-westerly in n straight line to a j> 

 the north-west branch of the river St John which point is to be 

 10 miles distant from the main branch of the St John, but if the 

 said point is found to be leas than 7 miles from the nearest crest of 

 the highlands which divide the rivers flowing into the St Lawrence 

 and the St John, then the said point is to recede down the said 

 north-west branch of the St John to a point 7 miles from the crest 

 thence in a straight line to where the parallel of 46 25' N. lat. 

 intersects the south-west branch of the St John ; thence southerly 

 to its source at Metgarmette Portage and along the highlands which 

 divide the rivers falling into the St. Lawrence from those falling into 

 the Atlantic to Hall's stream, and down the middle of it, until the 

 line intersects the old line of boundary surveyed previously to the 

 year 1774 at the 45th degree of N. lat, and thence west along that 

 parallel to the St. Lawrence, or as it U here called the Cataraqui. 

 From this point the line is drawn along the course of the river, and 

 through the lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron, and Superior, and the 

 passages which unite these lakes to one another. By the treaty of 

 1842 the western boundary is altered at the entrance to Lake Superior 

 go as to transfer to the United States the Island of St George, or 

 Sugar Island. The line is then carried through Lake Superior north 

 of Isle Roy ale, along Pigeon River and Lake* Saisaginego, Cypress, 

 Bois Blanc, La Croix, Little Vermillion, Namecan, and La Pluie to 

 Chaudiere Falls, thence to the north-western point of the Lake of the 

 Wood* (49 22' 55" N. lat, and 95 14' 88" W. long.), thence due 

 south to it* intersection with the 49th parallel of latitude and along the 

 parallel to the Rocky Mountains. Previously to the treaty of 1783 the 

 extent of Canada to the west was much more considerable than at pre- 

 sent extending as far south as the source of the Mississippi (47 ION. 

 lat), and from the source of this river west to the Rocky Mountains. 

 The average breadth of Canada from south to north is about 300 

 miles, and the length from Lake Superior to the Ul.ni.l f Anticosti 

 about 1000 mile*. This gives an area of about 300,000 square miles. 

 Another statement gives Upper Canada about 90,000 square i 

 Lower Canada, 205,863 ; and the St Lawrence River with its actuary, 

 52,500 making the total surface 348,363 square miles. Nearly the 

 whole of Canada is situated within the basin of the St. La 

 River, both having one common boundary on the north ; but* on the 

 south the basin of the St Lawrence extends to a considerable distance 

 into the United States of America, running from the western extre- 

 mity of Lake Superior to the most southern point of Lnke Michigan, 

 by a line describing a curve towards the point where both lakes 

 approach nearest each other. From the most southern point of Lake 

 Michigan it runs east-south-east to the sources of the river Mnumee, 

 which empties itself into the western corner of Lake KI-K : r 

 turns east-north-east towards Lake Erie, and runs parallel to it at an 

 average distance of 15 to 25 mile*. So far the elevated land forming 

 the margin of the basin of the river seems to be from 1000 feet to 

 1200 feet above the level of the sea. At the eastern extremity of 

 Lake Erie the range forming the boundarv-line turns due east, and 

 runs parallel to Lake Ontario : but here the distance from the lake 



