881 



CASTILLON. 



CASTLEREAGH. 



is a place of considerable commercial activity, and carries on an exten- 

 sive trade with Cuba, to which it exports flour ground at the large 

 mills in the neighbourhood. Wool is exported to England and other 

 countries. The imports consist chiefly of colonial produce. The 

 town is the seat of a bishop, and has a cathedral, three other churches, 

 three hospitals, a prison, college, theatre, and baths. The population 

 in 1845 was 15,286. Laredo, 17 miles E. from Santander, is a small 

 town with a harbour formerly deep but now choked up with sand : 

 population, 3000. Santillana, 17 miles S.W. from Santander, stands 

 near the coast in a rich valley on the Besaja, a feeder of the Besaya : 

 population, 2000. Santona, 15 miles E. from Santander, is a small 

 fortified town on a peninsular headland in the Bay of Biscay. It has 

 a good harbour, and the town contains an arsenal and barracks, and 

 there are anchor-forges : population, 1000. 



Soria, the capital of the province of Soria, is 75 miles S.E. from 

 Burgos. It stands on the right or western bank of the Duero, about 

 30 miles from its source. It is surrounded by a thick wall, but the 

 citadel, formerly strong, is now in ruins. It has manufactures of silks 

 and a good trade in wool. Much corn is produced in the plains near 

 the town, and numerous sheep are pastured on the slopes of the neigh- 

 bouring hills: population, 3500. Agreda, 30 miles W.N.W. from 

 Soria, stands at the foot of the Moncayo, and is divided into two 

 portions by the Queiles, which is here carried under ground, with 

 the plaza, a fountain, and houses over it : population, 3800. 



Segovia, the capital of the province of Segovia, 100 milea S. by W. 

 from Burgos, stands on a rocky eminence between two deep valleys, 

 one of which is watered by the Eresma, and the other by the Clamores. 

 It in a very ancient city, and was the residence of the early kind's of 

 Castilla. It is a long city with narrow streets, is surrounded by walls, 

 and contains many remarkable buildings, among which is a vast 

 gothic cathedral, which has a tower 330 feet high. The alcazar, 

 formerly the residence of the Moorish governors, is now converted 

 into a military college. A magnificent Roman aqueduct, consisting 

 of two tiers of arches built of square blocks of granite without 

 cement, is in a state of great perfection. Segovia is the seat of a 

 bishop, has a hanusome plaza, a mint, and five churches. There are 

 manufactures of woollen cloths, paper, earthenware, and glass : popu- 

 lation, 7700. San Ildefawo, 8 miles S.E. from Segovia, stands on the 

 northern slope of the Sierra de Quadarrama. It is famous for its 

 manufacture of glass, and still more so for the splendid palace and 

 grounds of La Gratija, which is one of the seats of the Spanish kings, 

 and the highest royal residence in Europe, being 3840 feet above the 

 sea-level. The palace grounds include fine gardens, a richly-decorated 

 church, and beautiful water-works. The palace contains many 

 splendid apartments : population of the 'town 3890. Sepulveda, 35 

 milea N.E. from Segovia, is beautifully situated on the Duraton, an 

 affluent of the Duero. It is an ancient town, now in a decayed state : 

 population, 2000. 



Avila, the capital of the province of Avila, is 50 miles S.W. from 

 Segovia. It was formerly a place of importance, but is now decayed. 

 It has still however a fine old cathedral and a Dominican convent, 

 both of which contain beautiful monuments. The extramural church 

 of San Vicente is curious. It is said to have been built in 313. The 

 town has manufactures of woollen : population, 4000. 



(Mifiano, Diccionario Geografico ; Madoz, IHccionario de Eepana ; 

 Ford, Handbook of Spain ; Macgregor, Statittio.) 



CASTILLON. [GIRONDE.] 



CASTLE CAREY. [SOMERSETSHIRE.] 



CASTLE COMBE. [WILTSHIRE.] 



CASTLE HEDINGHAM. [Essex.] 



CASTLE RISING. [NORFOLK.] 



CASTLE WARD, Northumberland, the south-eastern division of 

 the county, and giving name to a Poor-Law Union. The river Tyne 

 separates the ward and the county from the county of Durham. 

 Castle Ward Poor-Law Union contains 78 parishes and townships, with 

 an area of 85,107 acres, and a population in 1851 of 13,897. 



CA8TLEBAR, county of Mayo, Ireland; a market, post, and 

 asaize-town, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of 

 Aglish and barony of Carra, lies in 53" 51' N. lat., 9 15' W. long., 

 distant 159 miles W.N.W. from Dublin : the population in 1851 was 

 4436, besides 1584 in the workhouse and other public institutions. 

 Castlebar Poor-Law Union comprises 19 electoral divisions, with an 

 area of 151,900 acres, and a population in 1851 of 36,746. 



Castlebar is situated on the C'astlebar or Clydagh River, which, 

 rising in the little lake of Castlebar, within a mile and a half of 

 < 'lew Bay on the west, flows north-east with the Moy, which it meets 

 in Lough Cullin, to Lough Conn, an inland lake in the centre of the 

 barony of Tirawley, and thence runs northward to Killala Bay by 

 Ballina. The river, winding in a serpentine direction through the 

 town, is crossed by three bridges. The principal street, upwards of 

 half a mile in length, occupies the line of road leading from Westport 

 to Swineford. The public buildings are chiefly grouped together 

 round an open space called the Green, near the entrance from West- 

 port. They consist of the county jail, a large building with a castel- 

 lated front, a county court-house for Mayo, the church, with a hand- 

 some embattled tower, the infirmary, and artillery barracks. A 

 crocs street, occupying the line of road from Dublin to Newport, 

 leads by a bridge over the Clydagh to the northern division of the 



town. The old jail and infantry barracks adjoin the entrance from 

 the Dublin road by this street. The suburbs on both sides consist 

 of wretched cabins. 



The town is of comparatively modern origin ; it is stated in the 

 'Report of the Commissioners on Bogs in Ireland' (1814), that 80 

 years before that time there was but one cultivated field of about 

 eight acres between Castlebar and the sea. The castle, which gives 

 its name to the place, was a stronghold of the De Burghs. In the 

 wars of the rebellion of 1641 it was held by Sir Henry Bingham for 

 the Parliament, when, being besieged by Lord Mayo and his son Sir 

 Theobald Burke, on the part of the Irish Catholics, he surrendered 

 on terms of being conveyed with his troops in safety to the next 

 garrison town, but after three days' forbearance the fury of the 

 insurgents could no longer be restrained, and Bingham, with all his 

 company, was barbarously massacred. After the old lord's death his 

 son Sir Theobald, then Lord Mayo, was tried for the offence by a 

 special commission appointed for that purpose, 17th December, 1652, 

 and being found guilty and sentenced to death was shot on the 

 15th January, 1653. Towards the end of the rebellion of 1798, 

 General Humbert, having landed at Killala with a force of not more 

 than 1000 French infantry, reinforced by about an equal number of 

 undisciplined peasants of the country, met at Castlebar and put to 

 rout 6000 British troops commanded by Generals Lake and Hutchin- 

 son. The action has since been generally known as 'the race of 

 Castlebar.' The town fell into the hands of the insurgents, by whom 

 it was occupied for about a fortnight, till the surrender of Humbert 

 at Ballinamuck (8th September 1798) put an end to the expedition. 



Castlebar has some trade in linens, but the vicinity of Westport, 

 which at a distance of eight miles has the advantages of being a 

 sea-port town and the residence of an enterprising proprietor, 

 operates considerably to its disadvantage. The vicinity is picturesque 

 and well cultivated. Castlebar as a parliamentary borough was 

 disfranchised at the Union. It is the county town for Mayo, and 

 suffered extreme impoverishment in consequence of the potato famine 

 of 1846-7. There is a savings bank in the town. 



(Carte, Ormond ; Fraser, Handbook ; Ordnance Surety Map.) 



CASTLEBLAYNEY, county of Monaghan, Ireland, a market and 

 post-town, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Muckno 

 and barony of Cremorne, is situated in 54 7' N. lat., 6 46' W. long. ; 

 distant 62 miles W.N.W. from Dublin byroad, and 73 miles by the 

 Dundalk and Enniskillen railway. The population in 1851 was 2084, 

 besides 757 inmates of the Union workhouse and other public insti- 

 tutions. Castleblayney Poor-Law Unioncomprises21 electoral divisions, 

 with an area of 94,213 acres, and a population in 1851 of 46,511. 



The town is prettily situated adjoining the richly planted and 

 picturesque demesne of Castleblayney, within the grounds of which 

 the pariah church is situated. There are chapels in the town for 

 Presbyterians, Methodists, and Roman Catholics. The town consists 

 of three principal streets radiating from the market-house, and is 

 substantially built, clean, and airy. Quarter sessions for the county 

 of Mouaghan are held here in rotation. There are here a bridewell, 

 and a station of the revenue police. The town is the head-quarters 

 of one of the constabulary districts. The adjoining country is hilly 

 and much encumbered with bogs and lakes. 

 (Fraser, tltmdbook ; Ordnance Survey Map.) 



CASTLECOMER, county of Kilkenny, Ireland, a market-town and 

 the seat of a Poor-Law Union, is situated on the river Dinan, 

 11 miles N. by E. from Kilkenny. The population in 1851 was 1695, 

 and 29 inmates of the fever hospital. Castlecomer Poor Law Union 

 contains seven electoral divisions with an area of 57,820 acres, and 

 a population in 1851 of 18,472. The town is neat and well-built, 

 and is sheltered by extensive plantations, which contrast stronglv 

 with the bleak sterile country to the north of it. The public 

 buildings include an Episcopal church, a Roman Catholic chapel, a 

 small Wesleyan Methodist meeting-house, a court-house, and infantry 

 barracks. Close to the town is Castlecomer House, which stands on 

 the Comer, a feeder of the Dinan, and facing the ruins of an old 

 castle. A weekly market is held on Saturday. 



CASTLEDERG, county of Tyrone, Ireland, a market and post- 

 town anH the seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Skirts and 

 barony of Omagh, is situated in 54 42' N. lat, 7 37' W. long. ; 

 distant 140 miles N.N.W. from Dublin, on the road from Pettigo to 

 Strabane. The population in 1851 was 696 and 225 in the work- 

 house. Castlederg Poor-Law Union comprises 14 electoral divisions, 

 with an area of 91,775 acres, and a population in 1851 of 18.741. 



CASTLEDERMOT. [KILDARE.] 



CASTLEISLAND. [KERRY.] 



CASTLELYONS. [CORK.] 



CASTLEMARTYR. [CORK.] 



CASTLEPOLLARD. [WESTMEATH.] 



CASTLEREAGH, county of Roscommon, Ireland, a market and 

 post-town and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of 

 Kilkeevan and barony of Castlereagh, is situated in 53 46' N. lat., 

 8 27' W. long. ; distant 124 miles W.N.W. from Dublin. The popu- 

 lation in 1851 was 1211, besides 1392 in the workhouse and 10 in the 

 bridewell. Castlereagh Poor-Law Union comprises 19 electoral divi- 

 sions, with an area of 162,363 acres, and a population in 1851 of 45,299. 

 The town is pleasantly situated adjoining'' the extensive demesne of 



