CHIETI. 



CHILI. 



for S4 tmlau**. The number in residence in July 1952 wa* 16. A 

 modal school U attached to the Training college. 



The guildhall, which u appropriated to the transaction of town and 

 county busine**, wa formerly a chapel belonging to an ancient moiuu- 

 tery of Gray friar*. The council lin>hr or town-house contain*, beside* 

 the required busine** room*, a commodiou* and elegant assembly- 

 room. The market-houM U neat and commodiou*. The market- 

 crow, an octagonal building in the centre of the city, wa* erected by 

 Bishop'Story, who held the aee between 1478-1501 It i* of large ate 

 and pleating proportion*, and i* one of the Tery finest and moat elabo- 

 rately ornamented market crooai remaining in England. The infirmary, 

 opened in 1827, U a fine building to the north of the city, lurronnded 

 with ground* for the use of the patient*. It* erection U to be ascribed 

 to the exertion* of Dr. Forbes. A wing wa* recently added for fever 

 wards at the expense of Charles Dixon, Esq., of Stanited Park. St. 

 sfary** hospital U an ancient foundation for the support of old and infirm 

 person* who have been reduced to poverty. Chichestor possesses a 

 literary and scientific institute, with a museum. There is also a savings 

 bank. Quarter sessions and a county court are held in the city. 



Chichester is well built, lighted, watered, and drained ; the prin- 

 cipal streets are wide, and contain many good houses. There is 

 communication with the sea at Chicbester harbour by means of a 

 short canal, which joins the Arundel Canal as it passes to the south 

 of the city. This canal is chiefly used for the conveyance of coals. 

 The number and tonnage of vessels registered as belonging to the port 

 of Chichester on 31st December 1852 were Under 50 tons 27, 

 tonnage 584; above 50 tons 11, tonnage 1222. The entries and 

 clearances at the port during 1862 were as follows : Coasting trade, 

 inwards 294, tonnage 17,594; outwards 151, tonnage 5139: foreign 

 trade, inwards 4, tonnage 210 ; outwards 1, tonnage 47. Chichester 

 possesses no manufacture*. The market held on alternate Wednesdays 

 for cattle, sheep, horses, and pigs, is one of the largest held within 

 the precinct* of any town in England. The weekly market on 

 Saturday is chiefly for corn. Fairs are held on St. George's day, 

 Whit-Monday, St. James's day, Michaelmas day, and October 21st. 

 Large quantities of corn are sent from Chichester to London and 

 the west of England. There arc several extensive malting establish- 

 ments in the city. Tanning and brewing are carried on. 



The see of Chichester was originally founded at Selseo, in the 7th 

 century, and removed to Chichester in 1071. The diocese includes 

 the entire county of Sussex, and comprises 811 benefices : there are 

 two archdeaconries, Chichester and Lewes. The chapter consists of 

 the dean, four canons, the archdeacons, precentor, chancellor, with non- 

 resident and minor canons. The income of the bishop is 4200/. a year. 



(Honfield, S*ucx ; Dallaway, Suitex ; Hay, Chichetttr ; Communi- 

 cation from Chichttter.) 



CHIETI. [Aunczzo.] 



CHIEVELY. [BKRKSHIBB.] 



CHIGWELL. [ESSEX.] 



CHIHUAHUA. [MBXICO.I 



CHILI, or CHILE (Republic of). South America, lies along the 

 shores of the Pacific, between 25' and 42" S. lat ; but the archipelago 

 of Chiloe, which also belongs to it, extends about two degrees farther 

 south. The republic of Chili claims the whole coast to the Strait of 

 Magalhaens, and the islands as far as Cape Horn, together with a 

 portion of Patagonia, as belonging to its territories ; but as no settle- 

 ment* have been formed in these countries, we shall limit our descrip- 

 tion to the tract between 25 and 42 S. lat, which extends from the 

 chain of the Andes, forming its eastern boundary (between 69 and 

 71 W. long.), to the shores of the Pacific Ocean (between 70 

 and 74 W. long.) and the island of Chiloe. 



Chili within the above limits is bounded E. by the Argentine Con- 

 federation, from which it is divided by the Andes ; N. by the desert 

 of AUcama, which belongs to Bolivia ; W. by the Pacific Ocean ; and 

 a it i* separated from the island of Chiloe by the Strait of Chacao, 

 and bounded by the Bay of Ancud. 



Area, Coatt-line, <tc. The republic of Chili extends from north to 

 south about 1175 mile*; its breadth varies between 100 and 200 

 miles ; it* area, including Chiloe, is about 180,000 square miles. The 

 area of the country, a* claimed by the republic, is of course very much 

 larger probably not less than twice as large. According to the last 

 43), the population was 1,080,000. By very recent 

 **""*-*<"' population, including that of the new province of Arauco, 

 amount* to 1,133,802, thus distributed among the several provinces : 



2S.165 

 85849 

 ....... 1,674 



S07.4S4 



Vmlp.rmUo 



71,881 

 U8.J09 



Contention 



ValdlvU 



Araoeo 



CUB* 



10B.4M 

 j(, g 

 14 ooo 



.1 ;>.- 



The coast from it* southern extremity by the island of Chiloe, 

 bean generally north-north-east, and more or less parallel with the 

 Andes, to the northern termination of the republic nt Point Tsltal. 

 The archipelago of Chiloe consists of a number of wild rocky islands 

 and islets, of which only one, Chiloe, i* of any importance ; many of 

 the smaller islands however afford supplies of water and provisions 

 to vessels navigating this coast Chiloe possesses throe or four good 

 harbour* ; San Carlos, the principal, is said by Oaptain Fitzroy to be 

 an excellent harbour, while Castro appear* to be little inferior. Seve- 

 ral dangerous islet* and aandy shoals lie between the northern termi- 

 nation of Chiloe and the broad but (hallow and wild Maullin Inlet, 

 rendering this a place to which it is advisable that seamen should 

 give a wide berth. About Godry Point, at the mouth of the inlet, the 

 shore is low. From this point a bold and rocky coast trends north- 

 north-west for 34 miles to Cape Quedal, a lofty and bold promontory, 

 which, like most of the headlands on this part of the coast of South 

 America, has many detached rock* lying close to it From Cape 

 Quedal to Point Galura the coast bears north-north-east Behind this 

 point rise the Valdivia Hills (1550 feet), their three peaks forming a 

 conspicuous landmark ; they terminate seaward in Point Falsa. Here 

 the shore sweeps round north-east to Gonzale* Head, a bluff wooded 

 cliff, behind which is Port Valdivia, the first harbour which offers 

 north from San Carlos. Port Valdivia is a secure and apparently 

 spacious harbour, but the part which affords sheltered anchorage for 

 large ships is somewhat confined. 



Eight miles from Gonzale* Head is Bonifacio Head, whence the 

 coast bears away north-east to Chancan Cove, the mouth of the river 

 Mehuin ; beyond which it bears northward to Canton Head, being 

 generally low and sandy, with occasional bluff headlands. Off Cape 

 Tirua U Mocha Island, which is about 7 miles long by 3 miles broad ; 

 its surface is hilly, the highest point attaining an elevation of 1250 

 feet, and it appears to be very fertile. The passage between it and 

 the mainland is open, and perfectly free from danger. From Cape 

 Tirua to Tucapel Point, about 40 miles, the coast is wild, unshe'- 

 and very dangerous ; a short distance south of Tucapel Point is Mol- 

 guilla Point, on which her Majesty's ship Challenger was wrecked in 

 1835. Beyond Tucapel Point is Tucapel Head, which, with Millon 

 Point, protects the cove into which the Leiibu River opens, and which 

 affords shelter for small vessels. Camera Bay is merely an open bight, 

 unfit for shipping. Off Arauco Bay lies the low and dangerous island 

 of Santa Maria. The wide bay of Arauco affords one or two sheltered 

 spots, as Luco Bay, where shipping finds tolerably secure anchorage in 

 all seasons, and there is good though exposed anchorage throughout 

 the bay itself. At the northern extremity of Arauco Bay is the river 

 Biobio, which is inaccessible to shipping on account of sandbanks 

 and of the south-west swell The modern town of Conccpcion is a 

 short distance up this river. Old Conccpcion, or Pence, lies at the 

 southern extremity of Concepcion Bay, some miles farther north. 

 This bay is said by Captain Fitzroy to be " the finest port on this 

 coast, being 6 miles long and 4 miles wide, with anchorage ground 

 everywhere, abundant space, and all well sheltered." Farther north 

 is Coluinibo Bay, which affords safe anchorage for coasting vessels, 

 and " has always been the scene of smuggling transactions." Beyond 

 this the coast continues in the same generally north-east direction 

 for 40 miles to Cape Carranza. A few miles farther north is Cape 

 Humas, which marks the mouth of the river Maule, about a mile 

 above which, on the left bank, is the little town of Constitucion, 

 which would perhaps rise into some commercial importance, being 

 near the outlet, and the natural port of a remarkably rich and fertile 

 country, did not a bar at the mouth of the river render it inac- 

 cessible to vessels of any size. Thence the coast continues still nearly 

 north, and occasionally broken by a projecting headland, as Points 

 Topocalma, Toro, &<x, and affording a few sheltered coves, as San 

 Antonio, Quiutay, <tc., to Point Curaumarilla, from which the land 

 bears north-east for seven miles to Los Angeles Point, the southern 

 extremity of Valparaiso Bay, at the southern end of which lies the 

 town of Valparaiso, at the base of hills from 1200 to 1400 feet high. 

 [VALPARAISO.] 



About 300 miles W. from the coast at Valparaiso, lies the island of 

 Juan Fernandez, or Masatierra (' more landward '), as it is called by the 

 Spaniard* : it is about 18 miles long by 6 miles wide. Its northern 

 half is an elevated mass of trap and basalt rocks furrowed with plea- 

 sant valleys, and mostly covered with wood ; the southern half, whirl. 

 is only slightly raised above the sea, is rocky and barren. On its 

 northern shore, and about three miles from iU eastern extremity, is 

 Cumberland Bay, which affords safe anchorage for vessels of any ize. 

 Goats in a wild state are found here ; on the rocky shores are seal* 

 and sea-lions ; fish, especially cod, are plentiful along the coast The 

 island is very subject to earthquake*. In 1848 there were only eight 

 inhabitant* on the island. It was on this island that Alexander Sel- 

 kirk was left and lived alone for more than four years. His adven- 

 tures are commonly though incorrectly said to have supplied De Foe 

 with materials for his ' Robinson Crusoe.' About 92 miles W. from 

 Juan Fernandez is the smaller island of Matafwra (' more seaward '), 

 a mass of precipitous rocks lining to the height of 3000 feet It is 

 generally covered with trees, has no convenient landing-place, and no 

 inhabitants. Both these bland* belong to Chill 



Returning to the coast of Chili and continuing our course north- 



