613 



CLOGHEEX. 



CLONMEL. 



CLOGHEEN, county of Tipperary, Ireland, in the parish of Shan- 

 rahan and barony of West Iffa and Offa, a poat-town and the head of 

 a Poor-Law Union, is situated in 52 17' N. lat., 7 57' W. long., dis- 

 tant 14 miles W.S.W. from Clonrael, 119 miles S.S.W. from Dublin, on 

 the road from Clonmel to Fermoy, nd 18 miles E.N.E. from Fermoy. 

 The population in 1851 was 1562, besides 1322 in the workhouse and 

 other public institutions. Clogheen Poor-Law Union comprises 14 

 electoral divisions, with an area of 118,427 acres, and a population in 

 1851 of 33,952. 



Clogheen is a well-built cheerful town, situated on the southern 

 verge of the great valley included between the parallel ranges of the 

 Galtee Mountains on the north, and the Knockmeiledown Mountains 

 on the_ south. This vale lying at a low elevation and possessing a rich 

 limestone soil, produces abundant crops of wheat, the grinding of 

 which constitutes the principal branch of industry in Clogheen. The 

 Tar, an affluent of the Suir, furnishes an abundant water-power. 

 Here are a bridewell and sessions house, in which quarter sessions are 

 held, a barrack for two troops of horse, a fever hospital, and a 

 dispensary. At Skehcenaiinky, about six miles west by north from 

 Clogheen, are the remarkable caverns in the limestone rock, generally 

 known as the ' Caves of Mitchellstown.' They consist of a series of 

 natural vaults and galleries extending about 800 feet in length by 570 

 feet in breadth, and exhibiting a surprising and beautiful variety of 

 crystalline concretions. The depression of the lowest chamber beneath 

 the level of the entrance is 50 feet. 



(Fraaer, Handbook for Ireland ; Lewis, Topographical Dictionary.) 



CLOGHER, county of Tyrone, Ireland, in the parish and barony 

 of Clogher, an ancient episcopal see and post-town, and the seat of a 

 Poor-Law Unio&, is situated on the road from Enniakillen to Aughna- 

 cloy aud Dungannon, 98 miles N.N.W. from Dublin. The population 

 in 1851 was 558 in the town, exclusive of 442 in the workhouse. 

 Clogher Poor-Law Union comprises 18 electoral divisions, with an 

 area of 101,679 acres, and a population in 1851 of 31,388. 



The town of Clogher is situated on the Launy, a feeder of the 

 Blackwatcr, and consists principally of one straggling street. The 

 cathedral, which also serves as the parish church, is a plain cruciform 

 building ; the bishop's palace stands in a handsome demesne of 500 

 acres, adjoining the town. The diocese embraces the greater part of 

 the county of Fermanagh, and the whole of Monaghan, and extends 

 into portions of Donegal, Tyrone, and Louth. It contains 45 parishes, 

 constituting an equal number of benefices, being the only diocese in 

 Ireland in which these divisions coincide. The chapter consists of 

 dean, precentor, chancellor, archdeacon, and five prebendaries. The 

 see is held, by the Archbishop of Armagh. 



Saint Patrick is said to have been the first bishop of Clogher, where 

 Jocelyn reports that he founded a see before the erection of the church 

 of Armagh in A.D. 444. Maccartin, the disciple of Patrick, built a cell 

 and monastery here before his death in 506. The church was rebuilt 

 in 1041, in 1295, and again, a century later, by bishop Arthur Mac- 

 Camael, the fonrier building having been destroyed by fire, together 

 with the cell of Maccartin, the Monastery of the Virgin, two chapels, 

 and 32 other houses, including the episcopal court. The first Pro- 

 testant advanced to this see was Miles Magragh, in 1570 : he was 

 afterwards Archbishop of Cashel, to which he was translated in the 

 same year in consequence of the impoverished state of Clogher about 

 this time. The see was afterwards greatly enriched by a grant of the 

 revenues of the abbey of Clogher, annexed to this bishopric by King 

 James I. Among the names of the more recent bishops of Clogher 

 are those of Spottiswood, Lesly, Boyle, and Dr. Sterne, the munificent 

 founder of the University Printing-house in Dublin. 



(Ware, Sisitopt ; Btports of Commissioners.) 



CLONAKILTY, or CLOGHNAKILTY, county of Cork, Ireland, 

 in the parish of Kilgariff and barony of East Carberry, a post-town 

 and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, and formerly a parliamentary 

 borough, is situated on a channel about a mile from the harbour of 

 Clonakilty, in 51" 37' N. lat., 8 53' W. long., distant 196 miles S.W. 

 from Dublin. In 1851 the population was 3300. Clonakilty Poor- 

 Law Union includes 20 electoral divisions, with an area of 80,455 acres, 

 and a population in 1851 of 31,473. 



The principal part of the present town has been built since the year 

 1790, about which time a marked improvement took place in trade of 

 all kinds. The erection of quays and extensive stores created an 

 independent market, and made this port the point of export of heavy 

 goods for the surrounding country. About the same time it became 

 the most frequented linen and yam market in that district. The 

 linen trade has since been abandoned. An export of corn to Cork and 

 import of coals are the principal branches of traffic. The public 

 buildings are a church, a Homan Catholic chapel, a barrack, a court- 

 house, a linen-hall now disused, and a county bridewell. 



(ReporU of Committionm ; Statistical Survey of the County of Cork ; 

 Fraser, Handbook for Ireland.) 



I.ONOAI.KIX. [DUBLIN COUXTT.] 



CLONES, county of Monaghan, Ireland, in the parish of Clewes and 



i , of Dttrtry, a post-town and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, is 



situated in 54 7' N. lat., 7 15' W. long., distant 86 miles N.N.W. 



from Dublin, and 12J miles S.W. from Monaghan. The population 



in ljl was 2333, besides 510 in the workhouse and other public 



institutions. Clone* Poor-Law Union comprises 16 electoral 



. VOL. ii. 



divisions, with an area of 73,506 acres, and a population in 1851 

 of 28,183. 



Clones is situated on the high road from Monaghan to Belturbet. 

 The town is substantially built for the most part of stoue, aud has a 

 comfortable and thriving appearance. The market-place is a trian- 

 gular space having the market-house in the centre. An ancient sculp- 

 tured stone cross of that kind peculiar to Ireland, in which the arms 

 of the cross are inclosed ill a circle, stands on the summit of a flight 

 of steps in the market-place. In or near the town are places of wor- 

 ship for Episcopalians, Roman Catholics, Presbyterians, and Wesleyan 

 Methodists ; a sessions court-house ; a bridewell ; an infirmary ; and 

 a fever hospital. There is a considerable trade in linens and in agri- 

 cultural produce. Here are extensive corn-mills and a brewery. Clones 

 is rich in antiquities. On the south side of the town, on the road 

 leading to Cootehill, are the ruins of an ancient monastery alleged to 

 have been founded early in the 5th century, including a round tower. 

 The Ulster Canal passes near the town. Quarter and petty sessions 

 are held here. 



(Lewis, Topographical Dictionary ; Thorn, 7mA Almanac.) 



CLONFERT. [GALWAY-; KII.LALOE.] 



CLONMACNOIS, or CLUANMACNOIS. [Kino's COUNTY.] 



CLONMEL, counties of Tipperary and Waterford, Ireland, a post 

 and assize town, a municipal and parliamentary borough, and the seat 

 of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of St. Mary of Clonmel, chiefly 

 in the barony of Iffa and Offa East and south riding of the county of 

 Tipperary, and partly in the barony of Upperthird and county of 

 Waterford, is situated on the river Suir, 104 miles S.W. by S. from 

 Dublin, 52 13 N. lat., 7 43' W. long. The population in 1851 was 

 12,367 on the Tipperary side of the river and 151 on the Waterford 

 side, besides 2818 persons in the workhouse and other public insti- 

 tutions. Clonmel is governed by a corporation consisting of a mayor, 

 free burgesses, and a commonalty ; and returns one member to the 

 Imperial Parliament. Clonmel Poor-Law Union comprises 14 elec- 

 toral divisions, with an area of 86,811 acres, and a population in 1851 

 of 36,650. 



Clonmel is built principally on the northern or Tipperary side of 

 the Suir, and on an island formed by that river, with a small suburb 

 on the southern or Waterford bank. There are five bridges, two of 

 which connect Moore's Island with both banks of the river, and two 

 are carried over Long Island, which is about three furlongs in length 

 by one furlong wide. The fifth bridge crosses the whole breadth of 

 the river. Long Island is entirely built over. The town contains 

 several good streets, the mam street extending parallel to the river 

 for upwards of a mile in a series of divisions known by different 

 names. Several short and narrow streets lead southward to the river, 

 three of them conducting to the bridges. The streets which diverge 

 from the main street towards the north are more numerous and of 

 higher pretension than those leading to the river. The material 

 employed in building is limestone, which abounds in the vicinity. 

 The streets are paved and lighted with gas. The parish church of St. 

 Mary is situated north of Main-street. It is an ancient and spacious 

 building with two towers, one of 84 feet surmounted by an octagonal 

 lantern, and has a fine oriel window .adorned with gothic tracery and 

 stained glass. A large nunnery stands on the opposite side of the 

 river. There are places of worship for Koman Catholics, Presbyte- 

 rians, Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists, Quakers, and Unitarians ; 

 two convents, and an institution of the Society of Christian Brothers. 

 An Endowed school founded in 1685 has an annual income from 

 endowment of about 6001. ; the number of scholars in 1851 was 13, of 

 whom 6 were free. In Clonmel are the county lunatic asylum, ail 

 infirmary, a fever hospital, a dispensary, the county jail and court- 

 house, house of correction and town bridewell, barracks, the county 

 club-house, and other buildings. There are a mechanics institute, a 

 savings bank, and a Model school under the National Board of 

 Education. 



Clonmel is a place of considerable antiquity. It is said to have 

 been walled by the Danes. Otho de Grandieon, who had a grant of 

 Tipperary and a considerable portion of Cork, was the first English 

 possessor. He founded a Franciscan friary here in 1269. From its 

 situation on the frontiers of the pale, Clonmel was a convenient station 

 for assembling on auy emergency. On the breaking out of the war 

 in 1641, Clonmel declared for the Roman Catholic cause. It made a 

 good defence against Cromwell, who besieged and finally took it in 

 1650. Few antiquities remain : a gate-house at one end of the main 

 street is the principal part of the old works standing. The assizes 

 for the south riding of Tipperary are held here, and quarter-sessions 

 in rotation, besides weekly petty sessions. The market-days are 

 Tuesday and Saturday. Fairs are held on May 5th, November 5th, 

 and the first Wednesday in every month. The exports from Clonmel 

 are chiefly corn, cattle, butter, and provisions ; of wheat from 200,000 

 to 300,000 barrels are annually brought into the town. The flour- 

 mill-), which are numerous and extensive, are chiefly situated on Suir 

 Island. Clonmel is the depfit of the great posting establishment of 

 Mr. Bianconi. There are several breweries, an extensive distillery, 

 and a cotton manufactory. Barges of from 20 to 50 tons ply on the 

 Suir to Waterford. The northern bank of the Suir, between the two 

 lower bridges, is quayed in. The Wnterford and Limurick railway 

 passes through Clonmel. The ruins of the ancient church of St. 



2 I) 



