lit 



CLONTAHK. 



I U NY 



618 



Stephen remain at the weatorn and thow of the church of 8t 

 Nicholas at the eastern and of the town : there are aUo some remains 

 of the ancient castle. The environ* of the town are particularly rich 

 ami attractive. The name sjanifie* ' the Tale of boner.' 



(OnduHK* Surrey Maf ; thorn, /HM Alma** ; Fraser, //anrfiooi 

 '' 



CLOXTARF. [Dt-BUH Cocrrr.] 



CLOUD, ST., aamall town in France on the Paru-VenaiUen railway, 

 oo the left bank of the Seine, U situated in the department of Seine-et- 

 Oise in France, about 6 mile* W. from Paris. It U said to have been 

 known in the earlier age* of the Prankish monarchy by the name of 

 Nogent Chlodoald, one of the three sons of Chlodomere, king of Or- 

 leans, retired hither in the 6th century, having embraced a monutic life 

 to avoid the fury of hi* uncle* Childebert and Clotaire, who had (533) 

 murdered hi* two brother* in order to seire their inheritance. This 

 prince wan canonised. and hi* name, corrupted into St. Cloud, has 

 been given to the town where ha pawed hi* life and where he wa* 

 i 



SL-Cloud U celebrated for its park and palace. Within the limit* 

 of the park wa* formerly a chateau belonging to a Florentine, Jerome 

 de Oondi, in which Henry III. of France took up his quarter* during 

 the liege of Part* by hi* own force* and those of Henry IV., king of 

 Navarre. Here he wa* killed in 1539 by the monk Jacque* Clement. 

 The domain with an adjacent one wa* purchased by Louie XIV., and 

 given to hi* brother the Duke of Orleans. The present palace, built 

 by the duke, ha* engaged the talent* of several architect*, among 

 whom wa* Hansard. It wa* purchased a little before the revolution 

 by Marie Antoinette, who much enlarged it, and rendered it more 

 magnificent Bonaparte on hi* return from Egypt (1799) assembled 

 the Council of the Five Hundred in the palace of St-Cloud, and 

 dissolved them by force ; and here he wa* named First Consul. After 

 the Restoration the palace of St. -Cloud was the favourite summer 

 residence of the royal family. The memorable ordinance* which 

 were the immediate cause of the revolution of 1830 were dated from 

 St-Cloud. Louis Philippe made the palace of St-Cloud his summer 

 residence, and it i* now the usual country residence of the Emperor 

 Napoleon III. 



The park of St-Cloud extends from Sevres to the town of St-Cloud, 

 on a hill which rises above the bank of the Seine. The lower part of 

 the park, along the bank of the river (from which it i* separated by a 

 road and towing-path), is occupied by a magnificent plantation of elm* 

 and by green lawns ; it is the part most frequented by those on foot, 

 a* being the nearest to Paris and the most commodious for walking. 

 But the upper part of the park, and the wooded slope of the hill on 

 which it lies, excel the lower part in picturesque beauty. The slope, 

 skilfully planted, is adorned by masses of foliage, by frequent steep 

 declivities, and by pleasant recesses. Down this slope falls the 

 cascade of St-Cloud, the water tumbling from one basin to another 

 carved in the form of shells, and adorned with grotto-work, statues 

 of marble and figures cast in lead ; at the bottom of the cascade the 

 ' giant jet ' snouts up a column of water to the height of more than a 

 hundred feet The upper part of the park ha* spacious lawns and 

 alleys of tree* stretching beyond the reach of the eye, but the turf is 

 not so fresh nor are the trees so vigorous a* in the lower part At the 

 edge of the slope a platform called La Balustrade commands an exten- 

 sive view, including the long meanderings of the Seine, the whole 

 extent of the capital, and a considerable part of the surrounding 

 country. From this platform rises a lofty square tower, from the top 

 of which is a prospect still more extensive. This tower was built by 

 Bonaparte in 1801, and on the top of it i* a copy of the Monument of 

 Lysicrates, or Lantern of Demosthenes. The park was laid out by 

 Le Notre. In one of the numerous shady alleys of the Great Park, 

 as the lower part of it is called, is annually held the fair of St-Cloud, 

 which last* from the 7th to the 16th of September, and is numerously 

 attended by the Parisians. Whilst the fair huts the water-works 

 play, the palace is thrown open to vUiten, and in the evenings the 

 park and the Great Avenue are illuminated. 



Tb chateau of 8t-Cloud i* equally admired for the beauty of it* 

 situation and the elegance of its architecture. It has not indeed the 

 *M* msgnificsoce of Versailles, but it i* as beautiful with lew pre- 

 It consists of a principal front and two wings at right angles, 

 _ three side* of a square; the fourth side is formed 

 by a Urraoe and balustrade, from which there i* a view of the park 

 awl of the same objects which the platform commands. There are 

 three portico* of til* Corinthian order one in the centre of the prin- 

 cipal front and ooe a* the extremity of each wing ; the intervals are 

 adorned with sUtaes and relief., the most remarkable part* of the 



pavili-.,. tl,, 

 ent* are richly 



great number of marble statue*, porcelain 

 and above two hundred paintings by the most celebrated 

 mirt in. The gallery wa* painted by Mignard ; in the room called 

 the Salon de Man, the ceiling of which wa* painted by the same 

 artist, are four superb marble columns. The chateau was much 

 improved and splendidly furnished by Napoleon I. 



CLOTHE, county of Cork, which gav* its name to the merged 

 bishopric of Cloy D, i* a small pout and market-town in the barony of 

 Imokilly, distant 1<0 miles S.S.W. from Dublin. The population in 



taterior are the chapel, the orangery, the theatre, the 

 riding school, and the royal office*, tha private apartme 

 flmifanrf, and contain a great number of marble statu 



1851 was 1713. The chief object of interest her* i* a round tower, 

 92 feet in height, surmounted by a modern battlement, the original 

 conical roof having been destroyed by lightning in 1749. East of the 

 round tower, on the opposite side of the street, stands the cathedral, 

 a small heavy building, supposed- to have been raised about the end 

 of the 18th centm psnopal pabo* adjoins the town ; it is a 



plain mansion, and stand* in a handsome demesne. Cloyne is an 

 inconsiderable town, consisting chiefly of one street of mean houses. 

 Being the only market-town in a considerable extent of country, it* 

 fain are usually well attended. Here are an Endowed and a Free 

 school. 



The founder of the bishopric was Column, son of Lenin, the chief 

 bard of Aedh, king of Minister, who died in 604. Alx-ut 1 l.'in it was 

 united to the see of Cork, and thus continued till 1638, when* it was 

 constituted a separate see. By the 3rd and 4th Win. IV., c. 87, 

 sec. 131, Cloyne has become reunited to COBK and Roes. 



(Ware, Sukopt; Thorn, /ria% Almanac; Croker, Skttcke* m the 

 Soulk of Ireland.) 



CLUN, Shropshire, a small market-town and borough, and the 

 seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Clun and hundred of Purs- 

 low, i* situated on the river Clun, in 52" 26' N. lat, 8 < 

 distant 24 mile* 8.8. W. from Shrewsbury, and 159 mile* N.W. by N. 

 from London by road. The population of the township of Clun in 

 1851 was 984 ; that of the entire parish, including 14 townships, was 

 2121. The living is a vicarage with the curacy of Chapel Lawn 

 annexed, in the archdeaconry of Salop and diocese of Hereford. 

 Clun Poor-Law Union contain* 19 parishes and townships, with an 

 area of 62,871 acres, and a population in 1851 of 10,118. 



The district in which Clun is situated was formerly reckoned a* a 

 distinct hundred, called the hundred of Clun, and was reputed part 

 of Wales. Shortly after the Norman Conquest the place gave a title 

 to the celebrated family of Fitz-Alan of Clun, who maintained a castle 

 here. In the time of Elizabeth the castle came by marriage into the 

 posaearion of the Howards of Norfolk. It subsequently became the 

 property of Lord dive, and now belong* to his descendant*. The 

 dukes of Norfolk still retain the title of Baron of Clun. The ruins 

 of the castle are situated on the banks of the stream. The borough 

 of Clun is a borough by prescription. Besides the parish church 

 there are places of worship for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodist*. 

 An hospital, founded in the early part of the 17th century by H> nrv 

 Howard, earl of Northampton, has an income of about 120! 

 annum. In this institution 14 poor men are maintained, having each 

 two or three rooms, a garden, clothing, fuel, and 10*. per week. The 

 hospital is a neat quadrangular building with a large garden in front 

 There is no manufacture in the place. The weekly market, held <>n 

 Wednesday, is well attended. Fain for sheep and cattle are held on 

 Whit-Tuesday, on September 23rd, and November 22nd. 



CLUNY, a town in France, in the department of Saone-et-Loire, ia 

 situated in a narrow valley traversed by the little river Orune, 12 miles 

 N.W. from Macon, and has about 4200 inhabitants, including the 

 whole commune. 



Until the early part of the 10th century Cluny was a mere village. 

 In 910 Ouillanme I., duke of Aquitaine, who had purchased the 

 village, founded here an abbey of the Benedictine order. About 20 

 yean afterward* St. Odon, second abbot of Cluny, introduced a reform 

 into the Benedictine order, which reform spread very widely ; and in 

 course of time 2000 religious houses adopted the discipline of ('limy, 

 which alone of the houses that observed the rule retained the 

 rank of an abbey ; the others were all simple priories, the abbot* 

 laying aside their title and rank. The abbot of Cluny was the recog- 

 nised superior of the whole order. The abbey was very extensive. 

 When in A.D. 1245 Pope Innocent IV., accompanied by twelve cardi- 

 nals, a patriarch, three archbishops, the two general* of the Carthu- 

 sian* and Cistercians, and the King of France (St Louis) and three of 

 bib sons, the Queen Mother, Baudouin, count of Flanders and emperor 

 of Constantinople, the Duke of Bourgogne, and six lords, vi.iiti-d tlir 

 abbey, the whole party, ecclesiastical, royal, and noble, were lodged 

 in the building of the monastery without disarranging the or. . 

 the monks, who amounted to four hundred. The abbot had the 

 disposal of a great number of benefice*, and of the priories of the 

 different houses of the order. The revenue* of the cstablishm. nt 

 were estimated in 1762 at about 50001. In 178U, a time when con- 

 ventual property seems to have been valued very highly, the revenues 

 of the abbey were said to amount to 1 2,0001. Of the abbey buildings 

 only the abbot's house, one chapel, and a part of the church towers, 

 escaped destruction. Tho church of the monastery, one of the 

 largest in tho kingdom, built in the form of a cross, with nave, aisles, 

 double transept*, and choir, was totally demolished by the Vandals of 

 II.. time. It was 654 feet long and 180 feet wide; the greater tran- 

 sept was 213 feet, the lew 132 feet in length ; the nave was 102 feet 

 and the aisles 60 feet high ; the vaulted roof was supported by 60 

 pillars. The monastery had been three times plundered by the 

 Huguenot* : before the last pillage the library contained 1800 manu- 

 scripts, and even after this event it was one of the richest in Franco ; 

 but it was dispersed or transferred elsewhere at the revolution. A 

 college is now established in the abbot's house, we l> 



The town of Cluny occupies a* much ground as Macon, though it is 

 far leg* populous. It was formerly defended by walls, part of which 



