OOBOTTBQ. 



COCHIN. 



the German emperor*, and the archbUhupn of Trove*. 

 In this part of the town i the church of St Cutor, built in the fork 

 between the two riven. It in surmounted by four tower*, and date* 

 from A.D. 836. In this church the grandson* of Charlemagne met to 

 divide the empire between them, and within it* wall* in 1338 Edward 

 III. of England, when he laid chum to the throne of Franco and 

 s night the u*i*Unoe of Germany, met the emperor Louis with other 

 prince* and several archbishop*. In front of the church i* the foun- 

 tain erected by the French in 1812, and bearing an inscription to 

 commemorate the invuioti of Russia. Underneath i* the addition 

 vu et approuve" made by St Priest, the Russian commandant of 

 Cobleni in 1814. In the street facing the Mosello bridge are the 

 ancient town-hall and the castle of the Elector* of Trives, built in 

 1658, and now converted into a factory of japan-ware. Both of these 

 adjoin the bridge: farther on are the Stamm-Haus in which Prinec 

 Matternich was born, and the hospital which i* under the ON 

 management of the Sister* of Charity. The ' Clement,' or New Town, 

 which i* very handsome, was built by the lost electoral prince, 

 Clement Wencealaus of Mettcrnich. In the new town is the modern 

 palace of the Electors, which has a long and handsome facade toward* 

 the Rhine just above the bridge of boat* : but the principal front is 

 towards the Great Square in which the military of the garrison are 

 exercised. The French converted the building into barracks; it is 

 now a court-house. In the new town also are the casino or club-house, 

 which is an elegant building with reading-rooms, ball-rooms, and 

 gardens ; the former Jesuits' house, now the grammar school, under- 

 neath which are vast cellars. Coblenz contains several Roman 

 Catholic and two Protestant churches, and one synagogue : among 

 the former the principal is the collegiate church of St. Castor already 

 mentioned. The collegiate church of St. Florian, said to have been 

 founded by the empress Helena, has been fitted up for Protestant 

 worship. The chapel of the new palace, which is built in a style of 

 noble simplicity and adorned with paintings, has been also fitted up 

 for Protestant worship. The castle yard is planted with trees and 

 decorated with a pyramid 60 feet in height; the castle in the New 

 Town has, since the French revolution, been converted iuto an 

 hospital and magazines, &c. There are two bridge* : one of stone, 

 over the Moselle, 480 pace* long, consisting of 14 arches, which was 

 commenced in 1344 by Archbishop Baldwin ; the other of wood, 

 built in 1819 across the Rhino to the valley of Khmnbreitstein, is 485 

 yard* in length, and rest* on 38 pontoons. The gymnasium, or 

 grammar school, ha* a considerable revenue, and a fine library formed 

 out of the remain* of the monastic libraries. Among other institu- 

 tion* in the town are a Catholic seminary, house of industry, savings 

 bank, an orphan asylum, and various other charitable institutions. 

 There i* also a handsome theatre. 



Cobleni is the residence of the governor of the Rhein-Provinz, the 

 seat of the provincial administration, and of the Protestant consistory 

 of the Rhein-Provinz. It is the bead-quarters of the 8th corps of the 

 Pruanan army. It i* a free port, and carries on a brisk trade in 

 colonial produce and other articles up and down the Rhine, the 

 Moselle, and the Lahn. The export* consist of wine, mineral waters, 

 corn, iron, volcanic product* (from the Eifel in the form of mill- 

 atone*, ground lava to form the Dutch subaqueous cement called 

 'trass'), bark from the Eifel and Hunsdruck forests, building-stones, 

 anil potter's clay. The leading article* of manufacture are linen, 

 calico, japan-ware, furnituie, and carriage*. Many of the inhabitant* 

 are engaged in the culture of the vine. Coblenz is said to surpass 

 almost every town on the Rhino in beauty of situation, and the views 

 from the height* of EhreubreiUtcin, Pfaffondorf, and the Karthuiwou- 

 berg are peculiarly beautiful. Steamer* ply regularly to Cologne, 

 Mayence, and Trove*. A railway is in course of construction from 

 Cologne to Wiesbaden, which passe* a little to the cast of Coblenz. 



The administrative division or circle of Coblenz has an area of 2820 

 square mile*, and had at the end of 1849 a population of 602,924, 

 consisting chiefly of Catholic* and different sects of Protestant*, com- 

 prised under the name of Evangelicals, the former being to the latter 

 Terr nearly in the ratio of two to one. [RiJElN-PBOVi.v/.] 



There U a *mall village named Cobleni in the canton of Aargau in 

 Switzerland, situated at the junction of the Aar and the Rhine. Some 

 Roman antiquities have own found here, and there Mem* no doubt 

 but it i* aim named from the word 'Confluento*' by which the Roman* 

 xprwMd the junction of two riven. 



COBOURO. [CAXADA.] 



COBURO, the most southern of the small ThuringUa duchiot, i* 

 bounded bjr the territorie. of Sohwanburg, Meiningen, Hildburg- 

 hausen, and Bavaria ; it lie* between 60' V and 60" 24' N lat, 10* 

 10' an.1 11* 18' i long., including the newly acquired territories of 

 Konipberg and Sonneufeld. It* area U S2 square miles, and its popu- 

 lation at the end of 1852 wa. 44,456. U i. composed of the valley of the 

 Itr, which i* bordered on the north by the Thiiringian Mountains, 

 and U travened by the riven Itz, Rodach, Stcinach, Nasslach, LanUr. 

 aud others. The duchy of Uotha, which i* inclosed by Saxe Weimar, 

 Prunu, HetM C**el, and SchwarzLurg, and ha* an area of 647 

 square mile*, with a population of 106,6, i* now united to the 

 duchy of Coburg; and the whole constitutes the duchy of Sxc- 

 Coborg Uotha. Cvlmrg belonged formerly to the count* of Henne- 

 bcrg; it came by marriage to the house of Saxony, whence it pawed 



into the Ernestine blue, and in 1785 to the branch of Saair. '..!. '1 ]..- 

 principality <>f Lichtenberg wa* added to it iu 1816, and the dn 

 Uotha (with the exception of some small districts) iu 182(5, iu conse- 

 quence of that house having become extinct by the death of Duke 

 Frederick IV., when it wa* made over to the house of Saxe-l < 

 Saalfeld, by virtue of a family compact among the ducal 8 

 branches, in exchange for the duchy of Saalfeld and several 

 districts. The principality of Lichtenberg, which lie* west of the 

 Rhine between the Palatinate, Prussia, and Birkeufeld, was ceded 

 to Prussia in 1884. 



The majority of the inhabitant* ark Lutheran* : the Catholics enjoy 

 the free exercise of their religion. The government of the united 

 duchies i* a constitutional monarchy; the ministry conaiata <. 

 sections, one for each duchy. The duchies have also separate judicial, 

 administrative, financial, and police establishments, a* well as .. 

 consistories for the direction of Protestant worship. The right uf 

 citizenship U enjoyed by natives only, who are ( all equal in the eye of 

 the law, without regard to their religious profession. The < 

 duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha is a state of the Germanic CV. 

 it has one vote in the full assembly of the Diet, and in 

 Saxe-Weimar, Saxe-Meiningen, and Saxe-Alteuburg, has the 12th place 

 in the Federative government. 



The climate of Coburg is mild, especially in the fruitful valley of 

 the Itz. The agricultural products ore timber and fuel, grain, 

 pea*, beans, hops, vegetables, &c. Iron, copper, cobalt, coals 

 (but none of them in large quantities), limestone, sandstone, marble, 

 alabaster, gypsum, porcelain earth, do. ore found here. The inhabit- 

 ants are chiefly occupied iu the manufacture of linen, woollen 

 cotton, wooden toys, and the rearing of cattle. The articles of 

 export are fattod cattle aud grain; besides butter, leather, 

 wool, linen, and other manufactured good*. 



Coburg, the capital f the duchy, is situated in a picturesque valley 

 on the bank* of the Itz, in 50 15' N. lat, 10 50' E. long., aud has 

 about 10,000 inhabitants. It is surrounded by walls, and with its 

 long suburbs is divided into nine quarters, which have two market- 

 place*. The town i for from being handsome ; the houses are small, 

 the street* rough, and iu many places overgrown with grass. The 

 ducal palace of Ehrcnburg is a very elegant residence, containing a 

 fine banqueting room called the ' Hall of Giants,' from the colossal 

 caryatides which eurrouud its walla; a library of 26,000 volume 

 a collection of natural history, minerals, coins, and prints. The 

 government buildings are constructed in the Italian style. Amoug the 

 other edifices may be named the town-hall; live churches, of whieh 

 St Maurice's contains the ducal vaidt and some good monuments ; 

 the arsenal, orphan asylum, a new theatre, a casino, three hospitals, 

 and a workhouse. The gymnasium, founded in louj by Duke John 

 Casiuiir, hence called ' Casimiriauum,' has all the rights and privilege* 

 of a university. There are besides two public libraries, a collection 

 of natural history, an observatory, with a normal school attached to 

 it ; a society of art" and sciences, &c. The manufacture* consist of 

 woollens, cottons, linen, furniture, marquetry, buckles, gold and silver 

 articles, chocolate, tools, &c. There are also several dye-houses, and 

 a considerable trade in wool, cloth, cottons, horse-hair, Hour, seeds, 

 Ac. There are several pleasure-grounds round the town, a* well as 

 many delightful rides and walks among other places, to the ducal 

 country seat, Koscuau, which was an old baronial castle, nn 

 been restored in the gothio style. Near the town are marble-poj. 

 mills, and iron and copper works. On a lofty lull in i 

 which commands a beautiful prospect, U the ancient castle of Coburg, 

 surrounded with a strong wall and five bastions. It contains many 

 interesting remains of antiquity, anna, armour, &<x It \\ a- for some 

 time the residence of Luther ; the bedstead on which he slept, and 

 the pulpit from which he preached in the old chapel of the castle are 

 still shown. The castle is now partly c .1 and 



house of correction. There are also, in the neighbourhood of Coburg, 

 the picturesque castles of Collenberg and Lauterberg ; the latter is iu 

 ruins. 



The other places worth naming in the duchy are Rodach, a town on 

 the river of the same name, with a ducal mansion, a ehurch, and 

 about 1SOO inhabitant*; Sonneuftld, a market-town of about 600 

 inhabitant*; Kunigtlxry on the Nasslach, with a grammar school, and 

 about 800 inhabitant* ; and Krutdadl, at the foot of Mount Mupp, 

 with a ducal sent, about 200G inhabitant.*, a tobacco-manufactory, 

 hop-grounds, and some trade. [UOTHA.] 



1 1 1 N, a town in IlindiiHtan, on the western coast of the penin- 

 sula, in 9 61' N. Ut, 76 18' E. long., is the place where the first 

 European settlement wo* funned in the East Indies. In 1503 the 

 Portuguese fleet, under the conduct of Alfonso aud Francisco Albu- 

 querque, obtained from the sovereign of Cochin permission to erect a 

 fortress there in recompense fur the assistance they had given him in 

 his wan with the Zamorin of Calicut The country in the neighbour- 

 hood being very fertile, the Portuguese carried on an advantageous 

 trade until the town was taken from them by the Dutch in 1 G63. 

 The trade continued to flourish under the Dutch government In the 

 beginning of the war between Holland and England, in 171)5, Cochin 

 was taken possession of by the British, to whom it was finally ceded 

 in 1814. Since then it* trade has considerably diminished. The 

 1 .pulntion is about 30,000. 



