825 



COCKBURN ISLAND. 



COIMBATORE. 



628 



COCKBURN ISLAND. [NORTH POLAR COUNTRIES.] 



COCKBURNSPATH. [BERWICKSHIRE.] 



COCKENZIE. [HADDINOTOSSHIRE.] 



COCKERMOUTH, Cumberland, a parliamentary borough, a 

 market-town, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of 

 Brigham, ward of Allerdale above Derwent, and western division of 

 the county ; stands at the point of confluence of the rivers Cocker 

 and Derwent, in 54 40' N. lat., 3 20' W. long., 25 miles S.W. from 

 Carlisle by road. The population of the borough in 1851 was 7275. 

 The borough sends two members to the Imperial Parliament. The 

 living is a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Richmond and 

 diocese of Chester : this archdeaconry is to be hereafter transferred 

 to the diocese of Carlisle. Cockermouth Poor-Law Union contains 

 47 parishes and townships, with an area of 108,756 acres, and a popu- 

 lation in 1851 of 38,142. 



The name of the town is derived from its position on the river 

 Cocker, at the point of its confluence with the Derwent. The Cocker 

 flows from Buttermere-water, and after passing through Crummock- 

 water, divides the town of Cockermouth into two parts which com- 

 municate by a stone bridge. The Derwent, after it has received the 

 Cocker, is also crossed by a handsome bridge, erected in 1822, at a 

 cort of 3000i The ruins of the castle (which was formerly the 

 baronial seat of the lords of Allerdale, and is now the property of 

 the Karl of Egremont), stand on the brow of a bold eminence near 

 ufluence of the rivers. The castle was occupied by the parlia- 

 mentary army during the civil war in 1648, and sustained a month's 

 siege by the royalists. It is now habitable only in a small part. To 

 the florth of the town is a tumulus called Foot Hill, and to the west 

 the rampart and ditch of a Roman camp. The town is pleasantly 

 situated in an agricultural district, and has a promenade a mile in 

 length on the banks of the Derwent, but the streets in some parts are 

 narrow and confined. The houses are chiefly built of stone and 

 roofed with slate ; considerable improvements have been recently intro- 

 duced. The town is well supplied with water, and is lighted with gaa. 



Besides the episcopal church, there are places of worship for 

 Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists, Independents, Quakers, and 

 Roman Catholics. The Free school, founded in 1676, has an income 

 from endowment of about 121, a year, and had 41 scholars in 1851. 

 There are a National school and six other public schools, a parochial 

 public library, a subscription library, a savings bank, and a dispensary. 

 The court-house, or moot-hall, built about 1830, is the chief 

 building for the transaction of public business. A county court is 

 held at Cockermouth, and quarter sessions are alternately held here 

 and at Carlisle. Cotton, linen, woollen fabrics, hats, hosiery, and 

 paper are manufactured ; tanning in carried on. In the neighbour- 

 hood are extensive coal mines. A market is held on Mondays for corn 

 and cattle ; and on Saturdays for provisions. From May to Mid- 

 summer cattle shows are held every alternate Wednesday. Fairs for 

 horses and cattle are held on February 18th, and October 10th ; and 

 for hiring servants on Whit-Monday and the Monday next Martinmas 

 Day. Cockennouth is connected by a railway of about 8 miles with 

 Workington, whence other railways extend north to Carlisle and 

 south to Furness. 



(Lysons, Magna, Britannia; Communication from Cockermouth.) 



COEL. [ALLIOHUR.] 



COETHEN. [AJIHALT; KOETHEN.] 



COGGESHALL, Essex, sometimes called Great Coggcshall, a 

 market-town situated on the left bank of the river Blackwater, in the 

 parish of Coggeshall and Witham division of Lexden hundred, in 

 51 52' N. lat., 41 E. long., distant 15 miles N.E. by N. from 

 Chelmsford, and 44 miles N.E. from London by road. Kelvedon sta- 

 tion of the Eastern Counties railway, which is 3 miles from Cogges- 

 hall, is 41 f miles from London. The population of the town was 

 3484 in 1851. The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Col- 

 chester and diocese of Rochester. 



By some antiquaries Coggeshall has been supposed to occupy the 

 site of the Roman station Canonium. An abbey for Cistercian monks 

 was founded here in 1142 by King Stephen and his queen Maud. At 

 one period the manufacture of woollen cloth was carried on in Cog- 

 geahall, and a white baize, called ' Coggeshall whites,' was in consider- 

 able repute. The town is situated partly on low ground adjoining 

 the river, and partly on a cluster of hills rising from it. Many of the 

 houses are well built, but the streets are rather irregularly laid out. 

 The town \ lighted with gas. The parish church, dedicated to St. 

 Peter, a spacious building in the perpendicular style, erected about 

 1400, has been recently in part repaired ; at the west end is a square 

 tower. The Independents, Baptists, Wesleyan Methodists, and 

 Quakers have places of worship. There are in Coggeshall an Endowed 

 school founded by Sir Robert Hitcham, and connected with Pembroke 

 ', Cambridge : National, British, and Infant schools, a mechanics 

 institute, and three almshouse*. The silk manufacture is now the 

 [irim.-ipal manufacture of the place; the great factory is for silk- 

 throwing ; fine velvet is extensively manufactured ; satins, French 

 patent silk plush for hats, and patent gelatine are made, and also 

 some worsted at one of the old clothing mills. Some of the females 

 find employment in tambouring lace. Iron-founding, malting, and 

 brewing arc carried on. A considerable quantity of garden-seeds is 

 raised here for sale. The market is on Thursday for corn and 



provisions ; occasionally live stock are sold. A small part of the abbey 

 ig still remaining in the hamlet of Little Coggeshall. 



(Morant, Esse.t ; Wright, Essex ; Communication from Coggeshall.) 

 COIMBATORE, a province situated in the region of the Eastern 

 Ghaut Mountains, in the south of India, about 11 N. lat. ; and 

 bounded N. by Mysore, W. by Malabar, S. by Dindigul, and E. by 

 Salem and Trichinopoli. The length of the province from north to 

 south is 50 miles, and its breadth from east to west about 45 miles. 

 The surface of the country varies exceedingly. Towards the south 

 the level is not more than 400 or 500 feet above the sea, but it gradu- 

 ally rises towards the north, and even in what is considered the low 

 country the level rises to 900 feet above the sea. About 11 35' 

 N. lat., the mountains called the Eastern Ghauts occur ; the Kumbe- 

 tarine Hill, in 11 35' N. lat., 77 20' E. long., is reckoned to be 5548 

 feet above the level of the sea. Some summits of the Nilgherry 

 Mountains, which are in the north-west part of the province, and 

 unite the Eastern and Western Ghauts, are still higher ; one of the 

 peaks, called Moorchoorti Bet, is 8800 feet above the sea. The soil is 

 generally dry, but in the south there is some marshy ground. The 

 climate is considered healthy, and in particular the Nilgherry Moun- 

 tains are resorted to by European residents for the recovery of their 

 health. In these hills the mean temperature in April and May is 

 65 Fahrenheit. During the cold season the thermometer sometimes 

 sinks to freezing point, when the air is peculiarly clear and elastic. 

 Coimbatore is watered by the rivers Bhavani, Amaravati, and Cavery, 

 the first and second of which fall into the Cavery ; the Bhavani, at 

 Bhavani-Kudal, 58 miles N.E. from the town of Coimbatore, in 11 26' 

 N. lat., 77" 44' E. long., and the Amaravati about 10 miles below 

 the town of Caroor. These rivers are filled by both mousoons ; by 

 the south-west in June, July, and August, and by the north-east in 

 October, November, and December. During the last 40 years an im- 

 proved system of administration has tended to develop the productive 

 capabilities of the soil. In 1814-15 the government assessment was 

 considered to be equal to one-third of the gross produce of the soil, and 

 in 1825-26 it did not exceed one-fifth ; the price of land during that time 

 was doubled. The population of the province is about 800,000. The 

 principal places in the province, in addition to the capital COIMBATORE, 

 are Animalaya, Aravacourehy, Bhavani-Kudal, Caroor, Daraporam, 

 Erroad, Palachy, Satimangalum, and Sivana Samudra. Animalaya is 

 on the west side of the small river Alima, in 10 31' N. lat., 77 1' 

 E. long. This town is the common thoroughfare between Malabar 

 and the southern part of the Carnatic. A fort stands at a short dis- 

 tance west of the town, and had fallen into decay, when, to provide 

 materials for repairing it, Tippoo pulled down five large temples. 

 The forests in the neighbourhood contain abundance of fine timber. 

 Aravacourehy, the seat of Arava, so called from the name of the 

 founder, is situated in 10 41' N. lat., 77 54' E. long. The town was 

 destroyed towards the end of Hyder's reign by an English force 

 under Colonel Laing, but it has since been rebuilt. The inhabitants 

 mostly speak the Tamul language. Bhavani-Kudal, at the confluence 

 of the Bhavani and Cavery rivers, contains two celebrated temples, 

 one dedicated to Vishnu, and the other to Siva ; and is considered a 

 place of great sanctity by the Hindoos. Caroor, on the north side of 

 the Amaravati River, in 10 53' N. lat., 78 4' E. long., a town of some 

 trade, containing 1000 houses, was formerly a place of great commer- 

 cial activity. Daraporam, or more properly Dharmapuram, is a popu- 

 lous town situated in an open country near the Amaravati, in 10 37' 

 N. lat., 77 35' E. long. The streets are wide and regularly laid out, 

 and many of the houses are spacious. Erroad was a very considerable 

 place in Hyder's reign ; during the invasion of the country by the 

 English under General Meadows, the town was in a great measure 

 destroyed. It has since been made a military station. Palachy is a 

 small but thriving town, situated in a well-cultivated country, in 

 10 39' N. lat., 77 6' E. long. Some coins of Augustus and Tiberius 

 have been dug up in the vicinity. Satimangalnm, in 11 81' N. lat., 

 77 16' E. long., contains a large fort, and is built in a straggling 

 manner about the plain. There is here a spacious temple dedicated to 

 Vishnu. This place is considered unhealthy, and the air is usually 

 intensely hot. The island of Sivana Samudra, formed by the Cavery, 

 is the site of the ancient Hindoo city of Gunga Raja ; two cataracts 

 are here formed by the Cavery, one on its northern and the other on 

 its southern arm. The southern gate of the wall by which the ancient 

 city of Gunga Raja was surrounded may still be seen, and a street 

 about a mile in length may be traced. There are besides visible the 

 ruins of several Hindoo temples, in one of which is a colossal statue of 

 Vishnu, but the whole place is choked by jungle, and occupied by 

 banyan and other forest-trees. A considerable quantity of dry grain 

 is raised in Coimbatore province ; cotton and sugar are likewise culti- 

 vated, and weaving is carried on extensively. Tobacco, salt, nitre, 

 and live stock are among the products of the country. The province 

 was acquired by the British from the Raja of Mysore in 1799. 



(Rennell, Memoir of a Map of Hindustan ; Buchanan, Journeys 

 through Mytore, Canara, and Malabar; Parliamentary Papers.) 



COIMBATORE, the capital of the province, in 10 52' N. lat., 

 77 5' E. long., is a well-built town, containing about 2000 houses, 

 being little more than half the number which it contained under the 

 government of Hyder AH. His sou Tippoo sometimes resided at 

 Coimbatore, where he built a mosque. About two milea from the 



