COLDINGHAM. 



COLNE. 



of the country. In the 6th century Colohi* was commonly celled 

 Terra Laxica, from the Lazi. one of the Colchian tribes. 



Colchis Menu to hare comprised the whole of modem Mingrella, 

 parti of Imeritia and Abbasia, and the narrow (trip between the 

 mountains and the Ma east of Trebisond. In thin latter district there 

 i still a numerous and warlike people called Las, from whom the 

 district is sometimes called Luutan, and the coast-range, which 

 divides it from the basin of the Choruk-su, the Lazutan Mountains. 



Ireland; partly in the 



COLDINGHAM. 

 COLDSTREAM. [BERWICKSHIRE.] 

 COLEAH. [AujfcRiE.] 



COLKKORH. [GU>CCE8TER8BIRE.l 



COLKORTON. [LEICBSTIBSHIRB.] 

 COLKHAINK, county of Londonderry, 



parish of Killowen and barony of Coleraine, and partly in the parish 

 of Coleraine and barony of the north-east liberties of Coleraine; a 

 Ma-port and post-town, a municipal and parliamentary borough, and 

 the aeat of a Poor-Law Union ; is distant 145 miles N. from Dublin. 

 The population in 1851 was 5920, exclusive of 342 Inmates of the 

 Union workhouse. Coleraine returns one member to the Imperial 

 Parliament. The paying, lighting, ftc,, of the town are under the care 

 of 21 town commissioners. Coleraine Poor-Law Union comprises 20 

 electoral divisions, with an area of 112,306 acres, and a population in 

 1851 of 43,021. 



Coleraine is situated on both banks of the river Bann, at a distance 

 of 4 miles from the sea. The principal part of the town is on the 

 right bank, and consist* of a central square called the Diamond, with 

 several leading streets diverging from it. The bridge connecting this 

 portion of the town with the suburb of Killowen or Waterside on the 

 left bank of the river is a stone structure of three arches, 288 feet 

 long and 32 feet in breadth, erected at a cost of 14,5002. There is a 

 great thoroughfare by this road between the northern parts of the 

 counties of Antrim and Londonderry. The parish churches of Killo- 

 wen and Coleraine stand in the respective divisions on either side of 

 the river. There are also two Roman Catholic chapels and six 

 meeting-houses of various denominations of Dissenters, an Endowed 

 school, a National Model school, and a savings bank. The old court- 

 house and town-hall stands in the centre of the Diamond. There is 

 a new market-place with a commodious market-house. The town is 

 lighted with gas. Vessels of 200 tons burden can ascend the river to 

 the quay ; but the principal maritime trade of Coleraine is conducted 

 from the harbour of Port Rush, 5 miles distant on the coast near the 

 embouchure of the river. At Port Rush is a harbour formed by two 

 piers of 800 feet and 650 feet in length, inclosing an area of 8 acres, 

 with from 15 feet to 20 feet of water at the wharfs. The customs 

 duties of the Coleraine district in 1851 amounted to 67332. : the excise 

 duties amounted to 37,2402. The number and tonnage of vessels 

 belonging to the port in 1852 were : Under 50 tons 11, tonnage 279; 

 above 60 tons 1, tonnage 76. The entries and clearances at the port 

 in the coasting and cross-channel trade in 1852 were : Sailing vessels, 

 inwards 162, tonnage 7145 ; outwards 20, tonnage 716 : steam vessels, 

 inwards 877, tonnage 104,632 ; outwards 207, tonnage 57,087. In 

 the foreign and colonial trade there entered 12 vessels of 2379 tons, 

 and cleared 6 vessels of 1223 tons. The principal trade is the manu- 

 facture and bleaching of linens and the salmon-fishery. A fine 

 description of linen manufactured hero is known ns ' Coleraines.' 

 The annual sales of linens are estimated at 600,0002. The fisheries (of 

 salmon and eel) are the property of the Irish Society, who farm them 

 out at an annual rent of 12002. Upwards of 300 persons are employed 

 as water-bailiffs In the protection of the Bann and its tributaries. 

 Fairs an held on Hay 12th, July 5th, and November 3rd; markets 

 are held on Monday, Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday. There are 

 tanneries, bleach-grounds, paper-mills, and soap and candle works. 

 Quarter sessions of the peace for the county of Londonderry are held 

 here in rotation; and petty sessions fortnightly. Coleraine in tho 

 Presbyterian Church arrangement is the aeat of a Presbytery of the 

 General Assembly, consisting of 16 congregations. 



Coleraino U remarkable in early Irish history as the place in which 

 Patrick found a Christian biahop already located on his first progress 

 through the northern parts of Ireland. A castle was built here in 

 1218 by Thomas Mae Uchtred, a Scottish adventurer. One of He 

 Coarov followers, called De Sendall, also erected a castle very soon 

 after the conquest TU present town studs on the site Mlected by 

 the Irish Hoctety in 1618. It was at first fortified by an earthen wall 

 with bastions. The place held out against the rebels in 1641. In 

 1688 the whols customs of the port amounted to only 182. 9. S\d. 

 Tfcs neighbourhood is rich and well cultivated. A fall of the Bann 

 ant a ledge of rock 18 feet high, at the Cutts, about a mile above the 

 town, adds considerably to the picturesque interest of the environs. 

 COLKSHILL. [WARWICKSHIRE.] 

 roi .,.] 



'"i irmmnE] 



ilR.] 



COLLIX, properly K'H.M.V. n town in Bohemia, is situated on 

 the Kibe, in 4IT IV X. lat., 18" 10' E. long., at a distance of 89 miles 

 by railway E. from Prague, and contains about 6000 inhabitants 

 Large quantities of garnets, topates, and carnclians an found in the 



vicinity and polished here. In the neighbourhood, between the castle 

 of ChotzemiU and the village of Planian, Marshall Daun, the 

 mander of the Austrian army, gained a decisive victory over Fro.: 

 the Great on the 18th of June 1757. 



Collin is a station on the railway from Vienna to Prague. It con- 

 tains a grammar school, cotton and potash factories, a Capuchin 

 monastery, a church and a town-hall, both in the gothic style, and 

 castle with grounds and a botanical garden attached to it. The town 

 is well built, surrounded by walls, and finely placed upon an elevated 

 rook, beneath which the Elbe has a considerable fall 

 COLLON. [Lot'TH.] 

 COLLONUE3. [AiN.1 



t'ULLUMPTON, or CULLOMPTON, Devonshire, a market-town 

 in the parish of Collumpton and hundred of Hayridgc, in 50 51' 

 N. lat., 3 23' W. long., is situated on the right bank of the river 

 Culm, a tributary of the Exe ; distant 10J miles N.K. by N. from 

 Exeter, 160 miles W.8.W. from London by road, and 181 j miles by 

 the Great Western and South Devon railways. The population in 

 1851 was 2765. Collumpton is a town of some antiquity. Tin- 

 is of considerable size; the main street, which forms a pnrti<>n <>f tlio 

 Exeter and Taunton road, is about a mile long. The parish ch 

 a handsome edifice of the 14th century, was carefully restored in 1849. 

 It has a very rich screen. A chapel on the south side erected in 1528 

 by John Lane, a clothier, is remarkable for the sculpture on the 

 exterior, which represents the implements then used in the maki 

 cloth. The Independents, Baptists, Wesleyan Methodists, an.: 

 tarians have places of worship in the town. There are a National 

 school and a Mental Improvement society. The woollen manufacture, 

 uirticularly that of serge, is carried on to some extent in Collumpton. 

 The market-day is Saturday ; a monthly market recently establ: 

 s held on the first Saturday of each month : fairs are held in May and 

 November. Petty sessions are held once a month. 



COLMAR, the capital of the department of Haut-Rhin, in Ki 

 stands on the Lauch and the Fecht, both tributaries of the 111. a 

 eeder of the Rhine, at a distance of 352 miles E.S.E. from Paris by 

 railway through Strasbourg, 40 miles by railway S. from Strasbourg, 

 49 miles N.N.W. from Bale, in 48 4' 41" N. lat, 7 21' 43" E. lorn- 

 las 19,153 inhabitants, including the whole commune. In a straight 

 ine the distance from Colmar to Paris is only 250 miles. 



The town, which is beautifully situated in a plain near tho foot of 

 ;he Vosges Mountains, has well-built houses, but the streets are ill 

 aid out; they are however kept clean by small . :i the 



Lauch and the Fecht. It is entered by three gates, those of Bi 

 Dole, and RouBac. The Place-de-la-Cathedrale is the principal N 

 and in it the weekly market is held. Boulevards planted with trees 

 surround the town, and there are several handsome promenades on 

 ;he south side of the town, outside the gate of Bole. The cathedral 

 is the most remarkable building ; the tower is ascended by 303 steps, 

 and on the inside of its walls inscriptions in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, 

 and German recount the dreadful ravages of the plague of 1541. The 

 other objects worth notice are the court-house, town-house, college 

 (which has a library of 36,000 volumes, and a collection of paintings 

 on wood by Martin Sehon, Albert Diircr, and others), the instil 

 for deaf-mutes, hospital, theatre, museum, and the beautiful church 

 of the Dominicans, in the nave of which the corn-market w:i not 

 long ago held. The high court for the deportments of lliuit Ifhin 

 and Bas-Rhin is held in the town, which has also tribunals of first 

 instance and of commerce. 



Colmar in one of the principal seats of the cotton manufactures in 

 France. The machinery of its numerous factories is chiefly moved 

 by tho mountain-streams above named, but steam is also largely 

 employed. All descriptions of cotton-goods, ns well as cloth, h> 

 ribands, room-paper, and leather, are manufactured. The town has 

 also large cotton-printing and cotton spinning establishment*; 

 brisk trade in corn, wine, iron, groceries, &c. Before A.D. 1220 Columr 

 was a mere village. In that year it was raised to the rank of a t<nvn. 

 It was enlarged in 1282, and soon after was made tin inij.eiiul free 

 town, and disputed with Ensishcim tho precedency among the towns 

 of I'pper Alsace. In 1552 it was surrounded with fortification*, 

 which were considerably augmented at a subsequent pcri"<i. The 

 Swedes took Colmar in 1632. Louis XIV. took it in 167: 

 the fortifications. It was united to France by the treaty of Ryswick. 

 Colmar was formerly included in the diocese ol 



'ire. Je la France ; Anvuairc pour f 'An 1853.) 

 cui.M \i:-v [ALFM, BABSES.] 

 CO I ' | A \IIMII HE.] 



i ni \r,i;<iuK. [Boctuioi 



cnl.NI'. Lancashire, nn ancient market, and manufacturing tofm 

 in the parish of Whallcy and hundred of Blackburn, is situated on an 

 elevated ridge near the river Caldcr, in 53 51' N. lat., 2 8' W. long. ; 

 distant 35 miles s ,m Lancaster, 218 miles N.N.W. from 



n by road, and 222 miles by the North-Western and East Lan- 

 cashire railways. The population of the town of Colne in 1851 was 

 6644. The government of the town is in the hands of the county 

 magistrates. The livings are perpetual curacies in the archdeaconry 

 and diocese of Manchester. 



Colne is a town of considerable antiquity, although antiquaries are 

 not agreed as to the date of its origin. The town was known in tho 



