561 



COOCH BAHAR. 



COPENHAGEN. 



and commodious edifice ; the earliest parts, which are in the gothi 

 style, date from the beginning of the 14th century. The Indepen 

 dents, and the Weeleyan and Calvinistic Methodists have places o 

 worship in Conway. There are here National schools for boys am 

 girls, and a parochial lending library. 



In the river, about 100 yards from the rock on which the castli 

 stands, is an insulated rock, eastward from which, for about half a 

 mile, extend sands covered by the sea when the tide is up, but dry 

 with the exception of a narrow channel, at low water. When the 

 improvement of the communication with Ireland was under the 

 direction of parliamentary commissioners, it was determined to throw 

 a suspension-bridge from the castle rock to that in the river (between 

 which rocks is a deep and rapid tideway), and to connect the lattei 

 with the eastern shore by an embankment across the sands. Thi 

 works were begun in 1822 and finished in 1826 by Telford, thi 

 celebrated engineer. The amount of public money voted for thi 

 construction of this bridge was 40,000/. The length of the bridge 

 measured between the centres of the supporting towers, is 327 feet 

 the height of the underside of the roadway above the high water o 

 spring tides, 15 feet ; the embankment, which is of mountain clay 

 faced with stone, ia 2015 feet in length, and averages 9 feet in heighi 

 above the high water of spring tides, rising to 13 feet at the end nexi 

 the bridge : the width of the base at the highest part is 300 feet, the 

 breat li at the top 30 feet. The spring tides in the Conway rise 2] 

 to 24 feet. Near this bridge is the wrought-iron tubular bridge, 

 constructed in 1848 by Mr. Robert Stephensom the engineer of the 

 larger work on the same principle, the Britannia bridge, over the 

 Menai Strait. Both of these works form part of the line of the Chester 

 and Holy head railway. The Conway tubular bridge coat 110,0000. 

 The length of the tube is 400 feet. Its height above high-water mark 

 is 18 feet. The line of railway runs immediately under that 

 portion of the castle wall on which is the broken tower mentioned 

 above. 



The town and trade of Conway have been considerably improved 

 since Telford built the suspension-bridge. Ship-building hag been 

 carried on to some extent, and several large vessels have been built. 

 The harbour is convenient. Timber and slate are exported. The 

 market-day is Friday ; fairs are held on March 26th, April 30th, June 

 20th, August 10th, September 16th, October 20th, and November 

 15th. Conway w considered, as a place of residence, favourable to 

 health. Numerous lodging-houses are here for the accommodation 

 of visiters frequenting the town for sea bathing during the Hummer. 

 Pearl oysters have been found in the river Conway, near the town. 



(Parry, Cambrian Mirror ; The Land We Lire In, vol. iii. ; Com- 

 munication from Conway.) 



COOCH BAHAR, or COOCH BEHAR, a principality occupying 

 the north-east extremity of the province of Bengal, and lying between 

 26 and 26 W N. lat., and between 88 52' and 89 52' E. long. 

 This principality, which once formed the western division of the 

 ancient kingdom of Camroop, hag long been in a state of absolute 

 dependence on the English government. The revenue is about 

 13,2002. a year, of which one-half is paid to the British government 

 in name of tribute. The extreme length of the principality from east 

 to werft is 60 miles, and its mean breadth about 22 miles ; the area is 

 1364 square miles. The population of the principality is estimated 

 at about 140,000. 



The distinctive name, Cooch, has been given in order to mark 

 the difference between this principality and the province of BAHAR. 

 This name, Cooch, U derived from that given to the majority of the 

 inhabitants. Many of the Cooch tribes have relinquished the practices 

 of their ancestors and have adopted the Brahminical faith ; while 

 others who inhabit the northern quarter of the principality, near to 

 the frontier of Bootan, continue rude and barbarous in their habits. 

 The southern parts of the principality are much improved by culture, 

 and are of considerable fertility ; but in the north the country is low 

 and marshy, and contains abundance of thick jungle. A considerable 

 quantity of opium is produced, as well as indigo, and some cotton. 

 Wheat is cultivated, and a little barley. Trade between the princi- 

 pality and the adjoining British territory is perfectly free, and the 

 people have also commercial dealings with Asam and Bootan. The 

 sovereign of this country is described in the Ayin Akbari as having 

 been a powerful chief, having Asam and the whole kingdom of 

 Camroop under his sway, his territory being bounded E. by the 

 Brahmaputra River, S. by Gorhaghaut, W. by Tirhoot, and N. by the 

 Tibet Mountains. This country was conquered by the Moguls about 

 the year 1660. In 1772, when the East India Company had succeeded 

 to the rights of the Mogul emperor, the raja of Cooch Buhar applied 

 to the collector of Rungpoor for protection against the attacks of the 

 Bootaners, by whom he had been reduced to great extremities. 

 The raja offered to pay an annual tribute to the English, equal to one- 

 half of hig revenue, which offer being accepted, a British force was 

 despatched to his assistance, and the Bootaners were made to retire 

 precipitately. The tribute having fallen into arrear once and again, 

 and at last in 1813 the affairs of the district having fallen into 

 confusion, and the country being in a state of anarchy, a resident 

 English commissioner wag appointed by the Governor-General. The 

 raja was compelled to dismiss his ministers, and to appoint others on 

 the nomination of the English government, and a system of criminal 

 oioo. DIV. VOL. ii. 



jurisprudence was established, which was administered through the 

 agency of the British commissioner. 



(Ayin-i-Akbari ; Rennell, Memoir of a Map of Hindustan ; Mill, 

 History of British India.) 



COOK. [WALES, NEW SOUTH.] 



COOKHAM, Berkshire, a village, formerly a market-town, and the 

 seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish and hundred of Cook'ham, is 

 situated on the right bank of the Thames, in 51 30' N. lat., 42' 

 W. long., distant 28 miles W. by N. from London. The living is a 

 vicarage in the archdeaconry of Berks and diocese of Oxford. Cook- 

 ham Poor-Law Union contains 7 parishes and townships, with an area 

 of 30,430 acres, and a population in 1851 of 11,768. Further particu- 

 lars respecting Cookham will be found under BERKSHIRE. 



COOKSTOWN, county of Tyrone, Ireland, a post-town and the seat 

 of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Derrylaran and barony of Dun- 

 gannon, is situated in 54 39' N. lat., 6 45' W. long., 109 miles N. by 

 W. from Dublin, and 14 miles N. from Dungannon. The population 

 in 1851 was 2993, exclusive of 296 persons in the Union workhouse. 

 Cookstown Poor-Law Union comprises 16 electoral divisions, with an 

 area of 96,478 acres, and a population in 1851 of 38,740. 



The town consists of one very long and wide street, occupying the 

 line of the leading road from Armagh northward to Coleraine and 

 Londonderry. A double row of trees gives the street the character of 

 a mall. The public buildings are a neat market-house, sessions court- 

 house, linen-hall, parish church, two Presbyterian meeting-houses, 

 and the Union workhouse. There is a considerable trade in linens. 

 Killymoon castle, in the vicinity, is a handsome edifice in the gothic 

 style, from designs by Nash. The plantations which adorn the 

 demesne give additional inten.-st to the appearance of the town. The 

 Ballinderry river runs through the Killymoon grounds. 



COORG, or CADUGA, a small principality which occupies the 

 eastern part of the mountain range called the Western Ghauts, and 

 extends from the Tamberacherry Pass, on the south, in 11 25' N. lat., 

 76 20' E. long., to the river Hennavutty, on the confines of Bedune, 

 on the north, in 12 42' N. lat. The greatest length is about 70 miles, 

 and the mean breadth about 22 miles. It is bounded N. by Canara 

 and Mysore, W. and S. by the province of Malabar, and E. by Mysore. 



The country presents a succession of hills and valleys, enjoys a 

 temperate climate, and has a fertile soil ; in many parts it is well 

 cultivated, in others it is overrun with jungle, which is the resort of 

 wild elephants and many beasts of prey : some considerable forests also 

 occur, and from these a good deal of sandal-wood is obtained. The 

 Tuugha and Bhadra, which after their junction are called the Tooni- 

 buddra, and the Cavery, have their sources in the Coorg country. 

 Rice is produced in sufficient abundance to allow of exportation to 

 Mysore. Considerable quantities of cardamom-seeds are raised and 

 exported. There is abundance of excellent pasture, on which great 

 numbers of cattle are reared. The manufactures of the country are 

 confined to a coarse kind of blanket. Periapatain, in 12 22' N. lat., 

 76 11' E. long., was formerly the capital of the principality, but its 

 proximity to the Mysore territory occasioned it to be abandoned in 

 favour of Mercara, which is now the residence of the raja and the seat 

 of his government. This town stands surrounded by an amphitheatre 

 of hills, in 12 26' N. lat., 75 30' E. long. The fort is a pentagon, 

 with towers and bastions ; within this ia the raja's palace, which is 

 Handsomely furnished in the European style. Coorg was ceded to the 

 British in full sovereignty in 1834. The raja of Coorg brought hia 

 daughter to England in 1853, for the purpose of having her instructed 

 in the Christian religion. She was received by the Queen, and the 

 duty of superintending the young lady's education was committed to 

 a person approved by her Majesty. At the raja's request his daughter 

 wan baptised according to the mode of the Church of England. 



COOTEHILL, county of Cavan, Ireland, a post-town and the Beat 

 of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Drumgoon and barony of Tul- 

 aghgarvey, is situated in 54 5' N. lat., 7 3' W. long., 73 miles N.N.W. 

 rom Dublin. The population in 1851 was 2105, besides 1101 in the 

 Jnion workhouse and other public institutions. Cootehill Poor-Law 

 Jnion comprises 19 electoral divisions, with an area of 105,848 acres, 

 and a population in 1851 of 44,333. 



Cootehill lies on the road from Kingscourt to Clones, and has four 

 rincipal streets, which are wide and substantially built. It contains 

 a neat church, besides chapels for Roman Catholics, Presbyterians, 

 ilethodists, Moravians, and Quakers. There is here a brisk trade in 

 inens, and a largo market for agricultural produce. The town stands 

 it the western extremity of a series of lakes which are navigable for 

 he greater part of the distance (7 miles) hence to Ballybay. The 

 neighbourhood is well cultivated, aud adorned with numerous demesnes 

 and mansions. Quarter sessions for the county aru held at Cootehill. 

 ?here are here a bridewell, a dispensary, and a station of the consta- 

 bulary force. A fair is held on the second Friday in each month. 



COPENHAGEN (Kjijbenhavn, ' Merchants' Haven '), the metropolis 

 if the kingdom of Denmark, is situated partly on the east coast of the 

 sland of Sixland, at the southern extremity of the Sound, which ia 

 lere about 14 miles broad, and partly on the northern coast of the 

 mall island of Amager or Amak, in 55 40' N. lat., 12 34' E. long., 

 nd had a population of 129,695 in 1850. The city is about 8 miles 

 a circumference ; in this space are included the harbour and docks, 

 t is divided into three principal districts the Old Town, or Aldetadt, 



