COPENHAGEN. 



COPENHAGEN. 



the New Town, or Fredericlutedt, and Chriitianahavn on the Ule of 

 Ainak. Tlu-c three quarters are mirrouuded by rampart* and ditches, 

 and defended by 84 bastion*, bnide* outwork*, and toward, the MM 

 on the north-east by a very strong citadel called Frederickshavn, 

 which it a regular polygon, with five bastion*, and is joined to the city 

 by an esplanade. Without the wal' there are three suburbs. The 

 city i divided into 18 quarter*, and couUiiu 10 public square*, 6 

 market-placets 3 royal palace*, 9 parochial and Mveral other churches, 

 a Roman Catholic chapel, S synagogues, S theatres, eeveral hospitals, 

 a fouutlling asylum, and SO pool-house*. With the exception of come 

 of the public buildings the architeoture of the city is entirely devoid 

 of beauty. The hoiuee are built of brick and stucco in the plainest 

 and most uninteresting style. Nevertheless its aspect on emerging 

 from the narrow entrance into the port, which is capable of containing 

 500 merchant Teasel* beside* the whole Danish navy, is grand and 

 striking. The city is entered by four gates, one of which is on the 

 isle of Amak. The ramparta of the town and citadel are planted with 

 trees, and form pretty walks. The entrance to the harbour is defended 

 by the Trekrooer battery. 



The Aldstsdt, the most western quarter, U separated from the New 

 Town by a canal and by a street called Gothers Gade, which com- 

 mences at the city walls a little east of the North Gate, and runs 

 nearly north and south to the ' Stri'mmier,' or channel that separates 

 the island of Seeland from that of Amak. The Aldatadt U united to 

 Christianshavn by a drawbridge near the exchange. It consists for 

 the most part of narrow winding streets ; it comprises however the 

 Castle Island, on which stand the Christianborg palace, the exchange, 

 the bank, and Tborwaldsen's museum. In this quarter also are the 

 university and several of the finest churches, and the Gammel and Nyo- 

 Torv, or Old and New Market a large open space near the West Gate, 

 on one side of which is the Raadhuus, a plain building, in which the 

 courts of justice are held. The royal palace of Christianborg, originally 

 built by Christian VI. between 1782 and 1740, was burnt down in 1795, 

 but has been since rebuilt on a vast scale. The principal facade in 

 the Slots-Plads, or Palace-square, is remarkable chiefly for its great 

 din., iii-ions and for the four bas-reliefs of Thorwaldsen over the 

 entrance, representing Minerva and Prometheus, Hercules and Hebe, 

 Jupiter and Nemesis, and ^Eaculapius and Hygeia. The Riddenal, 

 or bnnquetting-hall, in this palace is unequalled in Europe for the 

 grandeur of its proportions. The apartments are decorated with 

 paintings, friezes, and sculpture* by Danish artists. In the entrance- 

 hall is the Triumphal March of Alexander into Babylon, by Thor- 

 waldscn. In connection with the palace are royal galleries of paintings; 

 the royal chapel ; a supreme court of justice ; a library, in which are 

 400,000 volumes and above 15,000 manuscripts ; a valuable collection 

 of above 30,000 engravings; an arsenal, in which arms from the 

 earliest period to the present time are arranged in chronological 

 order ; and a Museum of Northern Antiquities, which contains very 

 numerous specimens beautifully arranged in periods designated from 

 the material of which the antiquities are made stone, flint, bronze, 

 iron, Ac. On the north side of the palace stands the Thorwaldsen 

 Museum (a handsome building surmounted by a colossal statue of Fame), 

 which contains cai-li of all the works of that great master, and several 

 marble statues presented by him to his native city. The other remark- 

 able buildings in this quarter are Vor Frue Kirke (Our Lady's 

 church), which was almost destroyed during the bombardment of the 

 city in 1807, but has been since completely restored, and ornamented 

 with many of the works of Tlmrwaldsen, who was buried in this 

 church ; the Helliggeistes Kirke (Church of the Holy Ghost) ; Trinity 

 church, on the top of whose singularly-constructed round tower 

 (which is 1 16 feet high) an observatory is erected ; and the University, 

 which was founded in 1478 by Christian I. This university is 

 attended bv about 1100 students, and has a library of 100,000 volumes, 

 which are kept in the upper part of Trinity church, a collection of 

 manuscripts relative to northern and Icelandic history, a museum of 

 northern antiquities, a botanical garden, a cabinet of natural history, 

 a theatre of anatomy, ftc. In the Kongen's Nye-Torv (King's New 

 Mullet) an irregular space of great extent nearly in the centre 

 -nhsgen, above twelve of the principal streets meet ; in one of 

 them, the Oster Uade, are the best shops in the capital On the south 

 aide of the Torv is the palace of Charlottenborg, a huge, desolate- 

 looking banding, which WB given to the Academy of Arts in 1788 : 

 t contains a gallery of cute from the antique. The grounds of the 

 palace bare been converted into a botanical garden. To the we*t of the 

 palace is the principal theatre. In the centre of the Torv is a colossal 

 equestrian sUtue of Christian V., made of lead, and of little merit 



The New Town is the most eastern quarter of the city ; the southern 

 part of it, called Kredorickiitadt, is the finest portion, but the whole ol 

 It is laid out in broad and regular street*, some of which however are 

 unfinished. Here U the Castle of RoMoborg, In which are deposited 

 the crown jewel*, a beautiful collection of object* of art, arms and 

 costumes belonging to Danish kings, and a cabinet of coins and medal* 

 The oaitl* gardens, which are extensive, are embellished with statues, 

 and form a public promenade. The Castle of Rosenborg was erected 

 in 1004, some *ay from a design by Inigo Jones. It is an irregular 

 gothic structure, built of red brick, with a high pointed roof, am 

 flanked by four tower*. It originally stood without the walls, an< 

 was fortified : its defences have disappeared since the extension ol 



the city walls in 1608. The Riddenal, the most spacious room in the 

 cattle, I* lined with tapestry representing the battles of Christian V. 

 Fredericks Plada, ofte of the fine*t open place* in the New Town, 

 a circus divided into four equal portion* by four street* v. 

 1111 through it The circus is inclosed by four palaces, two of \vhiuh 

 are inhabited by the king and the othors by members of the royal 

 amily. In the centre of the circus U a metal equestrian statue 

 of Frederick V., mounted on a pedestal of white Italian marble, 

 between the circus and the citadel are the Almindelig and Frederick 

 hospital* ; the latter face* the Bred Gade, in which are the Roman 

 Catholic chapel and the garrison church. The Frederick church , which 

 was commenced on a grand scale, ha* been long left in an unfinished 

 state. Between the gardens of the castle of Rosenberg and the city 

 walla are extensive range* of barracks ; and a little way outside the 

 tern gate is the naval cemetery, in which is a monolithic otvclisk of 

 Norwegian marble, erected in honour of those who fell in defence of 

 the city on the 2nd of April, 1801. 



The third division of Copenhagen is Christiaunhavn, situated on the 

 sland of Amsger, and united to the town by two bridges. The narrow 

 arm of the sea which separates Amager from Seehuid form* an admir- 

 able harbour, which is the great naval station of Denmark. In this 

 quarter, which presents regular well-built streets and handsome squares, 

 is Vor Frelsers Kirke (Our Saviour's church), the finest in Copenhagen, 

 surmounted by a tower, 288 feet in height ; and the warehouses of the 

 Danish East India Company. In this direction are situated the two 

 smaller islands, Frederiks Holm and Nye Holm, which are united by 

 a bridge, and contain the stores, dockyard, alipa, and arsenals of the 

 leet, &c. On the island of Amager is the Amager Torv, which i* used 

 as a fish and vegetable market, and presents an attractive sight ; the 

 Amagers (descendant* of a Dutch or Frisian colony, settled here in 

 1516 by Christian II.) retaining still their original Friesland costume. 



The Royal Museum of Natural History in the Storm Gade contains 

 extensive collections of shells and minerals ; it is peculiarly rich in 

 insects, comprising those of Brazil, the East Indie*, the Cape of Good 

 Hope, and Europe. It possesses also a great variety of birds, fishes, 

 and reptiles. In the miiieralogical collection is the famous Kongsberg 

 mass of silver, 6 feet long, 2 feet broad, and 8 inches thick, as it was 

 taken out of the Norwegian mine. Outside the west gate, in the suburb 

 of Vesterbro, is the Muerekabs Theater, the favourite theatre of the 

 humbler classes ; and near it the Tivoli gardens, the most fashionable 

 place of resort in summer. Near the west gate, also on the road to 

 the Roeskilde railway, is a column of Bornholme stone, called the 

 Statue of Liberty,' and erected in 1788 in commemoration of the 

 abolition of feudal servitude by Christian VII. On its sides ar 

 blematical bas-reliefs and inscriptions. About half a mile from the 

 west gate is the Palace of Frederick sberg, situated upon an eminence 

 which commands splendid land and sea views. The grounds are laid 

 out iu the English style, and open to the public. A beautiful v 

 shaded by noble chestnut* and lime-tree*, and about a mile in length, 

 leads from the Vesterbro suburb to the entrance of the park, an- 1 ix 

 lined on both rides with pretty villas and tea-gardens. Outside the 

 north gate is the principal cemetery, which is laid out like a garden, 

 and is a favourite walking place with the townspeople. To the north 

 of the city a road runs along the Sound, affording views of the 

 Swedish coast and of the Sale of Hveen, with the ruins of Tycho 

 Brake'* observatory, Uranienborg, upon it. On the land side are many 

 pretty villas and an extensive forest, called Dyrhave, or Deerpark, 

 which is much frequented by the Danes in summer. 



Copenhagen U the seat of the metropolitan bishop of Denmark. It 

 contains 22 hospitals, a naval hospital, and other benevolent r 

 tions for human infirmities. Besides the libraries already named the 

 city possesses the CUscensche library in the Amalie Uade, containing 

 above 40,000 volume*. Among the establishments for lu.:lu-r educa- 

 tion are the Military High school and the Polytechnic school. The 

 |.rinc-i|l learned societies are the Royal Academy, the Socii ' 

 Promoting Northern History and Languages, a Society of National 

 Economy, Societies for Icelandic Literature and for Northern Anti- 

 quities, and several reading clubs, some of which have good libraries. 



The chief source of employment for the population of Copenhagen 

 U commerce and navigation, which are greatly promoted by the East 

 India Company and various commercial associations. In the harbour 

 there 1* a depth of 17 or 18 feet, and vessels load or unload alongside 

 the quays. The anchorage in the roads outside the boom is also good 

 and safe. By means of canals large ships reach the warehouses and 

 the centre of the city. The harbour of Copenhagen is the station for 

 the naval force of Denmark ; in connection with the naval harbour are, 

 a cannon foundry, naval arsenal, and shipbuilding docks. Including 

 the foreign, colonial, and coasting trade, about 4000 vessels of all 

 site* enter and clear out of the harbour annually. The imports com- 

 prise timber, pitch, and tar from Sweden and Norway ; II. ix, hemp, 

 mast*, nil-cloth, and cordage from Russia ; coffee, sugar, ami other 

 West India produce ; tobacco from America ; wine nn<l Immdy from 

 France ; coal, earthenware, iron, steel, salt, and manufactured goods 

 from England. In the year 1849 the importation of coffee amounted 

 to 9,510,811 Ibs. ; sugar, 19,477,2m Ibs. ; tobacco, 1,944, 166 Ibs. ; wool, 

 892,706 Ibs. ; train-oil, 10,580 casks; fish-fat, 4816 casks. These 

 article* also enter into the exports. The exports consist chiefly of 

 agricultural produce corn, rape-seed, oil-cake (of which 13,738 casks 



