HI 



COPPERMINE RIVER. 



CORDOVA. 



were exported in 1849), butter, cheese, beef, pork, horses, cattle, wool, 

 hides, skins, bones, grain spirits, &c. Copenhagen has a great number 

 of spirit distilleries, several breweries, vinegar distilleries, sugar 

 refineries, soap-boilers' works, manufactories of tobacco, cloth, cotton 

 goods, hats, gloves, linen, cordage, and silk ; numerous tanneries, iron- 

 foundries, &c., and a royal china manufactory, in which the choicest 

 of Thorwaldsen's designs are reproduced in bisque china. General 

 trade has rather declined, principally in consequent of Altona being 

 a free port, and of the high port charges at Copenhagen. A railroad, 

 15 miles in length, connects the city with Roeskilde. There is a 

 railway also with electro-telegraphic wires to Elsinore. 



Copenhagen was founded by Bishop Axel in 1168, when it was only 

 a poor hamlet of fishermen ; but as a town Copenhagen dates only 

 from the 13th century, and as a city only since 1443, when, having 

 been much enlarged, it received municipal privileges and became the 

 royal residence. Previously the capital of Denmark was Roeskilde. 

 In the winter of 1658-9 it successfully withstood a long siege by 

 Charles XII. of Sweden. On the 2nd of April 1801 Lord Nelson 

 gained here a great naval victory over the Danish fleet, the effect of 

 which victory compelled Denmark to abandon the alliance with Napo- 

 leon against England. Copenhagen was bombarded by the British 

 army under Lord Cathcart in 1807, when vast injury was done to the 

 cd a large number of the townspeople were killed. The city 

 on tli < occasion capitulated, and all the ships and military stores were 

 conveyed to England, in order to prevent their being of service to 

 Napoleon in furtherance of his design of invading England. 



The climate is damp and unhealthy ; the water is bad ; and the 

 mortality is said to be greater than in any other town in Denmark. 



COPPERMINE RIVER is a river in North America, which falls 

 into the Arctic Ocean. It rises in a rocky country, near 65 N. lat., 

 112 W. long., where a series of lakes unite and form the river. The 

 river first runs nearly due north, until it has passed 66 30' N. lat., 

 when it turns west and flows along the foot of a rocky but not high 

 cliiin of mountains. Having attained 116 30' W. long., it turns 

 abruptly north, and breaking through the mountains continues its 

 course in a northern direction to its mouth, 65 50' N. lat., and near 

 116 W. long. Its whole course may be about 300 miles. It contains 

 numerous rapids, but none which form insuperable difficulties to 

 canoes and boats which descend the river. The mouth of this river 

 was the first place on the coast of the Arctic Sea of America which 

 Was visited by Europeans. (Franklin and Richardson.) 



COQUIMBO. [CHILL] 



CORBRIDQE. [NoBTHtJMBEBLAND.] 

 CORBY. [LINCOLNSHIRE.] 



CORCYRA. [IONIAN ISLANDS.] 



CORDOVA, or CORDOBA, a province of Spain included in the 

 great territorial division of Andalucia, is bounded N. by the modern 

 province of Ciudad Real (La Mancha), N.W. by the modern province 

 of ISadajoz in Estremadura, S.W. by the province of Sevilla, and E. 

 by the province of Jaen. It is situated between 37 13' and 88 87' 

 N. lat., 8 58' and 6 35' W. long. It is of a triangular form, each of 

 the three sides being from 80 to 90 miles in length. The area is 

 4160 square miles. The population in 1849 was 348,956. 



A general description of the provinces comprised in Andalucia is 

 given under that head. [ANDALUCIA.] The mountain range of the 

 Hierra Morena extends from east to west across the northern part of 

 the province of Cordova : the Montes de Granada extend into the 

 southern part, and there terminate. The Guadalquivir flows from 

 east-north-east to west-south-west across the centre of the province, 

 receiving on its northern bank, from the southern slopes of the 

 Sierra Morena, the Rio de las Leguas, the Guadamellato, the Cuzua, 

 the Guadiata, and the Bembezar. From the northern slopes of the 

 Sierra Morena the Guadalmez and Guadaramilla flow to the Guadiana. 

 The Guadajoz is the only considerable river which enters the Guadal- 

 quivir by the southern bank. 



Tomu. The city of Cordova is the capital of the province. [CoR- 

 DOVA.] Alcolea, 9 miles E.N.E. from Cordova, is a small town on the 

 northern bank of the Guadalquivir, which is here crossed by a fine 

 bridge of black marble. Baena, 25 miles S.E. from Cordova, occupies 

 the side of a conical elevation, the summit of which is crowned by a 

 castle once the property of Gonzalo de Cordova, the ' Great Captain.' 

 The town has a good plaza, and contains two churches. The popu- 

 lation in 1845 was 12,944. The neighbourhood is very fertile. About 

 six miles northward a solitary farm-house marks the site of the 

 Castrum Priscum of the Romans, a town of some note in ancient 

 Many cinerary urns and other Roman antiquities have been 

 1 1 in the vicinity. Cabra, 30 miles S.S.E. from Cordova, is a 

 rich agricultural town, surrounded with gardens. It is a tortuous 

 place, situated between two hills, but the streets on the level ground 

 are handsome, and are cleansed by running water. The plaza is 

 irregular, but striking. It has a college, and manufactures of bricks, 

 tiles, Unt-n, and soap. The population in 1845 was 11,576. Caetro- 

 del-Kio, 18 miles 8.K. from <',,nl>iva, contains three or four churches, 

 and has manufactures of wool and hemp. Population 9000. Fuente- 

 ' "p-VVtll), 4f> miles N.W. from Cordova, occupies the flat 

 summit and sides of a hill of considerable elevation on the Sierra 

 i.i. The plaza, church, and some of the buildings are on the 

 summit of the hill, but most of the houses, which are of one story, 



are on the sides of the hill, surrounded by gardens and vineyards, 

 and bounded by walls and other defences, leaving the base of the hill 

 entirely open. The wells which give name to the place are at the 

 bottom of the hill, on the western side : population about 6000. 

 Hinojosa, 45 miles N.N.W. from Cordova, has wide streets, with very 

 small houses, generally of one story, white-washed, and very clean and 

 neat. Each house has a garden or small court. It is a Moorish town, 

 and has a population of about 8000. Lncena, 33 miles S.E. from 

 Cordova, and 3 miles S. from Cabra, is an agricultural town, chiefly 

 inhabited by a rural population and provincial gentry. It is ill-paved, 

 most of the houses are in a dilapidated state, and the kennels are in 

 a filthy condition. It has manufactures of coarse cloths and pottery. 

 The population in 1845 was 16,665. Mantilla, 20 miles S. from 

 Cordova, is a well-built town on a hill-side. It contains two parish 

 churches, and has manufactures of coarse linens and earthenware. 

 There are also oil-mills, and the town is celebrated as having been 

 the birthplace of Gonzalo de Cordova, the ' Great Captain,' and for 

 the wine made in the neighbourhood : the population in 1845 was 

 13,224. Montoro, 26 miles.E.N.E. from Cordova, stands on the south 

 bank of the Guadalquivir, which almost encircles the town. There is 

 here a good bridge over the river. The town is tolerably well-built, 

 and has several fountains. There are manufactures of woollens and 

 earthenware. The population in 1845 was 10,732. Palma, 30 miles 

 S.W. from Cordova, stands in a plain on the southern bank of the 

 Guadalquivir, and near the mouth of the Jenil (Xenil). There 

 are several oil-mills : population, 6500. Rambla, 23 miles S. from 

 Cordova, and 6 miles W. from Montilla, stands on a hill, in a country 

 very fertile in grain, wine, and oil. It has manufactures of woollens 

 and of coarse pottery, especially the porous vessels for cooling water 

 called 'alcarrazas.' Population, 9000. 



(Ford, Handbook of Spain ; Widdrington, Spain and the Spainards 

 in 1843 ; Murray, Cities and Wilds of Andalucia; Madoz, Diccionario 

 de Eepanat.) 



CORDOVA, a city of Spain, capital of the province of Cordova, is 

 situated on the right or northern bank of the Guadalquivir, in 37 

 62' N. lat., 4 45' W. long.; 80 miles N.E. from Sevilla, and 180 miles 

 S.S.W. from Madrid. The population in 1845 was 41,976. The 

 bridge which here crosses the Guadalquivir was originally built by 

 the Romans, and the foundations are Roman, but the bridge itself, 

 formed of 16 stone arches, and was constructed by the Moors. The 

 city stands on a gentle declivity, and is sheltered to the north and 

 north-east by the summits and ridges of the Sierra Morena. It is 

 inclosed by high walls flanked by square towers, and was formerly 

 entered by several gates, most of which are now walled up. The 

 walls and towers were built by the Moors on Roman foundations, and 

 inclose a large area, much of which is now occupied by gardens or by 

 ruins, and there is one large plaza surrounded by handsome houses. 

 The rest of the city is a mass of narrow streets and alleys, very 

 gloomy, and by no means clean. The public buildings consist of the 

 cathedral, 13 parish churches, many convents, most of which are now 

 applied to secular uses, a bishop's palace with fine gardens, a palace 

 of the Moorish sovereigns now converted into stables for a royal stud 

 of horses, a city-hall, a lyceum, three colleges, a theatre, and several 

 hospitals. 



The Cathedral of Cordova is one of the most extraordinary p'uces 

 of worship in the world. It was originally a Moorish mosque, 

 founded by Abd-el-Rahman I. in 786, and completed by his son 

 Hixam in 794. The shape is quadrangular, the length being 394 feet 

 from east to west, and 356 feet from north to south. The exterior is 

 castellated and gloomy, with square buttress-towers, and with a belfry- 

 tower similar to the Giraldaof the cathedral of Sevilla ; and there is a 

 court adjoining it, now called the Patio de los Naranjos (Court of the 

 Oranges), which is also similar to the one which adjoins the cathedral 

 of Sevilla, but larger: it is 430 feet long by 210 feet wide, and hns 

 colonnades on three sides with fountains in the centre, and is planted 

 with orange-trees and cypresses. The interior of the cathedral 

 presents at first sight somewhat the appearance of a marble grove, 

 the roof, which is only 35 feet high, being supported by a vast 

 number of slender pillars, delicately wrought, with Corinthian capi- 

 tals, and shafts of various-coloured marbles, and of jasper, porphyry, 

 and other materials, so arranged as to form 29 aisles from east to west, 

 and 19 from north to south. The pillars were obtained from Christian 

 churches in different parts of the world where the Moslems had made 

 conquests. The number of pillars is said to have been originally 

 1200, but a great many of them were taken away when the Christians, 

 in order to convert the mosque into a cathedral, cleared an open 

 space for a choir, and constructed a dome. The number of pillars 

 still remaining is upwards of 860. The choir was begun in 1523, and 

 completed in 1593. There are a number of chapels at the sides of 

 the cathedral, of which the moat interesting is the Capilla de la Villa 

 Viciosa, originally the Maskurah, or seat of the kalif, now generally 

 called by the Spaniards the Zdncarron, which name has reference to 

 the heel-bone of the foot of Mahomet having been shown here as a relic. 



The streets of Cordova seem now to be almost deserted. It was 

 always celebrated for its silversmiths, who came originally from 

 Damascus, and some of the profession still continue to work in the 

 chased filigree style. The peculiar leather called from the town 

 Cordovan (Cordwain) was once celebrated, but the Moors carried their 



