en 



CORINTH. 



CORK. 



67! 



r ipUodour of the city. (Pausan., ii. 1, f 7.) Then now remains 

 of ancient Corinth seven columns of a Dock) temple, probably the 

 oldest existing specimen at that style, an amphitheatre, and some 

 Boman brickwork oa the northern aide of the bazaar of the modern 

 town. 



The colonies of Corinth were Tory numerous ; with the exception 

 of the colony that founded Potidaa on the coast of Uhalcidiot, they 

 were all lent out from Leoharam, and confined to the seas west of 

 the isthmus. (Huller, ' Dorians,' i. 6, | 7.) The moat celebrated were 

 Syracuse and Corey rv 



Its wealth and the oonflaenoe of merohanti from all parU faroured 

 everything which ministered to the gratification of the Mnsea ; and 

 both architecture and the other fine art* were, according to the teeti- 

 any of the ancient*, successfully cultirated in thU wealthy emporium. 

 (Pindar, ' Olymp.,' xiiL 25-31.) The citizens were addicted to luxury 

 and sensual indulgence. The patron goddess of the city was Aphro- 

 dite, who had a splendid temple on the Aerooorinthus, where more 

 than a thousand females under the name of Hieroduli, or temple- 

 slaves, were kept for the service of stranger* as a regular part of 

 the worship of the goddess. In no other part of Oreeoe is this 

 institution of liieroduli found to have existed : it was moet probably 

 established by the Phoenicians. The courtesans of Corinth were so 

 exorbitant in their demands and obtained such high sums as often to 

 ruin the merchants who visited the city. This circumstance gave rise 

 to an ancient proverb. (Strata, viii. 378 ; Horat, 'Ep.' I., xvii. 36.) 



The only fertile part of the Corinthian territory was the plain 

 between the city and Sioyon, which partly belonged to the latter. The 

 rocky aides of the mountains, and the stony and sandy plain of the 

 isthmus, were unsuited for growing corn. The fountain Peirene, on 

 the Acrooorinthus, ws celebrated by the poets (Strabo, p. 379) ; but in 

 the time of Hadrian the inhabitants were so little satisfied with the 

 springs in the town, that they induced the emperor to supply them 

 with water from the Stymphalus by means of an aqueduct 20 miles 

 long. Corinth is now a small town of 2000 inhabitants, who carry on 

 a small export trade in dried fruits, wheat, oil, honey, and wax from 

 the port in the Bay of Corinth or Gulf of Lepanto. The modern 

 name of the town, dvriho, is a corruption of the ancient name of the 

 city. (Leake, 'Korea,' iii. 263.) The territory of Corinth united 

 with Argolis, now forms a nome or department of the kingdom of 

 Greece. The total population of the nome in 1852 was 106,248. 



According to the fable, Bellerophon caught the winged hone, Pegu- 

 BUS, while drinking at the fountain of Peirene. Pegasus appears 

 on the coins of Connth and some of its colonies. 



Coins of Corinth. 



BritUa Muwnn. Actual Sin. Silver. Weight, old coin, 11 1 grains ; the 

 otMr, 192 trains. 



The /wA.w / Coring is a rocky sterile plain. On the northern 

 side of it rue the mountains anciently called UeraneU. and extemlmi; 

 aorosa the Isthmus from am to sea. The mountains to the south of 

 the Isthmus were called Oneion, which extend to the Saronio Gulf 

 Mtward; but the Acrocorinthus, an onset from it (separated 

 E* i t? ow ' T * r ,** ' r Tin ). does not reach the sea on the western 

 J T I n Pce between the foot of the mountain 

 ad the sea, which was crossed by the long walls of the Lectueum. 

 Bettdea the ravin, already mentioned, the only other paas by which 

 Connth could be reached was along the shore at CenohreeT Thus the 

 bug wall, of U Ucharum, the Acrocorinthus with Ite citadel, and 

 * * U C"**"** npl*Jy commanded the only three passes 



* P**""". I" the mounted. 



. . 



L!I i-^r* ?? p-> * > "* mo " t < ub -< of which, 



M Ufa* the .hort-t road from Corinth to Meg^ l ioi Jong the 

 abore o? the Saronic OuH and bore UM name of the Scyronian 



I locks. 



CORK, a maritime county of UM province of Monster, and the 

 largest county in Ireland, lias between 61' 27' and 82' 16' N. lat, and 

 T 45' and 10* IS' W. long. lu greatwrt length from Youghal on the 

 east to the mouth at the Keniuare River on the west, is 110 mile* 

 and its greatest breadth from UM Old Head of Kiusale open the south' 

 to CharlevUle on UM north, is 70 milea. It is bounded N. by the 



counties of Limerick aud Tipperary, K by the county of Waterford, 

 S. by the Atlantic Ocean, anil W. by the county of Kerry. The area 

 comprises 1,846,838 acres, of which 1,308,682 are arable, 466,888 

 uncultivated, 62,180 in plantations, 6616 in towns, and 12,867 under 

 water. The indentations of the coast from Youghal to Keumare give 

 a coast Hue of about 200 milea. The population of the county. < 

 aive of the city of Cork, in 1841 was 77a,3W8 ; in 1851 it waa .' 



Surface, Jlydruyraphy, L'ommunicaliviu. The chief mountain 

 groups in Cork county may be considered aa ofnwts of the main ridge 

 which separates Cork from Kerry. This ridge, the southern ext : 

 of which separates Bantry Bay from the river of Keumare, runs north- 

 north-east and south-south-wes^ and on the aide towards Cork sends 

 off numerous lateral elevations. Of these the two chief are the ranges 

 north and south of the valley of the Lee, which river divides UM 

 county into two nearly equal portions. The southern ridge running 

 through the peninsula between Bantry Bay and the asstuary of the 

 Kenmare River, is distinguished by the names of the Glengariif, Calia, 

 and Slieve Miskiak, among which the most celebrated summits are 

 the Sugarloaf, and Hungry Hill, with ita magnificent cascade. The 

 northern and most extensive rouge consists of the almost continuous 

 groups of the Huskerry, Boggra, and N ogles Mountains, and stretches 

 in A uniform direction from the Kerry boundary on one side of ti.. 

 county, to within a few miles of the borders of Waterford on t in- 

 other. The principal elevation in this line i* Cahirbarna, 2234 feet, 

 near the boundary of Kerry. The Sheliy group, which forn 

 southern boundary of the baaiu of the Lee, runs a much shorter dis- 

 tance from tho main ridge ; but the upland country of Kinalmeaky, 

 into which it subsides, prolongs the elevation in a line parallel to the 

 direction of the Boggra range across the entire extent of the c> 

 from Dunmanway on the west to the high grounds above Cork and 

 Paasage on the east. Shehy Mountain has an elevation of 1766 feet. 

 North and south of this central valley are the districts which form 

 the basins of the Blackwater and the Bandon; the former included 

 between the mountains of Limerick aud Tipperary, and the Boggra 

 groups ; and the latter between the Shehy range and those elevations 

 which rise southward towards the sea-coast. These three principal 

 valleys are nearly symmetrically situated, aud their respective rivers 

 run very nearly parallel to one another. The bogs and waste lauds 

 lie among the mountain groups described ; the remainder of the 

 is well tilled and productive, particularly along the bunks and between 

 the embouchures of the rivers. 



Beginning from the east, the harbour of Youghal has a tolerable 

 anchorage in six fathoms water without the bar, where vessels may 

 wait the tide, which gives 20 feet of water on the bar at neaps. 

 Three leagues south is a good anchorage and uauing-ground, in 5 to 

 12 fathoms water at Ring Point From this the coast is rocky, with, 

 the exception of the extensive strand of Ballycotton Bay, to the 

 entrance of Cork harbour four leagues farther west. This harbour 

 is so commodious, says Smith, that it will admit the largest vessel 

 at any time of the tide without striking sail, and has a land-locked 

 anchorage in 10 fathoms water in some places, aud in 7 fathoms 

 water within a cable's length of the shore. On the shoalest part of 

 the bar are 80 feet of water at ebb-tide. From this westward to 

 Kinsale harbour the coast is rocky and dangerous. The harbour of 

 Kinsale baa 30 feet of water on tho bar, and anchorage within in 

 7 fathoms; but it is not so capacious as that of Cork. There is also 

 good anchorage in any depth of water on both (idea of the promon- 

 tory to the west called the Old Head of Kiusale. The Bay of < 

 macsberry, next west, is fit for vessels of 200 tons, but exposed. 

 Clonakilty harbour is encumbered with a bar, on which are only 

 2 fathoms water at full see, and vessels embayed here are in consider- 

 able danger. The harbour of Glandore has 14 to 30 feet of water in 

 its channel, and a land-locked -anchorage. CasUehaven Creek has 

 safe anchorage in 14 feet, and Baltimore Bay pretty good in fathoms. 

 Baltimore is situated on the eastern aide of an extensive bay, Iwunded 

 on the east by Cape Clear Island, and on the west by Mizeu Htuxl; it 

 contains the several minor bays of Baltimore, Roaring Water, < 

 haven and Innuhcrkin, in nil of which merchant vessels may find 

 anchorage. West from Mizen Head the Bay of Diinmaiius ritim 

 inland 12 mile* in a north-east direction, with 10 to 30 fathoms of 

 water throughout, and no bar. Bantry Bay is 40 fathonu deep at the 

 mouth, 26 miles long, and from 3 to 6 miles broad. Bear Island at 

 it* entrance protect* it from the south-westerly swell, and affords the 

 hud-locked anchorage of Berehaven in 10 to Hi fathoms water, for an 

 unlimited number of vessels. Farther up WhiiMy Inland incloses the 

 minor bay* of Bantry and Olcngnrin", the latter much celebrat. 

 the magnificence of its scenery : it is calculated t hut all the shipping 

 i>( Knrope could ride secure in this noble harbour. The boundary 

 of the county runs through the mountainous peninsula stretching 

 between Bantry Bay and the actuary of the Kenmare River. On the 

 southern shore is the town and bay of Cantletown, south-west from 

 which about 7 miles on the northern shore is the Bay of Ballydongan 

 near the copper-mines of Allihais. At the point of the peninsula is 

 Ihirsey Inland, a rocky spot, about 3| miles long by 1 mile I 



Facilities for water-carriage are confined to the coast : the inlnml 

 navigation of the Bandon is very inconsiderable ; that portion of the 

 Blaakwater which is navigable lie* in the county of Waterford ; aud 

 the traffic between Cork and UM tea is more a harbour than a river 



