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the vicinity are some remains of circular entrenchments, and numerous 

 subterranean chamber* or cellar*. Fain are held here in March, 

 May, August, September, and November. Barry** Court, formerly 

 called Castle Cloydubh, a lofty building in the square form, was 

 originally erected in the 13th century, and was a place of considerable 

 strength. In 1680 it wa* let fire to by the then proprietor, Lord 

 Barry, to prevent it falling into the hands of Captain, afterwards Sir 

 Walter Raleigh, who had orden to seize the castle. It has been 

 repaired within the last few yean, and is now inhabited. Cattlrlyont, 

 population 479, about 4 miles S. by E. from Fennoy, contains some 

 remains of a Dominican friary. The linen manufacture is carried on. 

 There are here a church and a Roman Catholic chapel Six fain are 

 held in the course of the year. Cattttmarlyr, population 1800, about 

 6 mile* E. from Midleton, once a parliamentary borough, is now 

 only a village, but has a neat appearance. In the vicinity the Earl of 

 Shannon'* demesne of Castlemartyr, with the ruins of its ancient 

 castle, its plain modern mansion, and it* extensive plantations, add 

 much to the interest of the scenery. There are also numerous villa 

 residence* in the neighbourhood. There are a fever hospital and a 

 dispensary. The market-house belongs to the Earl of Shannon. 

 Fain are held on May 2nd and October 2nd. Cattldownroche, popu- 

 lation 933, pleasantly situated on the Awbeg, 6 miles below Doneraile, 

 and 1 mile above the junction of the Awbeg with the Blackwater, 

 147 miles S.W. from Dublin by way of Buttevant, is a remarkably 

 picturesque village. The ancient castle of the Lords Roche, from 

 which it derives its name, stands on a rock rising abruptly from the 

 river, and forms a conspicuous object in the surrounding landscape. 

 It has been modernised, and is still inhabited. Petty sessions are 

 held here, and fain on May 25th, July 25th, and December 12th. 

 Edmund Burke attended the village school when a boy, his father 

 being a resident in the neighbourhood. CattUtovniena, population 

 670, a bathing village, pleasantly situated on the western shore of 

 Castlehaven, about 4 miles S.E. by E. from Skibbereen. The custom- 

 house for the port of Baltimore is at Castletownsend, and there is a 

 station of the coast guard. The parish church stands within the 

 demesne of Castletownsend, adjoining the village. Ckarlerille, popu- 

 lation 2660, besides 2274 in the workhouse, hospital, and bridewell, 

 1294 miles S.W. from Dublin by the Great Southern and Western 

 railway, on which it has a station, is a well situated, compact, thriv- 

 ing town. The principal street extends about a mile along the old 

 mail-coach road from Cork to Limerick, and is wide and neatly built 

 The Roman Catholic chapel is Urge and handsome. The town, which 

 is situated in the midst of a rich tillage country, owe* its origin to 

 Lord Broghill, son of the first Earl of Cork, who founded it as a 

 purely Protestant borough. The great majority of the inhabitants 

 are now Roman Catholics. Charleville formerly sent two members to the 

 Irish Parliament, but wa* disfranchised at the time of the Union. The 

 manufacture of blanket* and leather is carried on to a small extent 

 Petty sessions are held. There are a station of the constabulary, a 

 bridewell, a dispensary, and a fever hospital. Fairs ore held on 

 October 10th and November 12th. Ckvrchtovm, population 249, 

 reduced from 638 in 1841, situated midway between Buttevant and 

 Doneraile, about 142 miles S.W. from Dublin, is a large, neat village, 

 with a handsome church. It is the property of the Earl of Egmont, 

 who take* hi* title from a townland in this parish. This part of the 

 county of Cork abounds in military and ecclesiastical remains. 

 [KiMTRK.] CLOTHE, which gives title to a bishop, is described in n 

 separate article. Co*rtmacthtrry, population 526, about 6 miles E. 

 from Clonakilty, situated on the south shore just within the entrance 

 of Courtmacsherry Bay, is the station of a fishery and possesses some 

 trade. A good deal of corn is exported. Near the village is Court- 

 macsherry House, the marine villa of the Earl of Shannon. There is 

 here a station of the coast-guard. Dmrrailt, population 1856, 

 situated on the Awbeg, about 142 miles 8.W. from Dublin, is a neat, 

 small town, formerly the residence of the Lords President of Minister. 

 It contains a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, a small convent, and 

 a court-house. Petty sessions are held here. Fain are held on 

 August 12th and November 12th. Doneraile town gives title to the 

 family of St. Lrger. The ruins of Kilcoleman Castle, the residence 

 of the poet Spenser, stand about 2 mile* north of the town in a some- 

 what bleak situation on the declivity of the hill of Ballyorra. Recent 

 investigation ha* shown that Spenser's wife was one of the St. Leger 

 family ( Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 1 1860.) Dtntgiat. 

 758, about 2 mile* from Cork, but regarded a* a suburb 

 of that city, is situated at the head of an inlet of Cork harbour. It 

 ha* a sail-cloth manufactory and a rope-work. Numerous handsome 

 villas adorn the vicinity. Gtanw^rtk, population 869, i. a large village, 

 bout 4 mile* N.\\ . from Fennoy, situated on the Funcheon Rivir, 

 an affluent of the Blackwater, which runs nearly parallel to the 

 Awbeg. It wa* it one timo a corporate town of some importance. 

 K*r the village are the remains of a castle which appears to have 

 been of considerable strength. A Dominican monastery formerly 

 tood here. Beaide* the parish church, which is an old buildiu K 

 there are a chapel for Roman Catholic* and several schools. Six 



chapel for 

 ald in the 



school*. Six 



fain an bald in the course of the year. /miufcumon, popu- 

 lation 620, situated on the left bank of the river Bandon 

 about 4 miles N.E. from Bandon, was formerly a place of 

 importance, but is now a met* village, with a small trade in 



linen. By the Bandou rivor vessels can come up to Innishannou 

 from Kinsale harbour. Petty sessions are held monthly, and fain on 

 May 29th and October 3rd. A dispensary of the liandoii Poor-Law 

 Union is stationed here. Kildomry, population 41)7, a small post- 

 town, situated near the right bank of the Puncheon Kivrr, 4 miles 

 W. by S. from Mitchelstown. There are here a Roman Catholic 

 chapel and a dispensary of the Mitchelstown Poor-Law Union. 

 sessions are held monthly, and fain in May, June, September, and 

 November. Kilicarth, population 11 s .'., about 2 miles N.N.K. from 

 Fennoy, is situated near the left bank of the Funcheon River, at the 

 base of the Kilworth Mountains, on the road from C'logheen to Fennoy, 

 in a favourable situation for manufactures ; but the great water-power 

 here available has hitherto been only applied to flax-d renting on a 

 small scale. The town consists chiefly of one long street, which con- 

 tains several good dwellings. Besides the parish church, which is 

 ancient, there is a Roman Catholic chapel. The market-house is a 

 neat building. The river is crossed here by a bridge of six arches. 

 There are some corn-mills. Several fine mansions are in tin- % 

 Fain are held six times in the year. Litcarrol, population 531, a 

 mile west from Churchtown, is a poor village with the remains of a 

 noble castle. The erection of the castle is ascribed to King John. It 

 forms a quadrangle of 24.0 feet by 120 feet, and was flanked by four 

 circular and two quadrangular towers. Sir Philip Perceval, the ancestor 

 of the Egmont family, surrounded it with a fosse and covered-wny in 

 1641. Petty sessions are held here, and there are fain on May Island 

 31st, August 31st, and November 29th. Monlutoum, population 4S4, 

 situated about a mile S. from Passage, on the west shore of Cork har- 

 bour, opposite Queenstown, is an agreeable bathing place, containing 

 several good residences. The parish church is a neat modern edifice, 

 with a tower and spire. On an elevated site near the town stand the 

 ruins of Monkstown Castle, erected by Eustace Gould in 1636. The 

 name of the town was derived from a Benedictine monastery, founded 

 here in the 14th century. Fain are held in March, May, August, and 

 November. Xevmarkct, population 1265, besides 556 in an auxiliary 

 workhouse of the Kanturk Poor-Law Union, situated on tl:> ri\vr 

 Allua, about 4 miles N.W. from Kanturk, is, aw its name implies, a 

 market-town. It consists chiefly of two streets, containing several 

 good dwelling-houses. In the town are the parish church, a Roman 

 Catholic chapel, several schools, a fever hospital, and a dispensary. 

 John Philpot Curran was a native of Newmarket, and receh 

 earliest instructions at a small school in the town. Fain are li 

 June 8th, September 8th, October 10th, and November 21st. Pauage, 

 population 2857, about 6milesE.S.E. from Cork, is pleasantly situated on 

 the westsideofCorkharbour.opposite Great Island. Thereare here dock- 

 yards. A church, a Roman Catholic chapel, and a Wesleyau Methodist 

 chapel are in the town. Petty sessions are held here. Passage is much 

 frequented ss a bathing place, and there are numerous villas in the 

 vicinity. Rathcormack, population 971, about 14 miles N.N.E. from 

 Cork, on the left bank of the Bride River, consists chiefly of one 

 street. Besides the parish church there are here a Roman Catholic 

 chapel, a chapel for Methodists, several schools, a sessions-house, and 

 a fever hospital. Petty sessions ore held monthly, and fain on August 

 12th and October 29th. Rathcormack had a charter of 33 Char: 

 conferring the power to send members to Parliament. Roes, or Ross- 

 CAHDEHV, which gives title to a bishop, is described separately. Timo- 

 league, population 393, about 4 miles E.N.E. from Clonakilty, at the 

 mouth of the actuary of the Arrigadeen River, is chiefly to be noticed 

 for the remains of its once famous abbey, said to have l 

 in the 14th century. There are also some vestiges of an old castle. 

 Petty sessions are held monthly, and fain four times in the year. 

 Vt'atergratthill, population 051, about 9 miles N.E. by N. froi. 

 is situated on the summit of the lofty tract of country which rises 

 between the valley of the Lee and that of the Blackwater. The ground 

 in the vicinity of the town is the highest under cultivation in the 

 district The general appearance of the surrounding district is bleak 

 and barren. The town contains a small Episcopal chapel, a Roman 

 Catholic chapel, and a dispensary. Whtityatc, population 1228, about 

 6 miles S.W. from Cloyne, is situated on the east side of Cork harbour. 

 Many of the inhabitant* are employed in fishing. In the neighbour- 

 hood are several good mansions. Carlisle Fort, one of two fortifica- 

 tions by which Cork harbour is defended, stands near the . 

 There is here a station of the coast-guard. 



Industry. The linen and woollen manufactures at one time flourished 

 in several towns of this county. Of late considerable cflorts have been 

 made to revive the linen manufacture. The growth of flax has been 

 extensively promoted. Scutching-mills have been put up in various 

 parts of the county, and an establishment was opened a few yearn ago 

 at Drimoleaguc, near Skiliberccn, for steeping the flax by an improved 

 process. The cultivation of green crops has been considerably ex- 

 tended in consequence of the potato failure ; and the condition of the 

 southern districts of the county has been materially iui].r<.vrii. Tlio 

 Cutleries along the coast are important The head quarters of the 

 various fishery district* are Youghal, Quceiihtown, Kinrale, 

 bereen, and Castletown. These districts comprise in all 389 miles of 

 maritime boundaries, employing about 5000 registered fishing vessels, 

 and about 25,000 men and boy*. 



Before the coming of the English, Cork was a separate kingdom, of 

 which the princes were the Mac-Carthys. The ancient kingdom of 



