- 



XI10HXF. 



CHEMNITZ. 





one of whom is provost ; and, with Cupar-Fife, St. Andrew'*, Kilreniiy, 

 the Austruthers, and Pittenweem, returns one member to the Imperial 

 Parliament. 



Crail was made a royal burgh by Robert tint Bruce, in 1306. The 

 town consist* of two good streets and a few lane*. It possesses a 

 small and shallow harbour, which is frequented by a few boat*. The 

 old church ia a pleasing specimen of pointed architecture. Besides 

 the parish church there are a Free church, a United Presbyterian 

 church, the Parochial school and a Burgh school. Near the bnr^h, 

 and on a cliff on the coast are traces of a castle said to have 

 been inhabited by David I. In A.D. 874, Crail was the scene of a 

 akirmish with the Danes, who are believed to have built a wall or 

 ridge from the ocean to the Frith of Forth, inclosing a part of this 

 parish ; a portion of the wall remains, and is known as 'the Dane's 

 Dyke.' Stone coffins have been discovered in the parish. Freestone 

 is found in all parts of the parish of Crail. Fireclay bricks and 

 chimney cans are manufactured ; the coals consumed are imported. 



The pariah of Crail, the south-eastern angle of the county, is 

 sometime! called the east 'ncuk,' or nook, of Fife. The Isle of May, 

 in the Frith of Forth, about 6 miles S.E. from the harbour of Crail, 

 is reckoned as an outlying part of the parish. It is about a mile 

 long and nearly as broad, and is situated in 66 1' N. lat, 2 32' 

 WTlong. A few cattle and sheep are fed upon it, and a long haired 

 kind of rabbit is found on the island. A lighthouse with a fixed 

 light, visible at a distance of 21 miles, was erected in 1843-4. 



CRANBORNE, Dorsetshire, a borough and market-town in the 

 parish and hundred of Cranborne, is situated in 50 66' N. lat., 1 54' 

 W. long. ; distant 31 miles N.E. from Dorchester, and 93 miles S.W. 

 by W. from London. The population of the parish of Cranborne in 

 1851 was 2737. The living is a vicarage with two curacies annexed 

 in the archdeaconry of Dorset and diocese of Salisbury. 



Cranborne is situated near the bead of the small river Allen. The 

 town contains some good houses. The country around is pleasant 

 and fertile. The parish church, which wax formerly the church of a 

 religious house founded here about the close of the 10th century, is a 

 commodious structure; it has a tower of the perpendicular style. 

 The pulpit ia of wood, richly carved, erected on a stone base. The 

 population of Cranborne ia chiefly engaged in agriculture. The 

 market, held on Thursday, is email ; two fairs and one great cattle 

 market are held in the course of the year. On Castle-hill are the 

 remains of an ancient circular fortification. 



(Hutchins, DonetMre ; Communication from Cranborne.) 

 CRANBROOK, Kent, a market-town aud the seat of a Poor-Law 

 Union, in the pariah and hundred of Cranbrook and lathe of Seray, is 

 situated in 51 ' 0' N. lat., 32' E. long. ; 30 miles S.W. from Canter- 

 bury, and 48 miles S.K. from London. The population of the town 

 in 1851 was 1652. The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of 

 Haidstone and diocese of Canterbury. Cranbrook Poor-Law Union 

 contains 6 parishes aud townships, with an area of 40,205 acres, and 

 a population in 1851 of 13,069. 



Cranbrook is the principal town in the Weald of Kent. It consists 

 chiefly of two streets, the main street being about half a mile long. 

 The houses are irregularly built ; the streets are paved, and lighted 

 with gas, and the sewerage ia good. Cranbrook was at one time the 

 centre of the clothing trade introduced by the Flemings who were 

 induced to settle here in the time of Edward III. It is now a mart 

 for the agricultural produce of the neighbourhood. A large amount 

 of business is transacted in hops. The market-house is in the main 

 street ; the market, which is held on Wednesday, is chiefly fr corn 

 and hops. A market for cattle is held once a fortnight. Fairs are 

 held on May 30th and September 29th. The parish church, a hand- 

 some and commodious edifice, in the perpendicular style, is situated 

 on a small eminence near the centre of the town. The Baptists, 

 Independent*, and other Dissenters have places of worship in the 

 town. Queen Elizabeth's Free Grammar school, for the gratuitous 

 education of the sons of persons residing in the parish, has an income 

 from endowment of 6001 a year, and had 36 scholars in 1852, of 

 whom 18 were on the foundation. At Dence'a school 16 boys, 

 nominated by the trustees, are gratuitously taught ; there is also a 

 National school for boys and girls. Petty sessions are held monthly. 

 In Cranbrook pariah are the ruins of Siaainghurat, a fine mansion, 

 which bring used as a place of confinement for French prisoners in 

 the last century, received the name of Siasinghurst Castle. 

 (Hasted, K'nt ; Communication from Cranbrook.) 

 CRAONNE. [Ami.1 

 r II A To. [Auurruo.J 

 CRAVKOIUi. (KMT.l 



Auxc; 80MMK.] 



CREDITON, Devonshire, a borough and market-town, and the seat 

 of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish and hundred of Crediton, is 

 situated in a valley on the banks of the small river Creedy, in 50 47' 

 N. lat., 3' 40' W. long. ; distant 8 miles N.W. from Exeter, 180 miles 

 aW. from London by road, and 202 miles by the Oreat Western and 

 Exeter and Crediton railway*. The population of the town of 

 Crediton in 1861 was 31(34. The living is a vicarage in the archdea- 

 conry and diooenc of Exeter. Crediton Poor-Law Union contains 29 

 parishes and townships, with to area of 88,050 acres, and a population 

 In 1851 of 21,727. 



The manor of Crediton belonged at on early period to the bishuj 

 of Devonshire. A collegiate church ia said to have exiated ! 

 tli.' > mo of the Saxon*. This church was made the cathedral chun I 

 about 910; about 1040 the diocese of Cr.',|it. .11 WOK rnl:u 

 addition of that of St German'*, which included Cornwall : i:. 

 the see was removed to Exeter. The present parish church uas 

 formerly collegiate: it ia cruciform, and the principal part of OK- 

 building is late perpendicular. The tower, which rics from the 

 intersection of the cross, ia 100 feet high. The lady chii|-l is now 

 used as a Grammar school. In the parviee ia a library, chiefly theolo- 

 gical, the bequest of a former vicar. There are places of worship for 

 Baptists, Independents, Wcaleyan Methodists, Plymouth Brethren, 

 and Unitarians. National schools are supported partly by an endow- 

 ment, but chiefly by subscriptions : about 60 of the children receive 

 clothing from the institution. An Infant school ia supported by 

 voluntary contributions. The Free Grammar school, founded by 

 charter of Edward VI., is endowed out of the tithes, with 1002. a 



ir. The number of scholars in 1852 was 30. Each scholar pays 

 a year head money. The school possesses 3 exhibitions of <"'. 

 each, tenable for 4 years at either university. There are a mechanics 

 institution, a public library, and a news-room. 



Crediton sent representatives to the Parliament held at Carlisle iu 

 the time of Edward I. On the rise of the woollen inanufactun- in 

 this part of the country, Crediton became one of the most important 

 seats of that branch of industry. Hand-loom weavers now make 

 some cloth in their own houses for manufacturers at Exeter and North 

 Tawton. The principal occupation is shoe-making, which employs 

 several hundred people. Crediton has at various periods been consi- 

 derably injured by conflagrations. The town is divided into two 

 parts, the East Town and the West Town. It is governed by a 

 portreeve elected annually. Petty sessions and a county court are 

 held. Under the provisions of an Improvement Act obtained in 1836, 

 commissioners were appointed, whose jurisdiction includes the town 

 and suburbs. A commodious market-place has been erected iu the 

 High-street. The town is lighted with gas. The market day ia 

 Saturday. Fairs are held in May, August, aud September, and a great 

 cattle market ia held in April. Among the vestiges of ancient 

 buildings may be mentioned St. Lawrence's chapel, at the west end of 

 the town, with the remains of windows of triple lights in the early 

 English style ; it is now used as cottagers' dwellings. 



(Polwhele, Devontliirc ; Murray, Handbook of J)eron ; Itoule Book 

 of Devon ; Communication from Crediton.) 



CREFELD, or KREFELD, the chief town of the circle CV'feld, 

 in the Prussaian province of Dusseldorf, stands in a low marshy 

 situation, in 51 20' N. lat, 6 32' E. long., about 10 miles by railway 

 N.W. from Dusseldorf, and has about 23,000 inhabitants. The town 

 is well and regularly built, and being encircled by gardens and 

 country seats is one of the prettiest spots in this part of Germany. 

 The town contains a Roman Catholic church, two Protestant churches, 

 a synagogue, and a Menuonite chapel, an orphan asylum, hospitals, 

 a house of correction, and a school for deaf-mutes. The mauut.i 

 to which Crefeld is indebted for its prosperity are silks and velvets; 

 they are carried on both in the town and its immediate neighbourhood, 

 and afford employment to upwards of 6000 hands. More than '.".m 

 hands are employed in the manufacture of ribands. The other 

 branches of manufacture are cotton-yarn, woollen cloths aud kersey- 

 meres, flannel, stockings, linen, hats, gloves, thread, sowing and 

 embroidering ailk, pins, sugar, spirits, tobacco, soap and starch, iron 

 and copper wares, leather, and felt hats. The trade of Crefeld ia 

 brisk and extensive, particularly iu it own products ; it has three 

 good fairs in the course of the year. 



CHEIL. [OiSE.] 



CREMA. [Lorn.] 



CRKMNIT/ (properly Kretnnilz), a mining town in Hungary, 

 situated in a narrow gloomy valley closed in by seven high 1 

 situated in about 48 42' N. lat, 18 53' E. long., and has 6000 

 inhabitants. It ia a royal tree town, and the place where the . 

 mines in the kingdom were opened. The inuer town contains the 

 castle aud only a few houses besides, but its suburbs are extenpiv.-. 

 The population is mostly German and Sclavonian ; thi^y d.'i-iv.' tin n 

 subaiatenoe from the adjacent mines. Among the buildings of note 

 arc the archiepiacopal residence, the principal church with two lofty 

 richly -gilt steeples and a coppered roof, built by the townsmen in 

 1461, four other churches, the chancery mint, town-hall, royal gymna- 

 sium, Roman Catholic high school, royal hospital for the miners, an 

 hospital for the townspeople, and a convent It is the seat of a 

 subordinate board of mines, and here the Cremnitz ducats arc coined. 

 The royal mines in the neighbourhood produce gold (esteemed the 

 finest obtained in Europe) and silver ; and employ between 800 and 

 1 000 workmen. The waters of these mines contain a large quantity 

 of sulphate of iron. The smelting and washing works, which are 

 supplied with excellent machinery, smelt not only all the ores found 

 here but what the Schemnitz and Kieschlich mines yield. The 

 produce of the Cremnitz mines has greatly fallen off of late years, 

 amounting to no more than 15,000 marcs of silver aud 250 marcs of 

 gold annually. The town contains two paper-mills, manufactories 

 of earthenware and red lead, and a vitriol factory. The town is 

 supplied with water by on aqueduct. 



